Hot topics in the 2007 Jiangxi Civil Service Examination: Rural garbage problem

? Hot exam topic three: Rural garbage problem

1. Regarding this social problem, there are mainly the following backgrounds:

(1) According to data At present, the average domestic waste generated per person in rural areas of my country is about 0.8 to 1.0 kilograms per day, which is about 70 to 80% of that in cities and towns. With the substantial increase in rural industrialization and migrant population, the per capita waste generation in urban and rural areas is increasing rapidly and approaching a trend. .

(2) Our country is an agricultural country with the majority of the rural population. For a long time, due to the traditional social structure and production and lifestyle in rural areas, rural garbage has been reduced in quantity, single in composition, and easy to decompose. The total amount of garbage and ecological balance have been maintained by methods such as accumulation of chemical fertilizers, simple landfills or natural decay. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of my country's rural economy and society, the gradual establishment of farmers' modern lifestyles and the continuous improvement of urban and rural environmental protection requirements, coupled with the neglect of agricultural organic fertilizers, the rural garbage problem has become more and more explicit from recessive Highlight has become an unavoidable problem in the process of new rural construction.

2. Regarding this social problem, Teacher Dai Bin suggested that we should also pay attention to the significance of handling the rural garbage problem:

(1) Rural garbage treatment is conducive to improving the rural production and living environment. Let the broad masses of farmers enjoy the fruits of modern civilization as much as urban residents;

(2) It will help reduce various social problems and conflicts caused by environmental pollution and promote social harmony and stability;

< p> (3) It is conducive to improving the production and investment environment, attracting more people and property to gather in rural areas, especially the development and expansion of rural ecological tourism;

(4) It is conducive to waste recycling and accelerating the construction of a conservation-oriented society .

3. The main reasons for the difficulty in rural garbage disposal are:

(1) With the development of society, the types of rural garbage are increasing, and pesticide bottles, plastic bags and other garbage are very common. Difficult to decompose;

(2) There is a lack of garbage disposal facilities in rural areas, and villagers dump garbage randomly;

(3) Farmers have insufficient awareness of the hazards of garbage and have low environmental awareness.

4. Reference countermeasures:

(1) Dispose of garbage on-site through centralized sorting, comprehensive utilization, harmless treatment and other links.

(2) Draw lessons from urban community waste management methods and choose diversified rural cleaning measures that combine conscious collection, voluntary cleaning, paid contracting and property management according to the economic strength of different villages and towns. Conscious collection requires each agricultural and domestic waste to be put into garbage bags (tubs) to facilitate unified transportation and management. Compulsory cleaning means implementing the "Three Guarantees" of sanitation in front of and behind the house, and ensuring that one's own home is clean and tidy. Paid contract means that the village is divided into several sanitary areas and the village cleaners perform the sanitary contract. Property management is suitable for new rural communities and some rural areas with a high degree of urbanization.

(3) Method of in-situ reduction and classification. Food waste is treated ecologically on site. For non-food waste, on-site sorting is adopted, which requires villagers to first put non-food waste into non-food waste bins set up by the village, and then the cleaning staff will regularly transport the non-food waste to the village centralized storage yard for classification. In this way, it can not only effectively save processing costs, but also generate high-quality organic fertilizer sources and renewable resource recovery.

(4) Improve the organizational network. Improve the urban-rural integrated garbage disposal work network, accelerate the construction of a renewable resource recycling system, a garbage classification collection and transportation system, and a comprehensive garbage treatment system shared by urban and rural areas, and increase the rural garbage collection rate, removal rate, and processing rate.

(5) In terms of institutional guarantees, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of regulations and work plans related to rural environmental sanitation management, gradually establish and improve the daily cleaning, transportation and management systems for rural garbage disposal, and ensure that garbage disposal is organized and organized It can be relied upon, with full control and long-term management.

(6) In terms of configuration, we must adhere to the development direction of industrialization of waste treatment, implement open and low-threshold market access for waste treatment, and attract more industrial and commercial enterprises with strength and potential to invest in the urban and rural waste development market.

(7) In terms of means, attention should be paid to controlling waste generation from the source. By collecting excessive packaging taxes, solid waste disposal taxes, resource occupation taxes, etc., we will encourage production companies to scientifically dispose of garbage. Explore, study and formulate paid treatment methods for agricultural waste, guide farmers to classify and compost waste, and reduce the total amount of waste.

(8) Pay attention to cultivating farmers’ good lifestyles, guide them to consciously comply with requirements such as garbage classification and storage, and gradually form a new trend of “Clean Home, Start with Me”. It is necessary to standardize villagers' hygiene and cleaning conventions, mobilize more people to voluntarily participate in village hygiene and cleaning work, and widely carry out activities such as "Environmental Hygiene Knowledge into Farmers".