Characteristics of China’s landform tourism resources

1. Landform Tourism Value

Various landform types constitute a variety of tourism resources with their unique shapes and charms. my country's geological history is complex and has experienced large-scale crustal movements, especially neotectonic movements, which established the basic outline of my country's landforms. Five basic landform types are available and widely distributed. Landforms have a profound impact on the formation and evolution of my country's natural landscapes. As tourism resources, they have huge potential for development and utilization.

Plain areas generally have low and flat terrain with gentle undulations, and the natural landscape is relatively monotonous. However, each plain shows differences in natural landscape due to different causes and geographical locations. For example, the Northeast and North China plains stretch as far as the eye can see, with thousands of miles of fertile fields; the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plains and the Pearl River Delta are densely covered with rivers and lakes, and are low-lying, giving them the scenery of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The plain is an area inhabited by humans. It has a long history of development, developed planting industry, and convenient transportation. Due to the long-term effects of human factors, its original appearance has been changed to varying degrees. Therefore, the plain area has a collection of cultural landscapes and is suitable for the development of pastoral scenery. travel.

The plateau is a high-lying plateau with varied landscapes due to differences in height and surface composition. The Inner Mongolia Plateau is vast and open, with "blue skies, vast fields, and wind-blown grass showing cattle and sheep"; the Loess Plateau is a world of ravines and fragments "made by a mad god"; the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has extensive karst landforms, many strange peaks, and rugged rocks. The caves are unique and their wonders and wonders are fascinating; the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the "Roof of the World" for its unique plateau climate, majestic and gorgeous modern mountain glaciers, rich Tibetan folk customs, and religious architecture and religious culture with local ethnic characteristics. etc. attracting people to travel, explore and sightsee.

Mountainous areas have been relatively less affected by humans and have retained much of their original landscape, so they have the beauty of natural carvings. Mountains at different altitudes strongly attract people who have lived in plains and cities for a long time with their unique shapes, waterfalls, springs, and exotic flowers and plants. In particular, famous scenic mountains not only have the natural beauty of typical mountain landscapes, but also permeate the beauty of cultural landscapes. The combination of the two makes mountains a landform with the highest tourism value. Nowadays, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the voice of "advocating nature and returning to nature" is getting louder and louder. People yearn for the quiet environment, fresh air, gurgling streams, gurgling mountain springs, and the singing of birds and the fragrance of nature for leisure, recuperation, and tourism. and other activities, and these advantages are exactly what the natural landscape of the mountain has, thus further improving the tourism value of the mountain.

On the basis of the five basic landforms, our country has developed large areas of karst, alkaline and karst landforms due to the different lithology in different places and the varying degrees of natural factors such as climate and running water on the surface carving. Landforms such as clouds, flowing water, coasts, glaciers, and volcanoes have unique shapes and strange landscapes, and have high landform tourism value.

2. China’s landform tourism resources

my country has various types of landform tourism resources, among which karst landforms, Danxia landforms, volcanic landforms, granite landforms and coastal landforms have the most tourism resources. Attractive.

(1) Karst landforms

Karst landforms refer to various landforms formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks on the ground surface by water and mechanical action, such as stone buds, Stone forests, peak forests, caves, sinkholes, underground rivers, caves, corrosion depressions, etc. The area of ??carbonate rocks in my country is about 1.3 million square kilometers, accounting for about 14% of the country's total area. In addition, the climate has been warm and humid for a long time, so the karst landforms are very developed. It is the country with the largest karst area in the world. This type of landform is most widely distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, and eastern Yunnan, and has the most complete karst development; secondly, it is also widely distributed in western Hubei, western Hunan, eastern Sichuan, Shandong, Shanxi, and Beijing. Due to differences in climate and lithology, the degree of development of karst landforms varies greatly from place to place. Some are dominated by strange peaks on the ground, some are famous for underground caves, and some are characterized by springs. There are many areas in our country that have formed famous scenic spots due to the typical development of karst landforms.

1. Guilin Landscape

Guilin Landscape refers to the karst scenic area along the Li River in northeastern Guangxi, starting from Xing'an in the north to Yangshuo in the south, with Guilin as the center. The landform belongs to the peak forest karst valley and the isolated peak karst plain zone, and is a typical representative of the subtropical karst landform.

2. Lunan Stone Forest

Lunan Stone Forest is one of the most famous scenic spots in my country. It is located in Lunan Yi Autonomous County, 120 kilometers southeast of Kunming City, Yunnan Province. "The peaks stand on the wall, and the thousands of peaks are green." Huge stone peaks and stone pillars rise from the ground and soar into the sky. From a distance, they look like a vast forest. They are known as "the first wonder in the world".

(2) Danxia landform

Danxia landform, also known as red bed landform, refers to the famous mountains, strange peaks, cliffs, red cliffs and boulders developed on the huge thick red sandy conglomerate. and other special landforms, which have high tourism value. Danxia landforms in my country are mainly distributed at the junction of the four provinces of Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan, especially in Renhua in northern Guangdong and Wuyi in northwestern Fujian. The development is very typical. Due to the influence of internal and external forces on the earth, this landform has formed various shapes of cliffs, solitary peaks, forest peaks, steamed bun-like mountain shapes, rounded peaks and smooth rock faces and rocks, which are also easily eroded. Washed into caves. Because its shape is similar to karst peaks, it is said to be false karst. The Danxia landform landscape resources are rich and colorful, exquisite and exquisite, and can be summarized as "Danshan and clear water".

1. Wuyi Mountain

Wuyi Mountain is located in Wuyishan City in northwest Fujian. It is one of the first batch of national key scenic spots in my country. The peaks in the scenic area are formed by stacks of sandy conglomerates, rising from the ground. They are not connected to the outer mountains. They stand abruptly, surrounded by valleys, with mountain backwaters. They are characterized by "three or three beautiful waters, as clear as jade, and six or six strange peaks with green peaks". "Heaven" constitutes the skeleton and essence of Wuyishan Scenic Area.

2. Danxia Mountain

Danxia Mountain is located in Renhua County, Guangdong Province. It is one of the second batch of national key scenic spots in my country. Chinese geologists first conducted an in-depth investigation of this landform in the Danxia Mountain area in 1928, and named this landform, which developed in the Cretaceous and Tertiary red rock formations and resembles karst, the "Danxia landform". There are many strange peaks in the area, red cliffs and red cliffs. The Jinjiang River meanders through the peaks. Ancient caves, streams and waterfalls can be seen everywhere. The dense forests, red rocks and green trees, and the strange mountains and beautiful waters set off each other, attracting countless tourists. Together with Xiqiao Mountain, Luofu Mountain and Dinghu Mountain, it is listed as the four famous mountains in Guangdong.

(3) Volcanic landforms

Volcanic landforms are landforms formed due to volcanic activity. The wonders of volcanic eruptions, the moving cones of dormant volcanoes and the strange micro-landforms formed by lava flows are all very attractive tourism resources. my country is adjacent to the Pacific Ring of Fire and Earthquake Belt and the Mediterranean-Himalayan Earthquake Belt. It is a country with many volcanoes and earthquakes. There are more than 800 volcanoes in my country, most of which are extinct and dormant volcanoes. They are concentrated in Northeast China, Yunnan and Taiwan, forming a famous volcanic landform scenic spot.

1. Wudalianchi Volcano Group

Wudalianchi is located in the north of Wudalianchi City, Heilongjiang Province, on the southwest side of Xiaoxinan Mountains, surrounded by volcanoes. The scenic area includes 14 basalt volcanic cones, 5 beaded barrier lakes and a lava platform.

2. Jingbo Lake

Jingbo Lake is located in the southwest of Ning'an County, Heilongjiang Province. It was formed because the lower reaches of the Mudanjiang River were dammed by volcanic lava. The lake is long and narrow in shape and covers an area of ??more than 90 square kilometers. It is the largest alpine barrier lake in my country. The mountains along the coast are undulating and the forests are dense, forming a splendid scenery of "green lakes surrounded by mountains, with overflowing springs and smooth waves". The lake water falls 20 meters along the break, forming Diaoshuilou Waterfall, which is majestic and quite majestic.

(4) Granite landforms

Granite is widely distributed in my country, especially in the south. Granite is a hard lithology, but its joints are particularly developed. Under the action of long-term internal and external forces, granite landforms such as strange peaks, rocks, platforms, stone hills, and stone eggs are formed. Such as Huangshan's strange rocks, Taimu's strange rocks, Fengdong Stone in Dongshan, Fujian, Sunlight Rock in Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, "Putuo Xizhao" on Putuo Mountain, etc.

1. Huangshan

Huangshan is located in the center of the low mountains in southern Anhui. It has 72 peaks connected with each other. The main peak, Lotus Peak, is the highest, with an altitude of 1873 meters. Most of the scenic spots in Huangshan Mountain are carved by nature, and the "Four Wonders" of strange rocks, strange pines, sea of ??clouds and hot springs are the most famous. The vertical joints of the granite in Huangshan Mountain are developed. After long-term internal and external forces, various strange peaks and rocks have been created.

2. Taimu Mountain

Taimu Mountain is located in Fuding City, Fujian Province. There are typical granite landforms developed, such as "immortal sawing boards", "golden cat pounces on mice", "golden turtle climbing the wall", "nine carps facing the sky" and other extremely vivid images

5) Coastal landforms

Coastal landform refers to the landform formed in the coastal zone by the combined action of external factors such as waves, currents, and tides. It includes two categories: sea erosion landforms and sea accumulation landforms. The former includes sea erosion platforms, sea stacks, sea caves, sea erosion arch bridges, sea erosion monuments and sea erosion cliffs, etc.; the latter includes beaches, sand bars, sand spits and lagoons, etc. These have high ornamental value, especially today when sunshine, sea water and beach (i.e. Sun, Sea, Sand, commonly known as the "Three Ss") have become important tourism resources, and the tourism value of coastal landforms has increased even more.

Mangroves are shrubs that grow in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They are about 5 to 10 meters high and have strong alkali resistance. They can improve beach soil and serve as windbreaks and berms. They can also Beautify the coastal environment. Mangroves can be cultivated on the coast south of Wenzhou in my country, but the mangroves are most developed on the coasts of Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong and Hainan, with unique natural landscapes.

(6) Aeolian landforms

Aeolian landforms refer to landforms formed by wind erosion, transportation and accumulation of surface materials. They can be divided into two categories: wind erosion and aeolian landforms. Although the aeolian landform area has a harsh environment, it still has the potential to develop tourism. The landscape of "the vast Gobi plains and thousands of miles of uninhabited people" as well as the oases, wind-eroded castles, wind-eroded mushrooms, etc. in the desert are all very mysterious and have become a place that adventurous tourists yearn for.

(7) Glacier landforms

Glaciers are huge ice bodies that move along the ground in polar or high mountain areas. Glacier landforms refer to landforms mainly formed by the erosion and accumulation of glaciers, including landscapes such as horn peaks, blade ridges, U-shaped valleys and glacial lakes. In particular, the glacial lakes and serac forests formed by melting glaciers are the most attractive. At the end of the glacier, affected by the melting of the glacier, a forest of seracs has formed, interspersed with ice mushrooms, ice waterfalls, etc., forming a fairy-tale "crystal garden" landscape.

(8) Loess landform

Loess landform is a special ravine and water landform developed in loess areas.

In our country, loess landforms are widely distributed, and their typical development is rare in the world. It is mainly distributed on the Loess Plateau west of the Taihang Mountains, east of the Wushaoling Mountains, north of the Qinling Mountains, and south of the Great Wall. The thickness of the loess cover is generally 100 to 120 meters. The origin of loess is generally believed to be Quaternary sediments transported by wind from the vast desert areas of the northwest. Its structure is loose, porous and vertically jointed, and has strong water permeability. It is easily washed away by rain and cut by running water, forming beams. , hills, plateaus, pillars and other landforms. The ravines in the area are very developed and dense. The ravine landforms and inter-valley landforms are widely distributed. The ground surface is cut into pieces and the water and soil erosion is serious. But for tourism, the Loess Plateau attracts tourists with its rough and unbridled plateau appearance, spectacular and peculiar "peak clusters" of earth pillars, and unique loess cave dwellings and folk customs.

(9) Flowing landform

Flowing landform refers to the landform shaped by the erosion, transportation and accumulation of surface water. Such as ravines, river valleys, floodplains, river terraces, alluvial plains, deltas, etc. On the land surface, flowing water landforms are everywhere. Among them, the canyon landform formed by rivers cutting through mountains is a landform with great ornamental value. There are many rivers in my country, including the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Heilongjiang, Lancang River, Nujiang and other famous rivers. There are spectacular canyons along the way (especially in the upper reaches), among which the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River are especially famous around the world. Large areas of alluvial plains and deltas are often formed in the middle and lower reaches of large rivers. They all attract tourists with different landscapes.

3. China’s mountain tourism resources

my country is a mountainous country with rich mountain tourism resources. Many of these mountains are majestic, precipitous, strange and beautiful, as well as containing numerous places of interest and historical sites. They are ideal places for sightseeing, summer vacation or mountain climbing.

(1) The Five Sacred Mountains

The Five Sacred Mountains are the collective name for the five famous mountains in my country. They are Mount Tai in the East, Mount Huashan in the West, Mount Heng in the South, Mount Heng in the North and Mount Song in the Central Plains. The Five Sacred Mountains were consecrated by emperors of all dynasties. Due to the unique scenic beauty of the Five Mountains, they have been praised a lot in ancient and modern times. Xu Xiake, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, once praised "the Five Mountains without looking at the mountains after returning".

(2) Four famous Buddhist mountains

“There are many monks in famous mountains in the world.” Our country's magnificent landscapes and scenic spots are full of famous temples and temples, which have become famous religious holy places. Mountains are famous for their religion. Mount Wutai, Mount Emei, Mount Jiuhua and Mount Putuo are the four famous Buddhist mountains in my country.

(3) Four famous Taoist mountains

Taoism is one of the religions in my country with a long history. It was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty and became popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It regards Laozi as its ancestor. There are also many famous Taoist mountains in our country. The famous ones are Laoshan Mountain in Shandong, Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan, Wudang Mountain in Hubei, and Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi. They are also known as the "Four Famous Taoist Mountains".

(4) Alpine Snow Peak

Alpine Snow Peak not only attracts tourists with its colorful glacial landforms, but also becomes a good place for mountaineering adventures due to its height and danger. Nowadays, sports adventure mountaineering has become a very important tourism activity. Since 1980, my country has opened nine peaks including Mount Everest and Shishapangma to the public, which has effectively promoted mountaineering and adventure tourism activities in my country and the world.

(5) Other famous scenic mountains

In addition to the Five Sacred Mountains, the four famous Buddhist mountains, the four famous Buddhist mountains and the famous mountains listed in various landform tourism resources, there are many Scenic mountains. The famous scenic mountains included in the first batch of national key scenic spots in my country mainly include Lushan Mountain, Yandang Mountain, Tianzhu Mountain, etc.