Saturation overload of tourism and its countermeasures

First, the main reason for the phenomenon of tourist overload in scenic spots

1. The increase of per capita disposable income in urban and rural areas and the implementation of the long vacation system have provided sufficient conditions for a large number of residents to turn their potential travel needs into real needs. The ability to pay and leisure time are two basic conditions for real tourism demand. Generally speaking, the higher the disposable income, the stronger the ability to pay for tourism. In recent years, the income level of urban and rural residents in China has been greatly improved. On the basis of meeting the basic needs of life, residents are constantly pursuing higher-level needs, and traveling abroad has become their main choice, which directly leads to the rapid growth of the total number of domestic tourists. In 2006, the total number of domestic tourists reached 65.438+0.394 billion, achieving the national goal of 65.438+0 per capita, and becoming the largest domestic tourism market in the world. In addition, the length of leisure time also affects the concentration of tourism demand. There have been 25 golden weeks since the implementation of the golden week system in China on 1999 National Day. During the long vacation, residents got a long leisure time, and the demand for tourism market increased sharply. People flock to famous tourist attractions, causing some famous attractions to be seriously overloaded.

2. The scarcity and non-renewability of tourism resources lead to limited room for the growth of the number of scenic spots in China, which objectively leads to insufficient tourism supply. On the one hand, tourism resources are irreplaceable, especially historical and cultural heritage and scenic spots, which have their own characteristics and connotations, and are difficult to replace each other, making tourism demand have obvious directionality, and everyone should go to good places. On the other hand, when planning scenic spots in some places, the future reception scale of scenic spots was not fully demonstrated, and the passenger flow management design of scenic spots was also unreasonable. Once the scenic spot is built, it is difficult to make a big breakthrough in its supply capacity in a short time. These two reasons * * * restrict the improvement of the tourism supply capacity of scenic spots, which will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of tourism overload.

3. There are short-term effects in the development and management of scenic spots, which are one-sided pursuit of economic benefits, neglect of planning and protection, and long-term neglect of the negative effects of tourism overload. Tourist attractions are essentially an economic resource, which can create economic value for investors. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of the development of tourist attractions is to obtain economic benefits and drive the surrounding residents to improve and improve their living standards. In practice, due to the development and construction of tourist attractions, the maximization of economic benefits is often pursued, while the protection of tourist resources in scenic spots is neglected. Even if the scenic spots are often in a state of tourism overload, it is difficult to take effective measures to adjust and improve tourism overload.

4. The sustainable development of scenic spots has not been widely valued, which leads to poor management and unreasonable planning of scenic spots. Some scenic spot managers, out of the need of business performance, pay close attention to the tickets and extra income brought by a large number of tourists, blindly emphasize attracting more tourists and pursuing market share, without scientific management and reasonable planning and development, but over-develop and utilize tourism resources and scenic spot facilities, ignoring the long-term development of scenic spots, resulting in long-term overload operation of scenic spots and serious damage to ecological environment and reception facilities.

Second, measures to deal with the overload of tourists in scenic spots

1. Plan the scenic spots scientifically and improve the maximum capacity of receiving tourists. Scenic spots should make scientific planning according to local conditions through serious investigation and study, rationally set up tourist routes and various functional areas in the scenic spots, improve the best number of tourists, and ensure safety and order when there are many tourists.

2. Strengthen the management and service of scenic spots and take effective measures to control the passenger flow during peak hours. The number of tourists in scenic spots can be reasonably controlled by implementing measures such as pre-sale of tickets or time-sharing entry. First, based on the best reception capacity of the scenic spot, advance daily tickets to effectively control the number of tourists; Second, adopt time-sharing system. Once the number of tourists in the scenic spot reaches the optimal reception capacity at a certain moment, we will choose to stop selling tickets until some tourists leave the scenic spot, and then allow new tourists to enter, so as to keep the number of tourists in the scenic spot within a reasonable range. Time-sharing access measures may cause dissatisfaction among tourists who have not entered the scenic spot, so it is necessary to make public explanations in advance and make careful and detailed plans.

3. Adjust the travel needs of tourists through various channels and measures, and guide tourists to choose their destinations reasonably. First, release information about the traffic, accommodation, climate and reception capacity of the scenic spot to tourists through television, internet, newspapers and other media, predict the possible tourist reception in the future, and provide reference for potential tourists to choose tourist destinations. For example, during the Golden Week, relevant departments and tourism enterprises release tourism-related information of major scenic spots and tourist cities to people through various media, providing necessary guidance for tourists to choose suitable destinations and divert tourists. The second is to use leverage such as ticket prices to regulate the number of tourists entering the scenic spot. For example, if the ticket price of scenic spots in peak season is low, increasing the ticket price in peak season will increase tourists' travel expenses, affect tourists' choice of tourist destinations and play a role in diverting tourists. The third is to strengthen the publicity and training of tourists' tourism knowledge, guide the rationalization of tourism demand, let people travel rationally and avoid blind crowding.

4. Strengthen government guidance and system construction, and strictly limit the phenomenon of tourism overload. Many scenic spots take the maximization of interests as the goal, ignoring the disadvantages brought by tourism overload. It is difficult to limit the phenomenon of tourism overload if we only hope on the consciousness of the scenic spot operators themselves. Government management departments should strengthen guidance, study and formulate a system for the treatment and punishment of tourism overload, protect the ecological environment and tourism resources, ensure the safety of tourists, improve the satisfaction of tourists and improve the quality of tourism.