Basic characteristics of tourism resources in Tibet

(Chongqing Institute of Minerals, Chongqing 400015; Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 6 1008 1)

Through the investigation and comprehensive study of Tibet's tourism resources, it is found that the uniqueness, massiness and magic of Tibet's tourism resources are shocking. The diversity and uniqueness of its natural tourism resources, the typicality of geological tourism resources, the rarity of historical and cultural resources, the prominence of folk tourism resources, and the aesthetic, extensive and ecological advantages of tourism resources are simply unparalleled. This paper summarizes the outstanding basic characteristics of Tibet's tourism resources, aiming at stimulating people's yearning for exploring Tibet and their desire to travel.

Keywords Tibet; Tourism resources; characteristic

Xizang Autonomous Region, China is rich in tourism resources, which are closely related to the natural environment and human environment in Tibet. The peculiar natural landscape and unique cultural landscape show the strong magical color of this western land. In the process of comprehensively sorting out the new round of land and resources survey data, especially the tourism resources in most1:250,000 regional geological survey maps, the author has a deeper understanding of the basic characteristics of Tibet's tourism resources.

1 Diversity of natural tourism resources

The whole territory of Tibet accounts for about one-eighth of the country's total land area, and there are many kinds of natural tourism resources, which are unmatched by any province in China. Including mysterious geological landscape, wonderful landscape, colorful astronomical phenomena, rare creatures, vast grasslands, deep forests, magnificent religious buildings, ancient and heavy national culture and peculiar folk customs, there are many kinds and everything.

As far as the color diversity of tourism resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is concerned, red, yellow, blue, green and white are readily available. Red robes, temple walls, Ya Dan and Danxia are all colorful; Yellow desert, sandstorm, boundless sand sea, covering the sky for thousands of miles; Blue sky, lake, vast sky, Wan Li sky, plateau lake, boundless blue waves, water and sky; Green grassland, vast grassland, cattle and sheep everywhere; Snow mountain glacier, crystal clear, ice sculpture jade clean.

2 the uniqueness of natural tourism resources

The unbalanced distribution of natural resources in Tibet, the difference of regional combination of resources and the heavy religious culture have created the uniqueness of natural tourism resources. For example, the charm of Potala Palace, the piety of Jokhang Temple, the majesty of Mount Everest, the magic of Gangrenboqi, the fairyland of Rongbu Glacier, the holiness of Namco, the profundity of Medog Grand Canyon, the charm of Bupadong Waterfall in Tibet, the maternal love of Yangbajing geothermal, the vastness of Qiangtang Nature Reserve, the diversity of plateau creatures and the rarity of Tibetan antelopes. Many tourist resources in Tibet are quite unique, which are unparalleled in the whole country and even in the world.

The topography of Tibet is similar to that of the whole Chinese mainland, which is high in the west and low in the east. The southeast has a warm and humid climate, and the northwest has a typical dry climate. During this period, the change is rapid, the gradient is large and the vertical zoning is obvious. The comprehensive interaction of different geological structural zones and different climatic zones in Tibet presents a complex pattern of mosaic of various types of landscapes and geological landscapes. This is not found in other parts of China, or even in other countries in the world.

3 typical geological tourism resources

Tibet is located on the roof of the world, the roof of the world and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with the highest geological features in China [1]. The mountains overlap, the plateau is strewn at random, the valleys are continuous, the landform is typical, and the landform is complex and orderly. Under the comprehensive action of strata, neotectonic movement and climate, eastern Tibet has developed into a large-scale typical canyon landform with strangeness, danger, beauty and beauty. The geological profile of Nyalam-China-Nepal Highway integrates the continuous stratigraphic profiles of Precambrian basement, Lower Paleozoic, Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic, as well as other rich natural and human landscapes. The landscape of the combination of the four plates is unique to Tibet, which not only has high scientific research value, but also has high tourism value.

4 Scarcity of historical and cultural resources

Tibet's humanistic tourism resources are of many kinds, high quality and large scale. Of all the 2 1 scenic spots in the cultural tourism resources landscape system listed in the China Tourism Resources Census Standard (Trial Draft) [2], Tibet contains 16 scenic spots, accounting for 76.2% of the historical heritage scenic spots, which shows the rich historical and cultural connotations passed down as the birthplace of the Tibetan nation. There are 3 world cultural heritages, 3 national historical and cultural cities, 3 national cultural relics protection units 13 and autonomous regional cultural relics protection units 1 1.

5 outstanding folk tourism resources

Tibet is the largest Tibetan community in China. Tibetans are a nation with rich historical connotation and unique culture. Tibetan folk tourism resources such as marriage, festivals, funerals, food, costumes, folk arts, folk games and entertainment are very prominent, and they are the most characteristic tourism resources that can attract foreign tourists. What is particularly fascinating is the colorful traditional folk festivals, which vividly render the unique plateau folk customs and have strong traditional colors.

People in Xizang has developed under unique natural conditions and social environment, and created profound culture. The temples, palaces, manors, buildings, frescoes, sculptures, temples and other cultural relics in Tibet have systematically preserved and embodied all historical, cultural and religious traditions. The world-famous Potala Palace is a model among them, as well as drepung monastery, Sera Temple, Tashilhunpo Temple, Sakya Temple, Jokhang Temple and Samye Temple. Historical and cultural status is equally important, forming a beautiful cultural landscape.

6 Aesthetic characteristics of tourism resources

In 2005, chinese national geography magazine organized the selection of "beauty contest China" in the most beautiful place in China. More than 200 experts were hired to subvert the tradition, promote aesthetics, pay attention to the west, select 34 provinces and cities 102 as the most beautiful places, and launch the latest ranking of the most beautiful places in China. Among them, Tibet has 1 1 beautiful places, accounting for11%of the whole country; 16 has 4 champions, accounting for 25%. Three of the top ten famous mountains belong to Tibet. It is obvious that the weight of Tibetan beauty is heavy.

During the beauty contest in China, Nanga Bawa Peak was magnificent and beautiful, ranking first among the top ten most beautiful peaks in China along with "Paradise in the Clouds". Mount Qomolangma was rated as one of the top ten most beautiful peaks in China with Watch of the Mind. Feng Qifeng of Gang Rinpo has a unique shape and its abrupt beauty is shocking. It and the "Residence of the Gods" are listed as one of the top ten most beautiful mountains in China. In 1994 65438+ 10, Guinness World Records officially listed the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon as the highest in the world. The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon is rated as the first of the ten most beautiful canyons in China with the characteristics of "strong, deep, moist, secluded, high, long, dangerous, low, strange and beautiful". Nujiang Grand Canyon is rated as one of the top ten most beautiful canyons in China because of its world-famous "the most mysterious" and "the most primitive and simple". The Tibetan Badong Waterfall Group is rated as the first of the six most beautiful waterfalls in China with its "most spectacular, primitive and mysterious" charm. Rongbu Glacier is rated as the first of the six most beautiful glaciers in China with its wonderland of "various ice towers, just like a magnificent building". Midui Glacier is rated as one of the six most beautiful glaciers in China with its harmonious landscape of "Glacier and Pastoral Coexistence" and "Ice and Snow in Peach Blossom Garden". Named as one of the most beautiful lakes in China, Namco has the reputation of "whispering with God". The spruce forest in Linzhi, Gangxiang, was rated as one of the top ten most beautiful forests in China because of its "simplicity and dense magnificence". Naqu alpine grassland is rated as one of the six most beautiful grasslands in China because of its majestic beauty.

7. Extensive tourism resources

Tibet has a vast territory and the terrain gradually rises from southeast to northwest. Affected by southwest monsoon and winter westerly wind, the climate also changes in the same direction. From southeast to northwest, there are tropical mountain monsoon humid climate, subtropical mountain monsoon humid climate, plateau temperate monsoon semi-humid semi-arid climate and other climate types. From southeast to northwest, with the regular changes in the spatial distribution of hydrothermal conditions, evergreen broad-leaved forest areas in the tropical rain forest mountains in the southern wing of Himalaya, coniferous forest areas in eastern Tibet, shrub grass areas in southern Tibet, alpine shrub meadow areas in northeastern Tibet, plateau grass areas in northern Tibet and desert grass areas in northwestern Tibet appear in turn.

The alpine valleys in eastern Tibet and the southern slopes of the Himalayas have a three-dimensional climate because of the great vertical changes in topography. At the foot of Mount Everest, you can not only see the wonders such as snow peaks and glaciers, but also visit Kama Valley, which is called the most beautiful valley in the world (192 1 was first discovered by the British in and is now the core area of Mount Everest Nature Reserve). Taking Nepal, which is adjacent to Tibet, as a reference, Tibet can not only develop into a tourist destination with unique charm, but also have great potential to carry out hiking activities. In some areas of southeastern Tibet, there are many alpine canyons, virgin forests and various animals and plants. There are climatic conditions suitable for hiking all year round here, and there is potential for developing special tourism activities such as forest tourism, eco-tourism and river rafting. From the perspective of development, it is suitable for the development of various comprehensive mountain tourism.

8 Ecological advantages of tourism resources

The unique natural ecological environment has enabled Tibet to maintain ecological diversity and integrity. There are many kinds of creatures, large resources and strange landscapes, all of which rank among the top in China. There are only 4/kloc-0 species in the first class and 84 species in the second class in the whole region, and there are many precious tree species. Many varieties of these resources are protected in 28 nature reserves (including the proposed ones) throughout the region. Mount Everest is a national comprehensive nature reserve, which mainly protects rare and endangered species, natural historical sites and human historical sites. Medog is a national nature reserve to protect the complete comprehensive natural ecology and rare animals, and it is an ideal place to carry out special tourism activities such as forest tourism, eco-tourism and plateau grassland scenery.

Tibet has the two-way strength to develop natural eco-tourism and cultural eco-tourism. These 28 nature reserves have concentrated the essence of the natural ecosystem and natural landscape in the whole region, and have unique advantages in developing natural eco-tourism. Tibet has a world-class, national, autonomous, county-level historical and cultural heritage, which embodies Tibetan culture, archaeological culture, architectural culture, rock painting culture, religious culture, tomb culture and other representative cultures. , making Tibet's historical and cultural resources have lasting charm for the 2 1 century, laying a foundation for the development of cultural eco-tourism.

Due to the sparse population and limited industrial and agricultural pollution, the original natural ecological environment has been preserved and it is a paradise for wildlife. The original ecological communities in the area are well preserved, so in the quantitative evaluation table, the comprehensive evaluation score of natural ecological environment quality is generally high, mostly "excellent" or "excellent". According to the test, the content of pollutants in air, water, soil, ice and snow in this area is extremely low, and the natural environment is very pure. On the one hand, these excellent environmental qualities increase the tourist attraction of the autonomous region, which is one of the main features of the region; On the other hand, it also requires us to take effective measures to maintain this primitive and pure ecological environment while developing and utilizing these unique tourism resources, so that tourism can develop sustainably in this virgin land.

We believe that with the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with the social and economic development of Tibet, and with the continuous improvement and optimization of the basic conditions of tourism facilities in Tibet, the magical Tibet will attract more Chinese and foreign tourists to visit and pay homage, and more scholars will come to explore and study.

refer to

[1] Sun Honglie, Zheng Du. The formation, evolution and development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1998.

[2] National Tourism Administration and Institute of Geography, China Academy of Sciences. General survey standard of tourism resources in China. Beijing: China Tourism Publishing House, 1992.