Yan 'an Tourist Resort in Shaanxi: The First Oil Well in Chinese mainland

The first oil well in Chinese mainland is located in the west of Yanchang County. Yanchang Oil Plant, the predecessor of Yanchang Oil Mine, was founded in 1905. It is the earliest onshore oil field in China with a history of nearly one hundred years. There is oil in northern Shaanxi, which was first seen in the "Geography of Hanshu" written by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 32 ~ 92). "Gaonu (now Yan 'an) has water to burn". Shen Kuo (A.D. 103 1 ~ 1095), a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, made a survey of the oil in Yanchang area of northern Shaanxi during his short visit to Renyan Road, and wrote in Meng Qian's Bi Tan: "There is oil in Yanchang, and it used to be said that Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water. "The scientific name of" oil "was put forward for the first time. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing government was corrupt and weak, the national industry was underdeveloped, and the oil industry was almost blank. According to the statistics of customs trade in Guangxu's thirty-first and thirty-second years (1905 ~ 1906), the country has to pay 1500 million taels of silver every year, and imports "foreign oil" from European and American countries, which is a big fish escaping from the net. In the 21st year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1895), Germans came to Yanchang for oil exploration. After the exploitation attempt of German imperialism occurred in 1903, the extension of oil attracted official attention. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), in June,1/kloc-0, Shaanxi Governor Cao Hongxun asked Qin to extend the oil plant on a trial basis, which was approved by decree. 1June, 905, set aside 8.120,000 taels of silver as the start-up capital, and appointed Yin Hong, the alternate magistrate of a county, as the "general manager". Since then, the "Yanchang Petroleum Factory" has been established. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Yaichiro Sato, a Japanese technician, was hired to survey Yi Yan in Ximen, Yanchang County, and industrial oil flow was obtained, which was the first oil well in Chinese mainland. Refining crude oil in a small copper pot can produce 12.5 kg of lamp oil every day, thus the oil refining industry in China has sprouted. The expansion of the official oil plant and the commissioning of the first oil well in Chinese mainland ended the history of no oil production in Chinese mainland, filled a gap in the national industry in old China, and played a pioneering role in the oil development in China. Yan 'an is the birthplace of China petroleum industry, and Yanchang Oil Mine is the mother of China petroleum industry. After nearly a hundred years of development, Yanchang Oil Mine has become one of the top 500 enterprises in China. In 2000, Yanchang Petroleum Industry Group Company achieved an annual output of 65.438+0.04 million tons of crude oil, an annual processing of 3.49 million tons of crude oil, an annual sales income of 7.676 billion yuan and an annual profit and tax of 65.438+0.646 billion yuan. Petroleum drilling, production and processing have become the leading industries in Yan 'an economy. The first oil well in Chinese mainland was a great success for China, and now it has become a good place for people to know the history of oil development in China and visit it.