Tourism development and protection

A brief history of tourism resources development

Boudoir first appeared

Longhu Mountain is a famous Taoist mountain with a long history. There are rich cultural relics and scenic spots here, but this treasure has been hidden in the mountains and forests for many years, and no one knows it. It was not until the 1980s that boudoir first appeared.

On April 1984 and 17, Xinhua News Agency published the article "Longhushan Tourist Area Worth Developing" written by Zhang Xiangting (Xinhua News Agency reporter) and Cheng Guansen (Deputy Secretary General of Yingtan Municipal Committee and Deputy Director of Municipal Committee Office). In addition to giving it to the top leaders of the central government, it also issued 1 copy to China *. On April 28th, Secretary Bai gave instructions in the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee: "Please read it by Zhou Luanshu. I remember Comrade Luan Shu once wrote a special report on this, which didn't attract my attention. It is suggested that Comrade Shu Shu and the Foreign Affairs Office and relevant comrades study and formulate a practical opinion, which will be implemented after discussion by the provincial party Committee and the provincial government. "

On June 17, Yingtan City established Longhushan Scenic Area Administration and Longhushan Tourism Development Company. On June 28th, the provincial party committee and government 1 1 departments and relevant experts submitted the Report of the Forum on the Development Planning of Longhushan to the provincial party committee and government. The report was approved by the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government on February 22nd, and distributed to all localities at 1985. The document pointed out: "The development and construction of Longhu Mountain Scenic Area is an important tourism undertaking in our province, and all relevant parties should strengthen coordination, work together and make great contributions." This provides a green channel for solving the problems encountered in the development of Longhu Mountain.

1 985 May1day, Longhu Villa opened to the outside world and began to receive tourists. In June 5438+in the same year 10, the provincial government approved Longhu Mountain, Shangqing Palace Site, Tianshifu, Saltwater Rock and Cliff Tomb as key scenic spots in the province. At the end of that year, the Department of Landscape Architecture of Tongji University and the Longhushan Scenic Area Administration of Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province completed the overall planning of Longhushan Scenic Area, and determined the contents and measures for the construction and development of Longhushan Scenic Area.

Create a national scenic spot

1In April, 983, Shitianfu of Longhu Mountain was announced by the State Council as a national key temple protection unit. 1In August, 988, the State Council approved Longhu Mountain as a national scenic spot, and Longhu Mountain emerged. In 2000, Longhu Mountain was listed as a national forest park and rated as a national "4A" scenic tourist area. Since then, Longhushan has started a new course of tourism development.

In March, 20001year, Longhushan was approved as the first batch of national geoparks in China, taking the lead in completing the overall planning of geoparks. Jiangxi Geological Survey and Research Institute conducted a comprehensive geological survey of Longhu Mountain. Experts agree that the landscape types of Danxia landform in Longhu Mountain are rich and diverse, and it is extremely rare to carve landforms. Relying on Luxi River, Bishui Danshan Natural Corridor has extremely high aesthetic value and geological and geomorphological research value.

In June, 20001year, the tomb group of Xianshuiyan Cliff in Longhu Mountain was rated as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Since 2004, Longhushan began to declare the national natural and cultural heritage, strengthened the management, protection and monitoring of Longhushan, and updated and set up scenic spot identification signs and explanation boards. Longhu Mountain is not only one of the areas with the best development of Danxia landform in China, but also has profound cultural background and rich human landscape. It is famous at home and abroad for its clear water, the origin of Taoism and the "three wonders" of cliff tomb culture, and has high natural science, humanities and landscape aesthetic value. Experts believe that Longhu Mountain is an important habitat for a large number of ancient, endemic, rare and endangered species, distributed in the most complete and typical virgin forest ecosystem at the same latitude in the world. It is an outstanding example representing the process of biological evolution and the relationship between human beings and the natural environment. Longhu Mountain is the birthplace of Taoism, the only local religion in China. The simple thought of Taoism advocating nature and its development law is in the same strain as the concept of sustainable development that we advocate today. All these are enough to show that Longhu Mountain meets the standards of national natural and cultural heritage. In July 2006, Longhu Mountain was successfully rated as a national natural and cultural heritage.

Won the title of "World Geopark"

World Geopark is a natural area which is mainly composed of geological landscapes with global special geological scientific significance, unique rarity and aesthetic appreciation value, and integrates other natural landscapes and human landscapes. It is not only a tourist area with high scientific grade, but also a key protected area of geological relics and ecological environment, and an important base for geological scientific research and popular science education.

The application of Longhushan World Geopark began in 2003. After four years of preparation and construction, the hardware facilities and management level of Longhu Mountain Scenic Area have made great progress, and it has become a domestic first-class and internationally renowned tourist attraction. It has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to build tourist trails, service facilities, scenic spots, geological relics protection and park publicity. The decoration of the Millennium ancient town, the expansion of the ecological parking lot in the scenic spot, the elaborate laying of the tourist trails in Ren Xian, the setting of tourist signs marked with multi-language on exquisite ceramics and anticorrosive wood, and the construction of five-star hotels are all refreshing.

The author visited Guifeng.

Yingtan Municipal Government hired East China University of Science and Technology, Jiangxi Geological Survey and Research Institute, China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, China Geological University (Beijing) and other units as technical support to carry out comprehensive research on the protection of geological, geographical, biological and geological relics in Longhu Mountain, build geological museum, compile application materials, revise tour guide words, carry out tour guide training, design scenic spot signs, compile academic literature collections of Longhu Mountain, and make academic introductions for domestic and foreign experts who have come to inspect and review one after another.

The newly-built geological museum shows visitors the vicissitudes of Longhu Mountain for hundreds of millions of years, with rich exhibits and beautiful layout. It has become an important scenic spot and popular science base in Longhu Mountain Scenic Area, and is highly praised by United Nations experts and tourists. Professor Paul dingwall, an expert of IUCN and scientific consultant of the United Nations World Heritage Center, wrote an inscription praising: "This is one of the best geological museum I have ever seen in the world, and it provides an excellent introduction to Longhu Mountain." Professor Wolfgang Eide, an IUCN expert with the reputation of "the father of the world geopark", wrote an inscription: "geological museum in Longhu Mountain is a wonderful gate to the charming scenic spot". Professor chris wood, an expert from IUCN, wrote an inscription: "A very attractive and interesting museum with interesting and impressive exhibits."

Danxia landform and tourism development in Longhu Mountain

Tim Kosky, an expert from IUCN, visited geological museum.

On March 25th, 2007, Longhushan passed the "National Examination" with the second place in the domestic evaluation meeting of the World Geopark organized by the Ministry of Land and Resources, and became one of the two candidate sites of the World Geopark recommended by the China Government to the United Nations in 2007. In August, in the report submitted by UNESCO experts after their field trip, Longhushan received the highest comprehensive evaluation. On June165438+1October1day, 2007, at the fourth evaluation meeting of world geoparks held by UNESCO in Langkawi, Malaysia, Longhushan was finally unanimously approved with indisputable strength and won the title of "World Geopark", becoming the only one in China that year.

This is the second scenic spot in Jiangxi Province to win this honor after Lushan Mountain, which marks that Longhu Mountain has gone abroad and entered the ranks of world-class landscapes, which is of great significance to further enhance its international popularity and influence, effectively protect its geological relics and promote the development of local tourism.

Willing to choose the brand of "World Natural Heritage"

20 10 On August 2nd, another exciting news came from Brasilia: At the 34th World Heritage Conference, "China's Danxia", consisting of six places, namely Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi, Guifeng Mountain in Guangdong, Langshan Mountain in Hunan, Chishui Mountain in Guizhou, Taining Mountain in Fujian and Jianglang Mountain in Zhejiang, was officially listed in the World Heritage List. "China Danxia" has become the 40th World Heritage Site in China, and it is the third world heritage brand obtained by Jiangxi after Lushan successfully declared the world cultural landscape and Sanqingshan 1996 declared the world natural heritage. Longhushan started the application for World Heritage at the end of 2006, and pursued its dream for four years. Now it's finally realized!

From June 5 to February, 2006, the Ministry of Construction hosted the "Seminar on Danxia Landform Application for World Natural Heritage in China" in Changsha, which kicked off the application of Danxia Landform for World Natural Heritage. Subsequently, it was decided to "bundle" several Danxia landform scenic spots, such as Danxia Mountain in Guangdong Province, which fully demonstrated the formation and evolution of Danxia landform, to declare "China Danxia" World Natural Heritage, and Professor Peng Hua from Sun Yat-sen University served as the head of the expert group for the declaration.

In May, 2007, the management committee of Longhushan Scenic Area and the management committee of Shangrao Guifeng Scenic Area jointly established the "Leading Group for Longhushan-Guifeng to declare the world natural heritage of Danxia landform in China", which marked the comprehensive start of the application of Longhushan to the world natural heritage. Donghua Institute of Technology was hired by the World Heritage Application Leading Group to write the first draft of the application text and the publicity album, which were submitted to the Danxia landform application conference held in Changsha, Hunan Province in September for discussion, and sent to experts attending the third World Natural Heritage Conference in Emeishan, Sichuan Province for review on June 5438+065438+ 10.

From June 5, 2007 to1October 38, 2007, the Jiangxi Provincial Government established the World Natural Heritage Management Committee of Jiangxi Province, with the vice governor as the director and Zhang as the deputy director. It has a declaration office under the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, which specifically guides the declaration of Longhushan Scenic Area and the management of the province's heritage.

June 5438+October 2008 10, Longhushan released the Implementation Plan for China's Danxia Landform-Longhushan-Guifeng to declare the World Natural Heritage, and invited experts from the Provincial Geological Survey Institute, the Provincial Wildlife Protection Bureau and the Provincial Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute to further investigate, revise and improve the declaration text.

In July, 2008, experts from IUCN, such as Wolfgang Eide, chris wood, Paul dingwall, and Tim Kosky, came to Longhu Mountain and made a field trip to the World Heritage Application. The international expert group visited the main scenic spots of Longhu Mountain, such as Xianshuiyan, Xianren City and Elephant Trunk Mountain. , investigated the geology, geomorphology and biodiversity here, and studied its scientific value. After investigation, the expert group believes that the natural culture of Longhu Mountain and Guifeng Scenic Area is very well combined, which is a typical representative of Danxia landform of middle-aged and elderly people in China. At the same time, the tourist facilities in the scenic spot are complete, and the local residents have formed a good interaction with the tourism development in the scenic spot, so they are fully qualified to become the leader of China's Danxia Joint Heritage Application. At the same time, the expert group also suggested that the protection of the naturalness and integrity of the scenic spot should be strengthened, and the buildings that affect the landscape should be relocated and rebuilt as soon as possible.

Danxia landform and tourism development in Longhu Mountain

The author accompanied Tim Kosky, an expert from IUCN, on a field trip.

Danxia landform and tourism development in Longhu Mountain

The author made a field investigation.

Wu Xiaojun, then deputy mayor of Yingtan City, accompanied IUCN experts to inspect Cheng Yongsheng, Wu Jun County, Xiannv Rock.

In September 2008, the comprehensive text of Danxia in China written by Professor Peng Hua of Sun Yat-sen University was formally submitted to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.

On June 5438+ 10, 2009, with the approval of the State Council, "Danxia in China" was included in the only project submitted by the China government to the UNESCO World Heritage Center in that year, and six districts, namely, Danxia Mountain in Guangdong, Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi-Guifeng, Chishui in Guizhou, Taining in Fujian, Langshan in Hunan and Jianglang Mountain in Zhejiang, were identified as the first batch of nomination areas for China's Danxia World Heritage.

20 10 August, the 34th World Heritage Conference was held in Brasilia. Approved by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, "China Danxia" was awarded the title of "World Natural Heritage".

Talking about the feeling of "applying for the World Heritage", Wu, the former secretary of the Longhushan Management Committee, summed up four words with deep feelings: leadership attention is the guarantee, mass support is the foundation, multi-party linkage is the joint force, and hard development is the driving force.

During the application for World Heritage, Longhushan carried out large-scale environmental renovation with the focus on improving the management level of scenic spots in accordance with the standards and requirements of the World Heritage Convention and the World Heritage Operation Guide. A new tourist service center integrating cultural relics exhibition hall, Taoist culture museum and numerical control center has been built. The network video monitoring system can monitor the scenic spot in real time. Large-scale afforestation and ecological restoration projects were carried out, which greatly improved the tourism ecological environment of the scenic spot. Opened a new tourist route of 10 km. New monitoring stations (stations) for atmosphere, hydrology, geology and forest fire prevention have been built with high standards. Leisure squares, parking lots and rest pavilions have been expanded, and environmentally friendly trash cans, signs and scenic spots have been added. At the same time, the environmental protection small train was purchased, which increased the carrying capacity of the scenic spot, improved the environmental protection carrying capacity and enhanced the service capacity. Strictly control new projects around historical buildings, and relocate and dismantle a number of buildings and facilities that conflict with Danxia relics to ensure the harmony and unity between buildings and the surrounding environment. Distribute publicity books to residents around the scenic spot to raise people's awareness of natural heritage protection and increase their understanding of the value of natural resources.

Visitor Service Center Guo/photo

World natural heritage is the top brand of world natural resources. "Becoming a world heritage is not the end, but the starting point, and it is the starting point for Longhu Mountain to achieve effective protection and higher level development!" Li Yunru, former director of the Longhushan Management Committee, said. Longhushan people are full of ambitions, flying high towards a higher level of effective protection of natural resources and first-class ecological scenic spots.

Beautiful scenic environment Zhu/photo

Tourism characteristics

Geological science research, cliff tomb exploration

Tour route: Xianrencheng-Xianshuiyan-Elephant Trunk Hill.

Ren Xian Town, Xianshuiyan and Elephant Trunk Mountain are the most concentrated places of Danxia landform landscape. Danxia Shizhai, Shifeng, Cliff, Liang Shi, Flat Cave, Vertical Cave and Collapse are very rich and lifelike.

Longhu Mountain is the birthplace of cliff tombs in Southeast Asia. On the precipice of Xianshuiyan Cliff, there are cliff tombs in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, next to Luxi River, which is amazing. Who is buried in the grave, why should it be buried on the cliff, and how can the huge coffin be put into the cave? So far, no one has given an accurate answer, which has become an "eternal mystery".

Antique coffin-carrying performance Zhu/photo

Danxia landform and tourism development in Longhu Mountain

Mountaineering and viewing Zhu/photo

Taoist cultural tourism

Tour route: Shangqing Ancient Town-Dashangqing Palace-Master Tian-Zhengyiguan.

There are many places of interest in the ancient town of Shangqing. On the ancient street of Shangqing, which is about 2000 meters long, there are many scenic spots, such as Changqing Square, Family Temple, Master Tian, Land, Tianyuande Drugstore and Catholic Church. Rows of stilts and docks along the river make the town look like a water town in the south of the Yangtze River.

Tianshifu is the place where Shi Tian lived and worshipped in the past dynasties. Dashangqing Palace, located at the eastern end of Shangqing Town, is the place where Shi Tian explained the teaching methods and preached, and is known as "Fairy City" and "Land Appointed by the Hundred Gods". Zhengyiguan is located at the foot of Longhu Mountain, facing south, facing the mountain and facing the water, with peculiar feng shui. It is the place where Zhang Daoling, the founder of Taoism, studied alchemy.

Master Tian Zhu Jinsi/photo

Shangqing Palace Dismounting Pavilion Zhu/photo

Tour of Range Rover in Luxi

Tour route: Shangqing Ancient Town-Jiuquzhou-Zhengyiguan-No Mosquito Village-Salt Water Rock.

Luxi River rafting is the best route to visit Longhu Mountain. Jiuquzhou on the north shore is an agricultural eco-tourism park with lush trees, fragrant flowers and fruits, and wooden office buildings embedded in it, just like a paradise.

Luxi rafting Guo/photo

JOE Mosquito-free Village is surrounded by mountains and waters, with beautiful peaks. The trees in the village are lush, the blue waves are rippling in front of the village, ships are shuttling, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the climate is mild. There is a strange phenomenon in the village that mosquitoes can't be seen all year round, so it is called "mosquito-free village" and is an ideal summer resort.

Surrounded by mountains and waters, there is no mosquito village Zhu/photo

Natural oxygen bar tour

Tour route: Shangqing Ancient Town-Tianmen Mountain.

Tianmenshan eco-tourism area is located in the southeast of Shangqing ancient town, which belongs to the volcanic landform of late Jurassic. Here, mountains and valleys alternate with each other, with continuous peaks, flowing springs and waterfalls. Trees are everywhere, lush, rare birds are singing, rare animals are relaxing, and the air is fresh. It is an excellent place for sightseeing, leisure, vacation and scientific research.

Danxia landform and tourism development in Longhu Mountain

Tianmenshan oxygen bar Jiang/photo

academic research

Longhu Mountain has a long history and culture, and has left rich cultural relics and folk literature and art for thousands of years. "Danzao rises white smoke during the day, and the red leaves and autumn books are sealed. There are twenty-four rocks in the sky, and a chicken crows through the clear clouds. The wind calls Shan Gui to serve, and the moon shines on Hengwei. Jiang Xun Yao Cao, the cave is deep and people swallow Danxia. " Wang Zhenbai, a famous poet, used the word "Danxia" for the first time to describe the landform characteristics of Rock 24 in Longhushan in the Ganning period of Tang Dynasty (AD 894), which was also the earliest word to describe Danxia landform in the history of China. "Wanfeng compete, Wan Gu contend. The waterfall flies obliquely and the vines are upside down. " The beautiful scenery of Longhu Mountain, first described in this way at the beginning of China's classic Water Margin, has enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad since the Ming Dynasty. Xiangshan Academy and Dieshan Academy have a long history, and their academic achievements stand out in Jiangnan. Xu Xiake, a famous geographer in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Xu Xiake's Travels: "Turtle Peak is a strange peak with rugged rocks, which means that Turtle Peak is better than Yandang Mountain."

Modern geological research began in the early 20th century. From 1929 to 1949, Gao Ping, Weng, Xie, Huang, Liu Huisi and Wang Chaoxiang successively carried out sporadic geological work in this area. In the 1960s and 1970s, Beijing Institute of Geology and Jiangxi Regional Geological Survey Brigade carried out the regional geological survey of Shangrao at1∶ 200,000, established the regional stratigraphic system systematically and completely, divided the lithostratigraphic units of Danxia landform carrier "red bed", and studied the geological development history of this area. From the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 20th century, scholars such as Qin Huang, Peng Hua, Xu Shusen and Zhu Cheng, and experts from East China University of Science and Technology, Jiangxi Geological Survey and Research Institute, Jiangxi Normal University, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanjing University and Nanjing Normal University conducted a comprehensive, systematic and multidisciplinary study on Danxia landform in the park. Rich achievements have been made in Danxia landform characteristics, formation mechanism, landscape resources development, dangerous rock landscape development law and its prevention measures, which laid a solid foundation for the application of Longhushan World Geopark and World Heritage Site and the development of scenic tourism.

20 1 1 From August 28th to 30th, the 12th China Danxia Seminar and the Longhushan World Heritage Protection and Utilization Seminar were held in Longhushan. This is the first national academic conference on Danxia landform after China's Danxia was successfully listed in the World Natural Heritage List, and it is a landmark event in the history of Danxia landform and tourism development in Longhu Mountain. More than 60 Danxia geomorphologists from all over the country gathered together to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Danxia Geomorphology Tourism Development Research Association, plan the development direction of Danxia Geomorphology, explore the landscape characteristics, formation mechanism, standardized management and protection countermeasures of Danxia Geomorphology in Longhu Mountain, and make suggestions for the tourism development of Longhu Mountain. Professor Qin Huang, the leader of Danxia Geomorphology, and Professor Peng Hua of Sun Yat-sen University summarized the research status of Danxia Geomorphology in China, and reviewed the difficult and brilliant process of "Danxia in China" applying for World Natural Heritage and World Geopark. The Institute of Landscape and Tourism Development of East China Institute of Technology has been studying the Danxia landform of Longhu Mountain for a long time, and submitted a monograph 1 department and 8 academic papers for this conference. Guo and Jiang Yongbiao made special reports on "Dangerous Rock Landscape of Danxia Landform in Longhu Mountain and Its Sustainable Development Countermeasures" and "Features and Causes of Danxia Landform Landscape in Longhu Mountain" respectively. Zhu Zhijun, Jiang, Zhou, Jiang Yongbiao, Yin, Zhai and Wang Fan from Jiangxi Geological Survey and Research Institute introduced the differences and material sources of Danxia landform and landscape between Longhu Mountain and Guifeng Mountain. Professor Huang Qiang of Jiangxi Normal University put forward some suggestions on the protection of Longhushan heritage from the perspective of geological disasters.

National Danxia Geomorphology Seminar Held in Longhu Mountain

Longhushan Geopark has become the teaching and scientific research base of many universities, and is gradually becoming the representative area of Danxia landform research in China and even the world, and also integrating popular science education and scientific research into tourism development.

Camel Peak Examination Jiang Yongzhen/photo