tourist resources

Altay region is rich in tourism resources and has great potential for development and utilization.

I. Overview of Tourism Resources

According to the national standard "Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources" (GB/T 18972-2003), the tourism resources in Altay are divided into 8 categories, 3 1 subcategory and 80 basic types. The main types, subtypes and basic types of tourism resources in Altay region account for 100%, 83.87% and 5 1.6 1% of the national tourism resources types respectively. The subcategory of tourism resources representing macro-structure belongs to rich level, and the basic type of tourism resources representing fine level belongs to upper-middle level.

1. Comprehensive evaluation of tourism resources

The tourism resources in Altay region are superior. There are 2 national nature reserves, 4 land open ports, grassland historical and cultural heritage represented by Altai Mountain rock paintings, Mongolian Tuwa culture and so on. It has the resources to build a world-class and national-level tourist destination.

1) has world-class natural tourism resources. The alpine scenery, glaciers, snow ridges, lakes, hot springs and rare wild animals and plants in Altay mountain area, represented by Kanas, have the resource conditions and foundation to develop Altay area into a national tourist attraction tourism product.

2) Historical and cultural tourism resources are unique. The rock paintings, stone carvings, ancient sarcophagus tombs and rich grassland cultural customs in Altay region have unique regional characteristics.

3) The special landforms formed in the arid natural environment in southern Altay constitute the basis of landscape tourism resources. The landscape of Gurbantonggut Desert is a typical landform of Ya Dan, a colorful city in Fuyun County, which developed in arid environment.

4) Have the conditions to carry out wildlife sightseeing. The flat and vast Junggar Basin and Kalamaili ungulate nature reserve are important habitats for wild animals and have favorable conditions for developing characteristic tourism. Beaver Nature Reserve, located in Qinghe, Altay region, is the only beaver nature reserve in China. Beaver, a rare animal in the world, is known as a "living fossil".

The evaluation of 339 tourist resources in Altay region shows that four of them have reached the top grade, namely Kanas Lake, Cocoto Sea, Irtysh River and No.3 Mine, accounting for1.18% of the survey; Excellent grade is 179, accounting for 25.80%; Ordinary class 160, accounting for 47.20%. The level of tourism resources is relatively high.

2. Classification and evaluation of tourism resources

According to seven kinds of tourism resources, such as eco-tourism resources, border tourism resources and scientific research and popular science tourism resources, the evaluation was made.

(1) There are abundant ecotourism resources.

There are Kanas National Nature Reserve, Kalamaili Mountain ungulate animal reserve at the autonomous region level, Burgen Beaver Nature Reserve at the autonomous region level, quintus Grassland Nature Reserve, Sukoko Wetland Nature Reserve and Liangheyuan Natural Ecological Reserve in Altay, Xinjiang.

Kanas Nature Reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve with an area of 558,800 hectares. Its main protection objects are Siberian flora and natural landscape. Kanas Lake Scenic Area includes three Tuwa primitive villages: Kanas Lake, Double Lakes and Thousand Lakes, Friendship Peak Glacier, Baihaba Village and Harmony Hanas Village. Kanas is a scenic spot with the strongest attraction, the highest taste and the best combination in Altay, and it is also a brand tourism resource in Altay. The original ecological environment of the valley forest from Keketuohai in Fuyun County to the source of Irtysh River, Diequan Valley in Fuhai County and Alashan Hot Springs is typical, which has the conditions for developing eco-tourism.

(2) Altay region has unique conditions for developing transnational tourism and border trade tourism in border minority areas.

In recent years, the frontier tourism resources in Altay region have been gradually developed and utilized. Altay region is bordered by Russia and Mongolia in the northeast and Kazakhstan in the west, which has good geographical advantages. The six counties 1 city under its jurisdiction are all open cities and counties, with four open ports, initially forming the embryonic form of border trade tourism development. Kanas Port, the only port in western China that can directly reach Russia, is under planning and construction.

Generally speaking, land border crossings have two functions: one is political and military function, and the other is economic and cultural exchange function. The economic and cultural exchange function of China's land border is in a dominant position at this stage. There are 12 nature reserves in China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan in Altai region, of which one in Russia is applying for world natural heritage. The cooperation and joint development of "four countries and six parties" in Altai region is conducive to the development of transnational tourism and border trade tourism.

(3) The grassland nomadic cultural tourism resources are abundant.

Grassland culture in Altai region, represented by rock paintings, stone statues, ancient tombs and deer stones, is famous at home and abroad for its "Grassland Silk Road" and "golden road". There are many rock painting resources, such as Sandaozi Stone Tomb in Qinghe, Chaikele Deer Stone, Turuk Rock Painting, Ercek Tomb in Kiriko, Altay City, Dorate Rock Painting, Tangbala Rock Painting in Fuyun County, Supt Stone Man, etc.

(4) There are rich tourism resources such as scientific exploration and popular science education.

Altay region is rich in characteristic tourism resources, among which Kanas Taigarin, Youyi Peak, Keketuohai mining area, Fuyun earthquake fault zone, silicified wood, dinosaur fossils, Irtysh River exploration and so on are all important characteristic tourism resources. Among them, the vein Keketuohai No.3 in Fuyun County has typical geological and metallogenic conditions and is known as the "World Museum of Geology and Minerals". Up to now, 86 minerals (including subspecies) such as lithium, beryllium, tantalum and niobium have been found in this vein, which is unique to China and rare in the world, and has great geological significance.

(5) The frontier ethnic customs are rich in tourism resources.

Altay region is a place where many ethnic groups gather, including Kazak, Han and Russian 13 ethnic groups, with rich ethnic customs and profound national culture. There are three ethnic villages near Kanas in this area, which are little influenced by modern people. Tuwa people and Kazak herders live there and have unique national characteristics. From Habahe County to Ahtobek, there are unique frontier scenery and ethnic customs. Hongshanzui Port in Fuhai County was closed for 4 months due to heavy snow in winter, and the conditions were extremely difficult. The Hongshankou border post here is one of the hardest border posts in China, and it is known as the "Snow Mountain Island".

(6) Precious stones, strange stones and other products are abundant.

The gems in Altay region are famous all over the country. Altay City, Fuyun County and Fuhai County are rich in many kinds of precious stones, including 9 categories of 2 1 species, especially aquamarine, tourmaline and purple-toothed tungsten. Fuyun and Habahe counties are two gold counties. In addition, there are many strange stones in Erqis River Valley in Fuyun County, which are good raw materials for making handicrafts. These are important shopping and tourism resources in Altay region, which can develop high-grade tourism commodities.

(7) Winter ice and snow tourism conditions are superior.

Altay region has the unique ice and snow resources to carry out winter tourism, which is the best area to develop ski tourism in the west, and has the resource conditions and advantages to build a ski sports base in the west of China. Altai Mountain is characterized by various forms, wide, moderate slope, good terrain, good environment, suitable altitude and temperature, etc. The wind is light in winter, and there are glaciers and snow ridges all the year round. The average winter temperature in Altay region is 0 ~ 2℃, with low temperature and long winter. In normal years, it snows in the middle and shallow mountainous areas from mid-June to mid-10/October every year, and the snow begins to melt in mid-April of the following year, 20 days to 20 days earlier than that in Northeast China. At present, the international brand of "the earliest origin of human skiing" has been initially formed, and a series of winter tourist routes and activities in Altay have been developed and launched. Four consecutive ice and snow tourism activities were successfully held, and various national alpine skiing competitions and ancient wool snowboarding competitions were held.

Second, the status quo of tourism development

In recent years, under the guidance of the national industrial policy, the tourism industry in Altay region has been highly valued by the leading departments at all levels in the autonomous region and region. Tourism bureaus have been set up in all counties and cities, and experts have been hired to plan the layout of regional and county-level tourism development. Altay region has invested heavily in tourism development such as Kanas Lake, Xiaodonggou Forest Park, Alashan Hot Springs and Wulungu Lake in Fuhai County. For example, Kanas scenic spot tourism project was listed as a key construction project by the autonomous region planning commission in 2000, with a total investment of 89 million yuan.

By the end of 20 12, there were two national geoparks in Altay, namely Kanas National Geopark and Cocotohai National Geopark in Fuyun County. There are two national forest parks, namely Gadengyu and Baihaba National Forest Park. There are five forest parks at the autonomous region level, namely Beitun, Fuyun Donggou, Jinshan Forest Park, Hualin Park and Grating Donggou. There are two national nature reserves of ungulates in Kanas and Karamaili. There are four autonomous regions, namely Kosu Wetland, Two Rivers, Quintas Grassland and Burgen Beaver Nature Reserve. There are 2 state-level cultural relics protection units, namely Erqiekeshi Tombs in Kiriko, Altay City, Lushi Tombs in Haizi, Sandao, Qinghe City, and 54 cultural relics protection units at autonomous region level 15 and county (city) level. There are six national industrial and agricultural tourism demonstration sites.

The city has 13 A scenic spots, 4 national agricultural tourism demonstration sites, 197 agricultural (animal husbandry) hotels, 27 tourist hotels and 7 star-rated hotels, with a daily reception capacity of more than 4,000 people. There are 2 tour companies, 2 tour convoys, 25 travel agencies, 65,438+005 tourist goods stores, more than 500 specialty restaurants, 3 S-class ski resorts and more than 4,000 tourism professionals.

In recent years, Altay region has launched a series of publicity activities such as Jinshan Summer and Ice and Snow Scenery Tour with the help of publicity and promotion platforms such as Wuqi Fair and Winter Expo, and invited mainstream media inside and outside the region to collect opinions, creating tourism brands such as Jinshan Yinshui, Kazak folk culture concentrated performance place, the earliest origin of human skiing and Kanas tourism distribution center in Xinjiang and even the whole country.

In 20 12, Altay region * * * received 4.75 million domestic and foreign tourists, an increase of 19.5% over the previous year, and realized a tourism income of 3.585 billion yuan, an increase of 20.22%. Among them, Kanas Scenic Area has received 632,900 tourists and achieved a tourism income of 890 million yuan.

Tourism in Altay has developed rapidly. In 20 12 years, the number of tourists and tourism income were 6.85 times and 14.20 times that of 2002, respectively. In 2005, the number of tourists and tourism income in Kanas Scenic Area were 20 1. 1 1 times and 2.02 times respectively (Table 6-2 1).

Table 6-2 1 Changes of Tourists and Income in Altay Region from 2002 to 20 12

Three. Problems and Suggestions in Tourism Development

(A) There are repeated constructions of tourism resources in Altay, and there is a tendency of homogenization in the development of tourism resources.

There are problems of low level and repeated development and construction in the development of tourism resources in Altay region and cities and counties, and there is a tendency of homogenization in the development of tourism resources. For example, the development of tourist resources such as Kanas Scenic Area and Xialonggou Scenic Area in Cocoto Sea Scenic Area should be clear about their different functional orientations. The status and taste of Cocoto Sea Scenic Area should be further improved to promote the tourism development in the eastern region. Haronggou Scenic Area takes Kanas Scenic Area as the leader, combines the development trend of western tourism, promotes its own development orientation, and forms a pattern of coordinated development with Kanas Scenic Area.

To actively cope with the transformation of tourism resources development mode in Altay region, it is necessary to scientifically analyze the target tourist market, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of tourism development and its competitiveness with homogeneous tourist destinations, form a tourism product system with market competitiveness for differentiated target markets, realize differentiated development policies for different cities, counties and major scenic spots, strengthen division of labor and cooperation, and build a four-season tourist destination in Altay region.

(2) The overall tourism pattern in Altay region has not yet formed, so it is necessary to adjust the tourism development model and optimize the tourism spatial pattern.

The development of tourism in Altay has changed from unipolar to multipolar, but the overall thinking of tourism development is biased and the big tourism pattern has not yet formed.

The development model of regional tourism needs to be adjusted and optimized urgently. At present, the development models of tourism resources in Altay region are mainly resource-oriented, market-oriented and product-oriented, and should be adjusted to image-oriented and industry-oriented in the future.

Altay region should enter the stage of regional tourism destination construction as soon as possible, build the whole region into a tourism destination, shape the overall tourism image and promote unified marketing.

From the perspective of shaping the tourism pattern in Altay region, we should change the limitations of the unique "polar core development model" in Kanas scenic spot and develop a "point-axis development model" to promote the formation of the overall tourism pattern in Altay region. According to the overall development trend of tourism in Altay region, scientifically determine the core scenic spots, with Kanas and Keketuohai as the leading spots, and Sandaozhaizi, Wuzhi Springs, Alashan Hot Spring, Wulungu Lake, Xialonggou, Baisha Lake and Shenshicheng as the leading spots. The spatial pattern of development is composed of national highway 2 16, national highway 2 17 and other tourism development axes, Altai culture axis, scenery axis of Irtysh River and northwest border tourism axis. Through the core scenic spots, key scenic spots and tourism development axis, several scenic spots will be driven to adjust and optimize the tourism spatial pattern in Altay region.

(3) There is a contradiction between extensive and insufficient development of tourism resources in Altay region, with a low degree of tourism product development and a single structure.

By the end of 2009, some high-quality tourism resources in Altay were extensively developed and left idle. For example, the development of tourist resources in Cocoto Sea Scenic Area is relatively insufficient, and the development of scenic spots does not meet the big market demand. Tourism products mainly focus on sightseeing, with insufficient market influence, and a diversified and competitive tourism product system has not yet been formed.

The development of high-quality tourism resources such as Sandaohaizi, Shenshicheng, Alashan Hot Springs and Xialonggou is seriously insufficient, and even some tourism resources are idle.

Tourism products in Altay are mainly sightseeing products, while leisure and holiday tourism products are relatively insufficient, resulting in a single tourism product structure. The main tourism resources in Altay region are ecological, characteristic and cultural tourism resources, among which the focus of development is sightseeing, and only a few leisure tourism and holiday tourism products have been developed, which can no longer meet the demand of domestic and foreign tourism markets for tourism products in Altay region.

(D) Affected by extreme climatic conditions such as cold climate, restricted by the idea of tourism development, the market competitiveness is weak, and the development of winter tourism products needs to be strengthened.

Due to the relatively high latitude and altitude, the average temperature in Altay is below 0℃ from 165438 10 to March of the following year. Due to the cold climate and the decline of tourism landscape conditions, Altay region has been in the off-season for more than six months throughout the year, resulting in nearly half of the time that tourism resources, facilities and human resources are idle, and the utilization efficiency of tourism resources is low.

Because Altay region is located in the northwest border, far away from the main tourism markets in eastern China, its market competitiveness is relatively weak, and it is limited by the idea of winter tourism development, so the comprehensive advantages of winter tourism resources have not been effectively brought into play. At present, the winter tourism products are mainly single leisure skiing, and the market brand has not yet been established. This has affected the investment in winter tourism to some extent. In the future, under the guidance of global vision, market and business philosophy, we should highlight local culture, embody Altay characteristics, pay attention to the construction of ecological civilization in tourist areas, gradually strengthen the development of winter tourism products, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of winter tourism industry.

(5) The market competitiveness of tourism in Altay region is relatively weak, and the radiation-driven ability of tourism needs to be strengthened.

First of all, the external objective conditions of tourism development (traffic, location, etc. ) restricts the development of tourism. Altay region is located in the northwest border of China, far from the central and eastern core markets, with high tourism costs and poor accessibility. Due to the lack of routes and flights, the contact with tourists around Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta and foreign tourists is poor. Tourists in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region mainly rely on expressways. Due to the long distance, the long-distance travel time of major tourist destinations is generally more than 6 hours, which leads to poor accessibility of tourist attractions.

Second, the lack of high-profile tourism brands is one of the main reasons that restrict the competitiveness of tourism development. At present, there is only one tourism brand with national influence in Altay, Kanas Scenic Area. In 2009, Kanas Scenic Area received 682,000 tourists, and realized tourism income of 368 million yuan, accounting for 22.72% and 32.00% of the region respectively, that is, more than 30% of the region's tourism income came from Kanas Scenic Area. However, compared with some large-scale tourist attractions in China, the reception facilities, reception level and reception scale of Kanas scenic spot in 2009 are still at a low level. In recent years, although the scale of tourism environment in Kanas Scenic Area has been greatly improved, there is still a gap compared with some domestic tourist attractions. For example, on 20 12, Yuntai Mountain Scenic Spot in Jiaozuo, Henan received 5.04 million tourists, nearly 8 times that of Kanas Scenic Spot.

Third, limited by the current stage of tourism development, the benefits of tourism need to be improved and the elements of tourism industry need to be improved. At present, the cost of travel, accommodation and transportation accounts for a relatively large proportion. The extension of catering, shopping and entertainment is not enough, and the expenditure of tourists' entertainment and shopping is relatively low. It is suggested to adjust the consumption structure of tourism, reduce the consumption cost of accommodation, transportation and tourism, and improve the consumption level of catering, shopping and entertainment.

Fourth, the radiation-driven role of tourist cities and scenic spots is relatively limited. Because the development of tourism in Altay region is still in the primary stage of development, the radiation-driven role of existing cities and scenic spots is limited, which affects the development effect of eco-tourism, rural tourism and poverty alleviation tourism.

(6) Tourism talents are scarce, and the talent incentive mechanism needs to be improved.

Altay is relatively rich in tourism resources, and the tourism industry is developing rapidly, but there is a shortage of tourism talents. This has also become a major obstacle to the development of tourism in Altay. Tourism development needs many fields such as tourism resource evaluation, tourism project planning, scenic spot development, marketing, tourism commodity development, tourism investment, etc., and talents in administration, enterprise, marketing, service, operation, planning and design, etc. At present, the number and quality of employees at all levels in Altay region are not suitable for the development of regional tourism, and it is urgent to establish an incentive mechanism for tourism talents. Earnestly improve the treatment of tourism professionals, and formulate relevant preferential policies in terms of salary, job promotion and job title evaluation.

(7) The contradiction between tourism and mining development is increasingly prominent, and it is urgent to take effective measures to solve it.

With the development of mining economy in Altay region, the contradiction with tourism has become increasingly prominent, which is mainly reflected in the relationship between mining and tourism on ecological environment protection. How to solve this contradiction is also an important topic for the rapid development of tourism in Altay region.

Human mining activities such as geological and mineral exploration, development and utilization in Altay region have threatened the fragile natural ecological environment in this region, and the contradiction between mining and regional environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. In accordance with the requirements of different functional zoning determined by the overall planning of regional, city and county mineral resources, and under the premise of protecting the ecological environment, carry out geological and mineral exploration and development activities in an orderly manner. For example, it is forbidden to explore and develop mineral resources in core areas such as natural environmental protection areas, scenic spots and forest parks. Using engineering measures to speed up the treatment of geological environment problems in surrounding mines such as nature reserves.