Humanities and History of Zhongshan Town

The town is also famous for its military dialect island. Military dialect, which is used together with Hakka, is like an independent language island, surrounded by Hakka. It has lasted for five to six hundred years. This peculiar phenomenon has provided linguists with a new research field, and rich cultural and tourism resources need to be developed and utilized.

In the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign of the Tang Dynasty, Tingzhou was established and two towns were established: Wuping (now Zhongshan) and Nan'an (now Pingchuan). In the third year of Nan Taibao's reign, Wuping and Nan'an were merged into Wupingchang. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994 AD) of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, it was promoted to Wuping County. Zhongshan was the original seat of the city government and county government. In the first month of the 24th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty, Wuping Qianhusuo was established, referred to as Wusuo. According to the People's Republic of China's "Wuping County Chronicle", there were thirty-five military personnel with surnames in the Ming Dynasty who were transferred to the military service. Among them, there are seventeen surnames from Jiangxi, except Wei from Yongfeng in Jizhou (now Ji'an) and Zhang from Dehua in Jiujiang, including Wang, Qiu, Ai, Li, Yu, Che, Wu, Zhou, Xu, Shu and Cheng. Fifteen surnames, including , Wu, Dong, Liu and Hong, all come from Fuzhou. In terms of pronunciation and vocabulary, Junjia dialect is similar to Gan dialect, but they have a strong sense of independence and independence from Wuping Hakka dialect. Hakkas who enter and become one of the military families are required to learn Military talk. This strong consciousness has allowed the military dialect to be passed down from generation to generation

Wuping Zhongshan Town is located in the Hakka area on the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. It is an ancient town with a thousand years of culture and is known as the "Little Capital". During the Tangning period, it was the administrative center and the seat of the county seat of Wuping County. It was formerly known as Wupingsuo, or Wusuo for short. The three villages in Zhongshan have tens of thousands of people and are only ten miles away, but they are home to more than 100 families with surnames, and they have been living there since the Qing Dynasty. This cultural wonder is unique in towns and villages across the country and has attracted much attention from academic and cultural circles at home and abroad. It is known as the "Hakka Town".

Wushu has three cities and two walls. The three cities refer to the old city, the new city, and Katayuki City; the two walls refer to Shikaku and Shengbokor. The folk proverb "Before there was an imperial city, there was a stone profile first" tells us that here there was a profile first, and then the city; the military building has 5 towers and 8 gates, including Ying'en Gate (East Gate), Yong'an Gate ( South Gate), Ping'an Gate (West Gate), and Changle Gate (North Gate) are the old city gates, while Tongji Gate, Chaoyang Gate, Shuimen, and Wenming Gate are the four gates of the new city. The city is surrounded by a moat, a teaching ground outside Chaoyang Gate of the new city, and a place for military training in the old days. Of these buildings, which lasted for more than 100 years, only the "Yingen Gate" remains. It was built in the 24th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1391), 26 years earlier than Tianan-door (1417). On the Yingenmen city, there is a majestic stone tower. When you climb up the city tower, you can have a panoramic view of the old and new cities, just like the old portrayal: "Step on the double bridges, forest lighthouses on both sides, fish are jumping along the city, and thousands of households are in the sky." As night falls, thousands of lights are on , like stars falling to the ground, brilliant and brilliant. The moss-covered city bricks on the city tower, the mottled building plaques, and the two remaining stone pillars are solidified history.

At the main thoroughfares and intersections of the old and new cities, there are rotating illusory, dazzling and beautiful lanterns. In the Hakka area, the Lantern Festival usually only lasts three days, but in Zhongshan it lasts for seven days, from the 13th to the 19th day of the first lunar month. "The lantern festival in Wusuo is like Nanjing City." It is said that this was chartered by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, and it was regarded as a tribute to homesickness. A little comfort for the soldiers. The lanterns here are very large in scale. Each lantern has two floors, like a small house. The upper level is full of colorful painted horse lampshades, including "celestial beings sending children", "three-yuan marriage", "eight immortals celebrating birthdays", "Zhang Sheng crossing the wall", "fish leaping over the dragon gate", "golden rooster crowing"... Each lantern has seventy-two lamp circles, representing seventy-two rows, and the lower level is a puppet stage. Visitors can watch the lanterns above and the puppets below, and there are often more than 10 puppets in such lanterns. It’s really dizzying to see.

The most outstanding historical legacy in the new city is the Xiang Pagoda (also known as Kuaiwei Pagoda) that still stands in the wind and rain. It was built in the Xinhai Year of Jiaqing (AD 1551). , the tower is 14.7 meters high. The tower is divided into seven floors, each floor is octagonal, from the first to the fifth floor. There are mutually named door holes around each floor. The top is capped on the sixth and seventh floors. The top of the tower has collapsed and the gourd is incomplete. The shaped top is still recognizable.

As you walk out of the ancient street, you can see the Yong'an Bridge on the Wuxi River. This is the largest of the ten ancient bridges in Wusuo, with a total length of 1114 meters, a height of 17 meters, and a width of 3.5 meters. It was completed in the 10th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1830). According to legend, when Mrs. Wang Mutang, a gentleman of the Qing Dynasty, was a philanthropist, she heard that the Zhongshan Tongji Bridge (which was the name of the bridge) was destroyed and ordered her descendants not to celebrate her birthday. After the reconstruction, the Tongji Bridge was renamed Yong'an Bridge. Twenty stone plaques were embedded in the middle of the eight arches: one said "Yong'an" and the other said "Mother's destiny." "Light". It has been passed down to this day.

The historical relics of Wusuo include one water and three ancient bridges, one tree covering three cities, seven whipping tigers, nine wells and eleven temples, nine sieges and eighteen villages, etc., backward People show its rise and fall for thousands of years.

The surnames of Zhongshan 102 that I collected are Liu, Zhao, Xu, Zeng, Lai, Zhong, Li, Lin, Ling, Ma, Ji, Dai, Niu, Wang, Pan, Cheng, Liao, Ou , Lan, Lan, Wei, Qiu, Zhou, Shi, Hong, Zhang, Qiu, Xie, Luo, Xiu, Wu, Jia, Wen, Chen, Yu, Ruan, Peng, Wu, Xiong, Yang, Rao, Nie, Dong , Hu, Su, Wang, Gong, Gu, Tao, Lu, Lu, Xu, Tong, Zou, Zheng, Lu, Wen, Wei, Wu, Xing, Ben, Zhuo, Li, Tu, Sun, Mo, Feng, Tian , Cao, Xia, Ni, Lian, Tang, Ai, Xiong, Neng, Shen, Fu, Li, Gao, Ye, Jiang, Song, Ren, Dai, Hua, Ji, Guan, Mai, Hou, Huang, Pu, Lian , Zhu, Cai, He, Shu, Yu, Long, Weng, Fan, Deng

Zhu Yuanzhang gave an order and sent 35 surnames

"The military counselor of the former dynasty Zhuge Liang, the military counselor of the later dynasty "Liu Bowen", Zhu Yuanzhang, who relied on his heroes to win the world, killed the heroes without blinking an eye. He bombarded the Qinggong Building, abolished the witch prime minister and decentralized power to six ministries, created a military post and put the Ministry of War and the Fifth Army Governor's Office in charge respectively... Emperor Zhu sat firmly on the golden chair and consolidated full power into one body, and the country's 1.8 million troops were organized in this way. In various guardhouses. Today's Zhongshan became the residence of Wuping Qianhu Station, and it was called Wusuo from then on.

Zhu Yuanzhang is really responsible for the first surge of Zhongshan surnames. At that time, the grass bandits in this area rebelled, and Emperor Zhu ordered the rebellion to be put down. The military attachés who looked at each other in disbelief were all full of fat, and they really didn't want to work around anymore. Zhu Yuanzhang turned his head and called for a large vat of raw pork with hair on it, saying that whoever could eat the raw pork on the spot would be exempted from the war. The 18 military attachés thought of their wives and children on the hot bed, gritted their teeth, and resolutely stood up and drank the blood. The 18 warriors were secretly rejoicing that they had survived the disaster. Unexpectedly, there are superiors above the superior. How can people calculate like the emperor? Zhu The emperor issued an imperial edict: "Those who eat fur and meat are also true tiger generals. They will all be crowned generals and go to Wuping. Anyone who violates them will be killed." At this time, the 18 military attachés were about to regret it. They only lamented that they were destined to use swordsmanship. You can't help it. Brother.

We were walking on Xianggongyuanjiawu Village Road in Taiping Village when we heard the legend about eating hairy pork. The whole village of Jiawu is descended from Jia Fu, the leader of the 18 generals. It is said that the place name Xianggongyuan was also granted by the imperial court. Not far from here are Xianggong Mountain, Xianggong Village, and Xianggong Tower. I don’t know if these are related to Jia Fu and his men. It was already dusk, and the twilight mist shrouded the place that was once a barren and wild place. The vicissitudes of six hundred years were floating in the twilight mist. When Jia Fu led 5,000 soldiers to the military base, he must have been in such a desolate mood. The grass bandits had already dispersed, but Emperor Zhu issued a death order: the soldiers were dispatched to colonize the area. Looking back at the capital, it is far away from thousands of rivers and mountains, and there is no chance for it. From then on, every year, every month, tears and rain wet the dream souls of five thousand wanderers. Only 35 surnames were left in the martial arts school, leaving only one amazing surname nation: "Yu Wei, Xu Shu, the rich king of Zhou, Qiu Hongcheng, Wu Ye, Xia Tao, Hou Maojia, Dong Zhu Moruo, they are really heroes who dare to eat raw meat."

Oh, no, what remains is the lantern show unique to Zhongshan to this day. In the Hakka area, the Lantern Festival usually only lasts three days, but in Zhongshan it lasts seven days, from the 13th to the 19th of the first lunar month. "The Wusuo Lantern Festival is like the city of Nanjing." It is said that this was authorized by Emperor Zhu, which can be regarded as a relief for the soldiers who are homesick. comfort. The lanterns here are very large in scale. Each lantern has two floors, like a small house. The upper level is full of colorful painted horse lampshades, such as "The Immortal Sends a Child", "Three Yuan Ji Di", "Eight Immortals Congratulate Birthday", "Zhang Sheng Crosses the Wall", "Fish Jumps over the Dragon Gate", "Golden Rooster Crows"... Paint the world’s scenery. There are seventy-two lantern circles in each lantern, indicating the number one scholar in the seventy-two rows. At that time, families with new members were filled with lamp oil, and the oil lamps were lit up, spinning and changing, and it was a dazzling display of beauty. Amid the cheers, the puppet artists with red faces escaped from the drinking order of "Full Fortune and Longevity, Three Stars and High Shine, and Four Seasons of Fortune" and got into the puppet stage below the lantern, where the classical opera with a drawl began. Visitors can watch the lanterns and puppets at the bottom, and there are often more than 10 lantern puppets like this, which is really dizzying. "There are many joyous events in making lanterns, plastering paper and plastering paper carefully, there is news about the war, dragon lanterns and horse lanterns are shuttled around, bowls, gongs, basins and drums are combined with color plates, big cymbals and big gongs are played, sheng, flute and flute are played together, and the piano is played and sang "The music and the music are in harmony," this description of Lin Baoshu, a famous scholar in Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, is an image portrayal of Zhongshan Lantern Opera.

After the bloodbath of Wu Suo, the empty city completed the settlement of the common people

In the morning light, I stood in front of the remaining "Yingen Gate" of Wu Suo City for a long time.

There are three cities in Wusuo: Old City, New City, and Pianyue City. There are 5 towers and 8 city gates: Yingen, Yongan, Changle, Tongji, Chaoyang, Yongding, and Wenming , Water Gate, the city is surrounded by a moat, and outside the Chaoyang Gate of the new city is the training ground, a place for military training in the old days. Of these buildings, which lasted for more than 100 years before and after the Ming Dynasty, only the "Ying'en Gate" remains. The moss-covered city bricks, the mottled building plaques, the two remaining stone pillars of the collapsed city gate, and the unclear literature on the stone pillars all seem to tell a piece of frozen history: the bloodbath of Wusu City.

The day does not understand the darkness of the night. I can only close my eyes and appreciate the dark night of KB in the 5th year of Qing Shunzhi.

"It was a dark and windy night, and it was a day of murder and arson." It was a dark and windy night. The Qing army lit an uncivilized fire outside the civilized gate of Wusuo. The civilized gate was in the flames. It collapsed, and the Wusuo people who vowed not to surrender to the Qing Dynasty fled in all directions.

The Qing soldiers who had already been ambushing outside the other seven city gates were armed with swords and guns. The innocent heads rolled down like watermelons, blood flowed into rivers, and the smell of blood lingered for months. Except for the common people who had the courage to break out from the bright gate of civilization. Almost none of the rest survived. Some families simply disappeared, some families only had a seven-year-old boy who escaped among the corpses, and some families even had only a fetus squirming in the mother's belly. Thousands of ownerless bones were later buried together in a large grave, with a large stone inscription on the grave saying: "Ten Thousand People". This stone tablet is now treasured in the Wuping County Museum and has become ironclad evidence of that bloody history.

However, the strange thing is that the tragic massacre did not reduce the number of Zhongshan surnames. On the contrary, the Zhongshan surname experienced a second surge after the massacre. Perhaps it was because this was an empty city and the barren land was in urgent need of reclamation. After it was pacified, the Qing government called for refugees to come here to reclaim wasteland. For a while, many homeless refugees from all over the place came in droves. Some people with the surname Long and Zhu in Zhongshan moved from the distant Xundian Prefecture in Yunnan. Long Zhenhai, the ancestor of the Dragon surname, was a general. In the 6th year of Shunzhi, he was transferred to the military base. His subordinates came with him during the expedition, and a group of people with the surname of Yunnan settled in Zhongshan. Hakka residents from neighboring prefectures and counties also flocked in. The founder of the four surnames Lu Lin, Su and Zhang moved from Jinfeng, Yongding County, together with four families. The four surnames founded the business and have lived in harmony for hundreds of years. In order to prevent their descendants from forgetting the difficulties of starting a business, the four surnames must eat taro as the first dish during the Chinese New Year. This has not changed for hundreds of years and has become a local legend.

Soon, the fleeing aborigines moved back one after another. After all, it was hard to leave the land. The seven-year-old boy Zhang Chengjing escaped from the pile of corpses. When he grew up, he married a wife and had children, extending the Zhang family lineage. And the story of the posthumous son who won the imperial examination twice and brought glory to the main court is even more inexplicable. Hong Wencan's family, young and old, all became unjust ghosts in the massacre. Only his wife Qiu returned to her parents' home and survived. Qiu remarried to Zhong while she was pregnant, and gave birth to a boy who was extremely intelligent and won the imperial examination at the age of 16. The overjoyed stepfather wanted to celebrate him at the ancestral temple, but was stopped in the street by his clan members. Juren, who finally knew his life experience, gave up everything and returned to his family, reviving his family business in Zhongshan. Two years later, he won the imperial examination for the second time under the name of Hong Zhongyi. After that, he helped his half-brothers Zhong Yezong and Ye Ji study and pass the exam, which became a good story for a while. . Who would have thought that the Hong family in Wuping County, with a population of nearly 10,000, would continue to prosper because of this posthumous son. There is still a proverb in the countryside: "Hong Zhong's high hall will be famous for generations."

The one who fled far away After returning, the newcomers took root and experienced two big leaps. Zhongshan, a rare "people's town" in Chinese history, was finally formed.

One is history, the other is reality, I want to say...

For several days, I lingered on every piece of land in Zhongshan. There are so many historical relics in my mind, such as three ancient bridges over one river, three cities covered by one tree, tigers beaten with seven whips, nine wells and thirteen temples, nine surroundings and eighteen villages... The ancient sites are silent, but they are there. It shows the rise and fall of "Baixing Town" for thousands of years. "Common People's Town" is a lucky place. Many enthusiastic people, including county and town leaders, government departments, retired employees and even illiterate farmers, love "Common People's Town". Zhongshan's development is led by tourism, and its splendid Prospects, it seems that there is no need to say more.

It’s just that I seem to think more.

Zhongshan, a city that has gone through thousands of years of vicissitudes, how the people have stood up again after the bloody storm, how they have arduously rebuilt their foundations, are those figures who have fought hard and endured no return, still lingering in our hearts today?

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Zhongshan is a place where history and reality are intertwined. Numerous monuments support today’s splendor. What steps should be taken today to expand tomorrow’s splendor?

Zhongshan is a rare place in the country where ordinary people live together. , hundreds of surnames coexist harmoniously and happily, what kind of cohesion does it rely on? What enlightenment can this have on the construction of our socialist spiritual civilization.