How wide are the general first-class, second-class and third-class roads in landscape design? And how wide is the general river?

There is no fixed number for this, because the level depends on the size of the area you designed.

for agricultural sightseeing parks, 1m-2m is the first-class road, 5m-8m is the second-class road, and 2m-4m is the third-class road.

the river is more than 1m, depending on the specific situation.

Extended information:

Design content

The content of landscape design is very different according to the starting point. Most of the large-scale river basin management and urban master planning are based on geography and ecology; Medium-sized theme park design and street landscape design often start from the perspective of planning and gardening.

The relatively small city squares, residential green spaces and even residential courtyards are from the perspective of detailed planning and architecture.

But there is no doubt that these projects all involve landscape factors. The consideration of landscape factors in the planning and design process is usually divided into hard landscape and soft landscape.

As far as I know, hard landscape refers to artificial facilities, which usually include paving, sculpture, arbor, seats, lights, garbage bins and so on.

Soft landscape refers to artificial vegetation, rivers and other imitation natural landscapes, such as fountains, pools, pressure-resistant turf, trimmed trees and so on.

Combined with natural landscape

The main occupation scope of landscape architect:

Urban planning and design

Residential area planning and design

Urban park design

Urban square and pedestrian street design

Waterfront design

Campus, Planning and design of social institutions and enterprise parks

design of tourism and leisure places

design and management of national parks

landscape and regional planning and reconstruction of natural landscape

cemetery design

individual selection and layout

After the overall plant landscape type layout selection is completed, it is necessary to start the composition design of each plant landscape type, that is, to solve the problem of individual selection and layout of plants. The selection and layout of individual plants should mainly solve the following problems:

1. Selection of plant varieties,

2. Determination of plant size,

3. Determination of plant quantity,

4. Location of individual plants in the structure, etc.

The selection and layout of individual plants is more of a technical problem. Besides paying more attention to the knowledge of aesthetic design in the process of positioning in the structure, others tend to solve ecological and technical problems.

Therefore, solving the problem of individual plant selection and layout is often a procedural work.

1. Plant variety selection

The general procedure of plant variety selection is as follows:

(1) According to the data of plant landscape type layout, plant landscape type statistics table and plant landscape type composition analysis table, the structure of each landscape type is comprehensively analyzed, the plant types and requirements are determined, and the plant types and requirements worksheet is formulated.

(2) Analyze and determine the climate cold-resistant area of the allocated site and the main environmental limiting factors.

(3) According to the climatic cold-resistant area of the site, the main environmental limiting factors, and the plant types and requirements worksheet, the plant database data are paired and searched to determine the roughly selected plant varieties.

(4) According to the requirements of landscape function and aesthetics, plant varieties were further screened.

(5) Determine the main varieties of each plant type

The main varieties are varieties used to maintain unity and are the main framework varieties of a plant landscape type. Generally speaking, the number of main varieties is less (for example, 2%) and the similarity is high, but the number of plants is more (for example, 8%).

The cold tolerance level of the main plant varieties must be one level higher than that of the climate cold tolerance area of the site, and at the same time, they can have enough tolerance to the main limiting factors of the site.

the main varieties are divided into the main varieties of each landscape type and the main varieties of the design area, and the main varieties of the design area refer to the main varieties of the dominant landscape type (area or space) in the design area.

(6) Determine the secondary varieties of each plant type

Secondary varieties are varieties used to increase variability, with more varieties (8%) but fewer plants (2%). If necessary, the cold tolerance level of secondary plant varieties may not be higher than that of the climate cold tolerance area of the site.

If conditions permit or the cost is low, some plants with insufficient tolerance to the main limiting factors of the site can be selected.

the ratio of primary and secondary species is calculated and distributed according to each landscape type.

(7) Determining the number of plant varieties

In principle, the principle of multi-plant community is advocated, but the more plant varieties, the better, and no patchwork is allowed.

generally speaking, 15-2 species of trees, 15-2 species of shrubs and 15-2 species of perennial roots or grasses are enough to meet the ecological requirements. Of course, if the state has special provisions, it shall be handled in accordance with relevant regulations.

2. Determination of the initial planting size of plants

In China, there is no specific standard for the initial planting size of plants. It is more determined according to customer preferences and designers' habits.

Experienced designers can skillfully use some aesthetic and ecological methods to comprehensively determine.

Take the arbor as an example. Generally speaking, the arbor layer size abroad is a complete plant with a diameter of 6-8 cm. Considering the domestic custom, it is suggested that the tree layer size should be about 1-12 cm in diameter, and generally not more than 14-15 cm.

In order to meet the need of immediate effect, some skillful methods can be adopted, such as increasing the number of large shrubs (height 1 cm -25 cm), increasing the coverage contrast and so on. In the treatment of tree scale, the size gap between the largest and smallest plants should be shortened as much as possible.

3. Determination of the number of plants

Accurately speaking, the problem of determining the number of plants is highly related to the planting spacing. Generally speaking, the planting spacing of plants is determined by the mature size of plants. In the actual operation process, it can be adjusted according to the speed of plant growth, but the planting density must not be increased at will.

4. Positioning in the structure of plant landscape types

According to the composition of each landscape type and the characteristics of each plant, they are arranged in appropriate positions.

In this process, aesthetic design based on individual plants will be more involved.

It is actually a very complicated job to construct the group combination of plant landscape types from individuals. At this stage, if we can borrow some landscape types to form modules, we can greatly improve the work efficiency.

modules can be obtained by simulating nature, investigating and analyzing previous designs or designing modeling. Modules must be tested and demonstrated by aesthetics or ecology before being put into storage. Modules are like parts or semi-finished products in industrial products that have been systematically inspected and guaranteed in quality.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Landscape Design