Jiangxi Wuyuan Sketch Report

Location: Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province (mainly the investigation of natural landscape and human landscape on the east and north lines);

Investigation time: 654381October 26th to 20041October 2nd;

Survey method: (1) Cultural landscape: survey the local area and consult relevant personnel, collect relevant written materials, take relevant pictures, and so on. (2) Natural landscape: taking relevant pictures, sketching on the spot, collecting relevant pictures and so on.

1, purpose of investigation

"Learning from Taoism" is an important source to improve artists' artistic level. Therefore, observing life and studying nature is of great significance to people who study painting, and planned observation means clear purpose, and natural results, that is, unconscious observation at ordinary times, will get twice the result with half the effort, which is also the purpose and significance of our investigation. Our party 14 people belong to two majors, design art and fine arts. Different majors have different emphases. I am an art major, so my first task is to collect creative materials, focusing on natural landscape and its meaningful combination with human landscape, as well as the traditional concept of harmony between man and nature. The second is to increase the relevant knowledge of history, culture and ancient buildings, and increase the perceptual experience of these knowledge.

2. Inspection process

The first stop of this expedition is the eastern route, and the second stop is the western route. The eastern line mainly visits Jiangwan, Xiaoqi and Wangkou in Wuyuan County, and the northern line mainly visits Sikou, Tsinghua Ancient Town, Tuochuan, Likeng and Ruocun. Under normal circumstances, we should first find some local insiders to get a preliminary understanding of local customs, folk customs, product culture and tourist attractions, with the main purpose of determining the next inspection route and difficulty coefficient. Facts have proved that this is the most time-saving method, because for a place with profound cultural traditions, the complexity of its terrain sometimes reflects a culture. For example, the architectural planning of Likeng has the spirit of gossip, just like a maze, if you don't prepare in advance.

3,

survey result

This investigation has gained a lot. On the one hand, I have increased my perceptual knowledge of ancient buildings, accumulated traditional knowledge of architectural knowledge, geography, geomantic omen, planning and ancient environmental protection, and learned the wisdom and intelligence of China sages. On the other hand, it has accumulated a large number of materials and pictures, and collected good materials for artistic creation and further theoretical research. The following is a description of the humanistic landscape or natural landscape that I think is more representative in combination with this major.

Wuyuan is an ancient county with a long history in the northeast of Jiangxi Province. It was once rated as "the most beautiful village in China" by travel books. Adjacent to Zhejiang and Anhui, it is rich in cultural and natural landscapes. She is the hometown of Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, and also the hometown of Zhan Tianyou, the father of Chinese railways. Here, the style of writing is flourishing, and scenic spots and historical sites abound, especially in the ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The natural scenery is picturesque: villages, streams, ancient trees and bamboo forests surround the villages, waterfalls, post roads, road pavilions and arch bridges are scattered all over the countryside ... Wuyuan not only has mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River and green rivers, but also has winding stone roads connecting villages near mountains and waters. What is more prominent is the emblem here. The ancient houses in Wuyuan not only have strong Huizhou characteristics, but also have a unique pattern.

After Jingdezhen arrived in Wuyuan, our first stop was Sikou Town. In Yanchun village, which is famous for its merchants in history, most of the existing houses were built in Qianlong and Jiaqing years of Qing Dynasty, and a few were built in Ming Dynasty. The architectural styles of residential buildings are similar, mostly with one to three-story bucket wooden frames, surrounded by wind and volcano walls, with Shikumen Square as the gate and water-milled blue brick facade. The plane layout is generally three rooms, divided into front hall, back hall and kitchen, with shallow patios in front and back. Andalusite base, lattice doors and windows, slate floor. The most amazing thing is the lifelike "three carvings" (wood carving, brick carving and stone carving) art of the ancient house. Yanchun is famous for its architectural model of group houses. If you walk from the village head to the village end in rainy days, you can wear clothes without getting wet. Yanchun has 57 ancient houses. The manor is very distinctive, and you can also capture a light, hazy and moist picture like watercolor painting on the riverbank around Yancun. Sixi ancient dwellings are famous for their deep courtyard style, and the gilded plaques, cloisters and patio study are also very interesting. In some villages, there are still some ancient post roads, which meander into the distance like ribbons between villages. Those large-scale villages have the idyllic artistic conception of Jiangnan scenery, with scattered trees, winding rivers and scattered villages, which have a charm of Chinese painting.

The ancient village of Wangkou was founded by Gao Yu, a doctor in the Song Dynasty, during the Daguan period, with a history of more than 1 100 years. Located in the west of East jiangwan town, Wuyuan County, Wangkou, known as the "hometown of thousands of cigarettes" in history, still has about 500 families, and more than 95% of the houses still retain the characteristics and styles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ancient villages are located in hilly areas, surrounded by green mountains and green waters. There is a cloud in the poem, "Birds sing and chickens crow overseas, and water and mountains enter the pavilion", and the scenery is very pleasant. Since the Song and Qing Dynasties, Wang Kou's literary style has flourished and talented people have come forth in large numbers. Among them, there are 36 civil and military officials with more than seven grades, bachelor 10 and 33 books. Therefore, it is called "the hometown of books".

In ancient times, Wangkou was the only place that Huizhou Fucheng passed through Wuyuan to Raozhou, Jiangxi Province, and it was also the dock where Wuyuan County connected the waterway of Northeast Township and transported goods to Leping, Poyang and Jiujiang. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many shops and merchants here, and the scene was bustling. Despite thousands of years of vicissitudes, it still leaves many historical sites. Including the "Yu's Ancestral Hall" known as the "art treasure house"; "Millennium Ancient Street" belonging to Huizhou architecture; Simple and elegant houses, such as Yijintang, Maodetang, Dafu Land, Yangshudian, etc. The natural landscape and human landscape of Wangkou are very distinctive and colorful. Take Yu's ancestral hall as an example. The building is mountain-style, with majestic momentum, rigorous layout, exquisite craftsmanship and unique style. The ancestral hall consists of a mountain gate, a hall and a back bedroom. There are gardens on both sides, and the three ancient osmanthus trees in the garden have fragrance every year. The memorial archways, roofs, eaves, sparrows and pillars in the temple are all exquisitely shaped, and all wooden components are exquisitely carved, with more than 100 groups of various shapes and patterns. Knife techniques include shallow carving, deep carving, through carving and round carving, which are absolutely exquisite. Known as "the treasure house of architectural art" by ancient architecture experts. And there is a clear stream outside the ancestral temple, with green mountains and green waters on both sides and unique scenery.

One of the places I am particularly interested in on this trip is Xiaoqi. "The old trees are high and low, the setting sun is far and near the mountains, the forest tops are like smoke, and the water outside the village is like a ring." If Wuyuan is a big green park, then Xiaoqi is a beautiful scenery. The quaint and elegant Ming and Qing dwellings, winding and quiet streets and lanes, post roads paved with bluestone, clear natural environment with wild interest, ancient trees hiding the earth, and the dawn of harmony between man and nature can be called China's unique cultural and ecological ancient village.

Xiaoqi Village was founded in 787 AD. There are dozens of houses in the village that have been maintained for more than 600 years, with distinctive style and extraordinary momentum. Scholars, doctors, Rong Lu and other business officials all reflect the glory of this beautiful land of Zhong Ling. One door, four sons, four generations and one product is a precious spiritual wealth left by the sages to future generations. The ancestors of Xiaoqi advocated green, attached importance to and protected the environment, which added a bit of aura to Xiaoqi today.

During the inspection in the northern line, I mainly learned about Likeng. Likeng was originally named Liyuan. The village was founded at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. The villagers like reading, advocating "reading the festival of Zhuzi, serving the teachings of Zhuzi, and keeping the ceremony of Fujitsu Yuko", which is praised by scholars as "the source of Neo-Confucianism".

For hundreds of years, this remote mountain village has cultivated many talents, including Dali Temple officials Yu Maoheng, Yu Qiyuan, Sima Yu and Yu Ziyi. There are 36 officials above grade seven, 16 Jinshi, and 92 Jinshi. There are 333 volumes and 582 volumes, of which "Sikuquanshu" contains 5 volumes and 78 volumes.

So far, the well-preserved ancient buildings include the official hall of Yu Ziyi, the magistrate of Guangzhou during the Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty, the heavenly official and noble minister of Yu Maoheng during the Apocalypse period of Ming Dynasty, the official book of Yu Maoxue, the right assistant of the household department during the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the official book of Sima Yushu during the Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and the tea merchant Yu Xianhui during the Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. These ancient buildings are jadeite with ecological civilization, exquisite workmanship, scientific and reasonable layout, warm in winter and cool in summer.

Tuochuan doesn't rhyme like Likeng and other places in human landscape, but from the perspective of painting and sketching, it is a good place to "see the peak from across the ridge". The trees here are in different shapes, the street guards are few, the houses are scattered and orderly, and the villages are surrounded by rice fields. If the rice is ripe and not harvested, we can get a good composition from different angles, gold, silver and white. This may be because it has become the first choice for many art colleges to take the sketch foundation.

In addition, I also want to mention the water of Wuyuan, which can be said to be the living soul of Wuyuan. Because of it, the scenery of Wuyuan is aura and picturesque. And the bridge across it adds a bit of charm. There is a wooden covered bridge in Tsinghua Town. Founded in the Song Dynasty, it has a history of more than 800 years. Named "Rainbow Bridge" because of Li Bai's "two water mirrors, two bridges falling on the rainbow", the promenade footbridge consists of six pavilions and five corridors. A pavilion is built on each pier, and the span between piers is called corridor, so it is also called corridor pavilion bridge. From a distance, the pavilion is slightly higher than the corridor, forming a patchwork, which is known as the most beautiful covered bridge in China.

The biggest feature of Rainbow Bridge is that its design is very scientific. First, the pier is like a half-boat, with a sharp front and a flat back, which is streamlined and can decompose the impact of flood on the pier. Second, the distance between piers is not equal. This design is determined according to the flood trend in flood season. The main stream passes through the pier with a long distance, which is beneficial to flood discharge and has little influence on the pier. Third, the masonry method between stones is exquisite. The piers are clamped together with stone strips of different sizes, and the gap is very small and the combination is very firm. For the convenience of maintenance, the whole bridge is divided into several parts, and each pavilion and corridor is independent, so such a fault will not affect the whole bridge.

In Wuyuan, scenery is everywhere around you, and the most beautiful scenery appears on your casual road. Sometimes when the car turns a corner, rows of houses with "white walls and tiles" are exposed in front of you, looming between ancient trees and green mountains; Sometimes when I look back, the mountains are everywhere, the clouds are lingering, and the pine and bamboo are continuous, just like a fairyland. Therefore, the profound traditional cultural accumulation and well-preserved natural resources attract tourists, and it is also a place for painters, art college students and so on to sketch. This visit also benefited me a lot. Our group will summarize and classify the data collected by their respective investigations, and burn the relevant electronic data and pictures into CDs for everyone to enjoy the data and further improve the utilization rate of the data.

4, the main problems

There are two problems. One is that I didn't know enough about the climate and environment of Wuyuan when I left, and I didn't make full preparations. Fortunately, I'm not sick or anything, otherwise it will definitely affect the normal investigation progress. This also provides a reference for my future similar investigation and exploration. Another problem is nothing, that is, the inspection time is a week or two earlier, and most of the trees on the mountain are still green, which may have a certain impact on oil painting, but the colors are not rich enough. If the maple leaves turn red later, there may be a great change in vision. Of course, on the whole, the harvest is still great.