How do young European artists save a city?

Original title: European literary youth saved a city with a museum.

Although nearly 80% people in Helsinki oppose the Guggenheim Museum's "invasion" of the city, they have to admit that the museum completed the "rescue plan" for Bilbao at the end of last century.

Save the city, save the city. The global chain of private museums put away their posture, turned to second-and third-tier cities in Europe, set up branches in the declining Spanish port city of Bilbao, and relied on Picasso and Kandinsky's paintings to attract tourists, drive industries, stimulate domestic demand, stimulate the economy, benefit the tertiary industry and revive the city. ...

Everything seems to be shouting to Helsinki from a distance: Hey, can museums "save the city"? Facing the temptation of urban renewal, is Helsinki willing to accept Guggenheim?

Bilbao has pleasant scenery, including forests, mountains, beaches and coastal scenery, which attracts countless tourists for sightseeing and leisure every year. Figure/figure worm creativity

"This is a cultural journey of European literary youth."

/kloc-In the 6th century, Bilbao, together with Barcelona and Valencia, formed the three external windows of Spanish maritime hegemony. Subsequently, the rise of the Netherlands and Britain embarrassed Spain on the Iberian Peninsula twice. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, the sovereignty of the sea area was abandoned, and Bilbao also declined. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, cities stumbled into iron ore and coal mining, thus striding into industrial society.

However, due to the single industrial structure of industrial cities and the impact of new energy and new fuels since the 20th century, the economic development of Bilbao lacks new growth points. Coupled with the unexpected flood of 1983, the city became riddled with holes and the environment was bad. At that time, talking about the title of "European steel and shipbuilding center city" would make people laugh.

Bilbao used to be a maritime settlement in the Basque country of Spain, which was famous for exporting iron ore and manufacturing ironware. Figure/vision china

How to transform industrial cities in the post-industrial era? Feng Yuan, a scholar, believes that since museums, zoos and expositions formed the cultural beginning of modern society in the19th century, multiculturalism has replaced the industrial system and become the mainstream trend of social development. Unlike/kloc-before the 9th century, museums were relatively hidden and only for members of the national royal family to watch. The appearance of large-scale public museums (such as Louvre) symbolically announced that the general trend of developing cultural interests in modern society has arrived. For a city with declining industry like Bilbao, it is particularly important to abandon the industrial leap of reinforced concrete and embrace global multiculturalism.

"After all, Bilbao is different from new york and Paris," said Feng Yuan. In new york and Paris, the positioning of global metropolis has taken shape, and the cultural industry is only a procedural part of it, not a killer weapon that can save cities from fire and water. "Bilbao is different. Culture, collection, art and even tourism have been temporarily abandoned under the rhythm of industrialization, and now it is time to pick them up. "

Sculptor Luis Bourgeois's Okumo has become another symbol of Guggenheim in Bilbao. Figure /hiart

So the Guggenheim Museum came. This is very important for Bilbao where 1300 is established. Due to its short history, few scenic spots, few celebrities and poor customs, this small town in northern Spain urgently needs to introduce a cultural project to personalize the city's business cards.

"This is a cultural journey of European literary youth." Many years later, the decision makers who introduced the Guggenheim Museum to Bilbao were so ridiculous. You can see paintings in the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao that can't be exhibited in other pavilions: Picasso, Kandinsky, paul klee, anselm kiefer ... The most attractive thing about a museum is not how many international exhibitions it has planned and held, but whether its exhibits and works can meet the needs of visitors. Obviously, the Guggenheim Museum can do it.

The Puli dog designed by Jeff Koons is located outside the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. Figure/vision china

How important is Guggenheim Museum to Bilbao? Let's look at a set of figures: 1997 Guggenheim Bilbao Museum officially put into use, with a total cost of 127 billion US dollars (about RMB 108 billion yuan). In the first year after the museum was built, Bilbao attracted10.3 million tourists, and the regional economic activities increased by 210.0 million dollars, of which 30 million dollars were collected by the local government.

At the turn of the century, museum direct ticket revenue accounted for 4% of Bilbao's total tax revenue, and related income accounted for more than 20%. In just six years, all the funds for the start-up project of the museum were recovered, which also brought 654.38+0.5 billion euros of income to the Basque region where Bilbao is located.

The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is called "the greatest building of our time".

The phenomenon that Guggenheim Museum changed Bilbao is called "Bilbao Miracle". In fact, what is even more amazing is the building itself of this museum. In the view of architect philip johnson, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is a rare masterpiece in architectural history, and even gives the highest evaluation of "the greatest building of our time".

Frank Gehry is arrogant and direct, and the Guggenheim Museum designed for Bilbao has become the standard template of Guggenheim's global chain model: gorgeous, exotic and glittering. The museum is located in the art district on the south bank of the Neville River, connecting the new old town of Bilbao. The building materials are glass, steel and limestone, which are composed of irregular hyperboloids covered with titanium alloy plates.

The overall shape of the exterior of the museum presents a hyperboloid that bends in all directions. As the sun shines, different bands of light are reflected from all angles. Against the Neville River, the three-story exhibition hall on the north side is more curved and dynamic.

The interior design of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is not inferior to the exterior, showing the unrestrained and dynamic beauty of Spain. Figure/vision china

Feng Yuan used to classify urban buildings in different periods based on the function and form of buildings. The architecture represented by the Arc de Triomphe in France shows the grand spirit of the country, which is called "style-ideological symmetry"; The architecture with prominent social status and rank, represented by the Chenjiaci in Guangzhou, is called "style-rank symmetry"; As the representative of CCTV building, the buildings designed by star architects are called "style-personality symmetry" in the post-modernism background at the end of the 20th century.

There is no doubt that Guggenheim belongs to the post-modern "style-personality symmetry" architectural model, and Frank Gehry's unconstrained style makes the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao look just right.

Different from the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, the Chenjia Temple in Guangzhou stands out in social status and rank, and is called "architecture with symmetrical style hierarchy". Figure/vision china

The interior design of the museum is not inferior to the appearance at all, showing the unrestrained and dynamic beauty of Spain: the curved surface of the top floor is layered, ups and downs, and struggles upward without restraint. So light can pour down and break up the momentum of simple geometric order.

"When you get here, you will have an impulse to take off your hat and throw it on the ceiling." Gary explained. 1989 Plic prize winner thinks that architecture and art should be "casual and agile".