A tourist destination with siege effect

Cities have tourist destination attributes. From the day it was born, the city has been a paradise for shopping and enjoyment. The natural, historical and cultural relics and heritage accumulated by the city make every modern city have a certain unique tourist attraction; the eight elements of tourism include an optimized combination of food and drink, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping, entertainment, marketing and environment. , making the city have a strong tourism function and become a tourist destination for those who pursue urban tourism experience. The city also has the attribute of being a tourist source. Generally speaking, urban residents have a stronger pursuit of tourism experiences than non-urban residents, have higher fixed incomes, and have relatively autonomous leisure time. Therefore, they have relatively strong tourism travel rates and high tourism consumption capabilities. Modern tourism planning almost always targets the tourist source market in cities.

The "Besieged City" effect formed by duality

After reading Mr. Qian Zhongshu's "Besieged City", you must remember the love phenomenon revealed in the novel: "Love is like a city, outside People want to get in, and people inside want to get out. Isn’t life a city?” This can be used as a metaphor for the “siege” effect caused by the duality of urban tourist destinations.

The tourism economy is a flow economy. There are two important flows of urban tourism. One is the inbound tourism flow received by the city. The longer tourists stay in a city, the more they consume, and the greater the cash flow caused. Overnight tourism flow is of particular importance. The second is the city’s outbound travel flow, including urban residents’ regional travel, domestic travel, and outbound travel. For the growth of the urban economy, the economic impact of outbound travel consumption in other places seems to be negative, but it has a significant learning effect. It has cultivated a group of discerning tourist groups with high-quality tourism experience and will bring the world outside the city to the city. Bringing the wonderful tourism experience and tourism development and service experience back to the city can promote the brand cultivation of urban tourism attractions and the improvement of tourism experience and service quality.

“People from outside want to come in”, forming a tourism flow into the city (city); “People from inside wanting to go out”, forming a tourism flow out of the city (city), which is the effect of the “siege” effect on tourism flow. At the same time, it also manifests in space as the "siege" effect of tourism infrastructure configuration, forming the city's central recreational business district or tourism business district (CRBD/TBD/CBD) and the city-ring recreation belt (CRBD/TBD/CBD) in a small and medium-scale space. ReBAM); forming a composite core-edge structure in a large and medium-scale spatial range. The formation of the "siege" effect is governed by objective laws and has its own specific dynamic mechanism.

(1) Demand-driven

Tourism demand for urban tourist destinations depends on tourist status and preferences (income/travel methods and types/level and type of tourism experience/tourist destinations type), the distance between tourists and the source of tourists (economic distance such as time, cost/cultural distance such as homogeneity, heterogeneity/service cost and quality/seasonality). At present, China's per capita income has exceeded US$1,000, and the release of residents' tourism consumption has entered a new stage of well-off vacation. With the large scale of domestic tourism market demand and the continuous growth of outbound tourism demand, seeking a larger market share has become the most fierce competition in tourism development in various places. Chinese people who have entered a moderately prosperous society have begun to have 114 days of holidays, and can spend 1/3 of the year in leisure, which contains huge potential for tourism market demand.

The demand for new tourism market segments shows three typical characteristics: First, leisure sightseeing and vacation tourism are still the dominant consumption patterns of mass tourism, with a strong emphasis on knowledge, authenticity, novelty, and ecology. The consumer demand for high value-added tourism products such as event tourism, adventure tourism, sports tourism, ocean tourism and other new tourism spaces and tourism methods are increasingly favored by people; secondly, conferences, exhibitions and tourism promote each other. Business exhibition tourism and urban tourism have become new competitive heights for industrial upgrading and structural adjustment in many cities; third, tourism consumption is gradually developing in the direction of personalization, familyization and family affection, and the pursuit of tourism value goals has changed from the traditional three S (Sunshine-Sunshine). ; Sea - seawater; Sand - beach) is transforming into the three Ns (Nature - nature; Nostalgic - nostalgia; Nirvana - detachment). Urban residents tend to choose leisure and vacation-type tourism to relax their spirits and return to nature; rural residents hope to have Luxurious and modern urban tourism experience; package tours are increasingly challenged by self-service or self-driving tours; tourists expect a unique travel experience and pursue personalization, diversity, and participation; eco-tourism has become fashionable.

The "siege" effect of tourism is driven by the demand of tourism market segments and continues to deepen, creating a variety of tourism activities.

(2) Supply inducement

As a tourist destination, a city must have elements or service supplies (tourism attractions) that meet tourists’ experience needs. All supplies are the result of process accumulation, including both natural process accumulation and historical process accumulation, which together constitute natural and historical relics and heritage; there are also service supplies that provide process and scene experience. The city's natural resources and environment, infrastructure and high-end buildings, location and accessibility, hospitality etiquette and cultural resources, including festivals, events, exhibitions, image, brand, media, comprehensive strength... will all bring temptation to tourists. or attract. Supply responds to demand, and urban tourism flows emerge spontaneously.

(3) Marketing driven

Tourism products, like other products, are greatly affected by marketing. People live in the modern media era, and overwhelming marketing advertisements, tourism festivals, and cultural and sports activities have a subtle impact on tourists. The formation of tourism traffic is closely related to marketing drive.

(4) Urbanization process

Industrialization and urbanization are two important paths to achieve the goal of modernization, and are also important driving forces for the growth of urban scale and strength. Cities grew from small to large, and finally became metropolitan cities, benefiting from the promotion of urbanization. The "siege" effect of tourism is both a process and a result in the process of urbanization.