Guangzhou-Dunhuang Travel Guide

Tickets to the Mogao Grottoes in 200 yuan. Of course, you have to go in June of 5438+ 10, which is a better season.

Dunhuang is dominated by Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the world's largest art treasure house, including desert wonders-Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring, Yumenguan and Yangguan, Han Great Wall and Beacon Tower, Hecang City, Shazhou Ancient City, Dunhuang Ancient City, Wowa Pool acquired by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Dunhuang Museum with cultural relics for studying the Silk Road.

The Mogao Grottoes, also known as the Thousand Buddha Cave, is 25 kilometers away from Dunhuang, the county seat of Dunhuang. It is located on the cliff to the east of Mingsha Mountain. It was built two years before Qin Dynasty (AD 366), about 1600 years ago. On the cliff 1.600 meters long, the caves are layered and connected from top to bottom, forming a large-scale stone Dunhuang grottoes. There are 492 caves in the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou to Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan and Xixia Dynasties, with murals of more than 45,000 square meters. In addition to the contents of Buddhism, the murals in Mogao Grottoes also reflected a large number of labor and production scenes at that time, such as fishing and hunting, farming, construction, transportation, pushing Dunhuang, rice milling, pottery making, etc. There are also production tools such as vehicles and boats, farm tools, spinning wheels and looms. There are pavilions, city palaces, pagoda shops, small bridges and flowing pavilions, which reflect the life of all social strata, the history of Dunhuang, the history of all ethnic groups and Buddhist historical sites, and provide valuable video materials for studying the politics, economy, military and culture of ancient China. Among the vast murals in Dunhuang, the most successful image is "flying". From the four walls to the top of the cave, it can be said that "every niche becomes a Buddha, and there is no wall that does not fly." If the Dunhuang paintings on the wall are arranged in a row, it can stretch for more than 40 kilometers, making it the longest, largest and richest gallery in the world.

Mingsha Mountain is the main attraction of Dunhuang tourist area and a wonder in the desert. Mingsha Mountain, also known as Shensha Mountain, is located about five kilometers south of Dunhuang District, Dunhuang City. It is formed by the accumulation of sediment in the whole mountain system and fluctuates continuously. It is about 40 kilometers long from east to west, 20 kilometers wide from north to south, and the highest peak is 250 meters. The peak is steep, the ridge is like a blade, and the hillside is wavy and sandy. Sand has five Dunhuang colors: red, yellow, green, white and black. Climb the sand mountain barefoot, take another half step, step by step with deep footprints, and climb to the top of the mountain with difficulty, and you can see the spectacular scenery of the vast sand sea. Then slide down from the top of the mountain, and the human body carries the sand flow and makes a rumbling sound, hence the name Dunhuang Shashan. According to historical records, in sunny weather, even if the wind stops and the sand is quiet, the sound of bamboo strings will be heard. People call this kind of landscape "the clear sound of sand ridges".

Crescent spring, like crescent-like spring water, ripples in the sand mountains. "Dunhuang County Records" records that the crescent spring "experienced ancient and modern times, and the sand was not enough for irrigation", "Although there was a strong wind, the spring was not covered by sand". The reason why sand flow flooded Dunhuang without spring water is because the sand dunes around the spring water are high from north to south and low from east to west, and groundwater mostly enters from the mouth of Xishan and exits from the mouth of Dongshan. The wind turns with the mountain, blows in from the southeast entrance, spirals rapidly, carries fine sand, flies up the hillside and blows out from the northwest entrance. This special long-term wind direction has caused the rise of Dunhuang with gravel and the moonlight feeling of Dunhuang scenery. In spring, the water plants are overgrown, crystal clear, blue waves rippling, long rain does not overflow, long drought does not dry up. Legend has it that there are iron-backed fish and seven-star grass in Dunhuang in spring, which can lead to a long life. Therefore, Crescent Moon Spring is also called "Medicine Spring".

The West Thousand Buddha Cave is located 35 kilometers away from Dunhuang City, west of Mogao Grottoes, and it is also a part of Dunhuang art. The Dunhuang Grottoes were dug on cliffs along the way, so it is impossible to find out the excavation date. Presumably, it is basically the same as Mogao Grottoes. There are 16 existing ancient caves, of which 1-3 caves are Tang caves; Caves 4-8 are Wei caves; Cave 16 belongs to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of its Dunhuang has collapsed, and the murals are not clear.

Anxi Yulin Grottoes, also known as Wanfo Gorge, is located in Qilian Valley, 75 kilometers southwest of Anxi County, and about 50 kilometers away from Dunhuang City. As a part of Dunhuang art, it is also called a sister cave with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. There is no way to confirm the age of this cave. According to its background and Dunhuang system, it should not be later than the Mogao Grottoes. Judging from the style of the existing murals and the titles of the inscription list of visitors, there were excavations and paintings in the Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan and Qing Dynasties. The holes are dug on the gravel on both sides of Yulin River, with 30 holes in the east rock, 30 holes in the west rock 1 1 hole, and the distance between east and west rock 100 meters. Main caves 4 1, murals 1 ,000 square meters, painted sculptures 100 pieces. There are Shuixiakou Grottoes, Dongqianfo Grottoes, Changma Grottoes, Hongkouzi Grottoes, Anquanhe Grottoes and Xia Han Grottoes scattered around, all of which are branches of Yulin Grottoes. Murals include magnificent giant paintings, lifelike single Buddha statues, numerous rare birds and animals, exotic flowers and herbs in Dunhuang, as well as pictures of farming, marriage, feasting, chess, wine making, iron smelting, music and dancing. Under the wall and in the middle of Dunhuang corridor, there are portraits and titles of supporters.

Yangguan is located 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City, and Yumenguan is 88 kilometers northwest of Dunhuang City, which is an important pass of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "listed four counties, according to two customs", it has become a key exchange place between China and foreign countries. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Send the Second Envoy of Yuan Dynasty to Anxi" that "there is no reason to persuade you to drink more, and there is no reason for people to go out of Xiyangguan", and Wang Zhihuan wrote in the poem "Go out to the Great Wall" that "why should the strong flute blame the willow?" "Spring Breeze But Yumenguan Pass" not only depicts the scene of the two customs at that time, but also makes the two Guan Mingyang all over the world. Yangguan is south of Yumen Pass, so Dunhuang City is not easy to find. Only on a red Dunhuang gravel peak in Dunhuang stands an ancient beacon tower. There is no broken walls on the ground of the site, but there is a hardened ground between sand dunes and traces of the wall foundation of Dunhuang. Looking at the south of Dunhuang on the stage, there is a sunken place called "Tomb Beach", where you can find the fragments of stone age tiles. Yumenguan, commonly known as small house pancheng. According to legend, Hetian jade was transported into the Central Plains, hence its name. Yumenguan ruins is a small square castle, rammed by intact yellow clay walls. There is a door in the west and a door in the north. Dunhuang looks like a cave because the wall soil is peeling off. The remaining area is about 600 square meters. The wall of Dunhuang is 24.5 meters long from east to west and 26.4 meters wide from north to south. The remaining height of Dunhuang is 9.7 meters, and the wall is 3.7 meters wide. There are 1.3-meter-wide walkways around the top of the city, and there are 83 cm-wide paths in the southeast corner of the city. There are still sites around Dunhuang Camp, Dunhuang Fort and Dunhuang Ancient Pagoda. Looking northwest from Yumenguan Castle in Dunhuang, the ruins of the Han Great Wall in Dunhuang and the existing Dunhuang beacon tower are clearly visible.

The White Horse Temple in Dunhuang is located in the ruins of the ancient city of Dunhuang. It was built for Dunhuang to commemorate the white horse that Kumarajiva, a famous monk in Dunhuang, rode. The tower has 9 floors, with a height of12m and a diameter of about 7m. The building structure is made of adobe with columns in the middle and coated with grass mud and lime. The bottom of Dunhuang is octagonal, wrapped in Dunhuang bricks, each corner is three meters, and the second to fourth floors are folded and overlapped. There are prominent chest nails under the fifth floor, all around. Above are the petals of Dunhuang Lotus. The sixth floor is covered with almsgiving and the tower. The seventh floor of Dunhuang is the phase wheel. Dunhuang at the top is a six-purpose inclined brake disc with a wind chime hanging on each corner.

Suoyang City is located in the middle of Dunhuang Valley of Shule River, about 50 kilometers southeast of Anxi County, Dunhuang City. It is a border town on the ancient road connecting Jiuquan and Dunhuang, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. The historical small Dunhuang said that the Hanjiang Pass, Qinglong Pass, Kafangzi Pass, Zhucui Pass and Chicken Foot Pass in Xue Journey to the West are important checkpoints around Suoyang City, and the story of Xue Family has been widely circulated so far. The original name of Suoyang City is "Kuyi City". Later, Dunhuang was trapped here because Ren Xue, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, went to the West. When the food ran out, he used the rich local Cynomorium to fill his hunger and saved the lives of soldiers, so he changed his name to "Cynomorium". Dunhuang city in Suoyang consists of two rectangular main cities, east and west. Dunhuang city is about 9 meters high and 5 meters wide, all made of mud. The area of the west city is about165,000 square meters, and that of the east city is about170,000 square meters. There are two city gates in the west, Dunhuang in the north, about 15 meters wide, and there is a winding path at the edge of the city to reach the city head. When you climb the building, you can vividly see the ruins of the ancient city in Dunhuang. Dunhuang, with broken walls outside the city, continues to loom, with beacon towers, watchtowers and watchtowers stretching for miles. The castles, forts, antlers and challenge rings on the city walls are still intermittent. There are no buildings in the city, only broken walls, sometimes not. Piles of charcoal bricks are piled like hills in Dunhuang. These legends of carbon deposition were used by marshal Su Bao of Hami when he was stationed in Suoyang with his soldiers, cooking stoves and casting weapons.