A brief discussion on "Digital City"?

A brief discussion on "Digital City"_Bisen Youxin_Urban and Rural Planning_Architecture Chinese Network elaborated on the emergence of digital cities, demonstrated that digital cities can solve current urban problems, and analyzed the role of digital cities in Applications in urban construction, planning and management, and suggestions for building digital cities in my country.

1. The emergence of digital cities

Since January 31, 1998, US Vice President Al Gore (AI. Gore) made a speech titled "Digital Earth: Understanding Our Planet in the 21st Century" "Since the report, "Digital Earth" has become a brand-new concept that has become popular around the world and has attracted close attention from governments around the world. Developed countries have successively carried out theoretical research and related technical practices. When our country’s national leader *** met with academicians of the two academies on June 1, 1998, he proposed to pay attention to the research of digital earth; many experts and scholars such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology Conducted discussions on Digital Earth. Digital Earth has become the commanding heights of today's information technology development and has attracted the unanimous attention of all human society.

Digital city is one of the main aspects of Digital Earth applications and one of the most basic spatial levels of Digital Earth. As a concentration of population and economy, cities are the birthplace of modern high-tech and information technology, and are also the top priority of the Digital Earth. AI.Gore proposed the "Digital Comfortable Community Construction" initiative in September 1998, that is, the digital city. Some countries have begun experiments with smart buildings, “digital homes” and “digital communities”. Singapore, Japan and other countries have successively embarked on the demonstration and construction of "digital cities". The United States has built a number of demonstration projects for smart living quarters (digital communities), and about 50 cities in the United States are planning to build "digital cities." Although the research on "digital cities" has just started in my country, it has already gained a strong momentum of development. Shanghai has taken the lead and has begun the construction of its urban backbone ATM network. At the same time, it has also established an IP telephone system, e-commerce ICP (network content service providers), electronic communities and international telemedicine centers; Shenzhen, Zhuhai and other cities have initially built ATM backbone networks covering the entire urban area, and are developing in the direction of digital cities. It can be said that "digital city" is an important trend in future urban development and construction, and it is also inevitable for the development of an information society.

2. Digital cities are conducive to solving existing urban problems

Digital cities emerged with the development of information technology, computer technology, and space technology. In the physical cities we are familiar with, A city full of digital features is forming around us. This digital feature is penetrating into urban planning, construction, and management. Because the composition and operation of digital cities are different from traditional cities, this new urban structure can well make up for the operational shortcomings of existing cities and help solve existing urban problems.

2.1 Problems in contemporary cities

Economies of scale and agglomeration economies are the core driving forces of contemporary urban development. Correspondingly, some cities are highly concentrated in space, with a high concentration of population and material resources, a high concentration of economic components, scientific and technological elements, and a high concentration of transportation networks. Agglomeration is an inevitable requirement and result of industrial economy. It creates a prosperous urban economy and promotes human material possessions, but it also brings serious "urban diseases".

High agglomeration has affected the balance of population and environment in the city, causing a series of urban problems: dense buildings, tight housing, crowded roads, traffic jams, chaotic urban environment; soaring consumption of materials and energy , resulting in tight urban supply and shortage of energy and resources; increasingly serious noise makes people's heart beat faster, nervous, and irritable: the emissions of "three wastes" are increasing day by day, domestic waste is difficult to process, and environmental pollution is serious; the green area is shrinking, The natural purification rate of urban air is reduced, and the beautiful environment of the city is destroyed. Urban development urgently needs strong urban spatial layout regulation, reasonable population density, effective resource allocation, adjustment of industrial structure, and improvement of traffic conditions and environmental quality.

2.2 Digital City - Eliminating Disadvantages while Preserving Advantages

The emergence of contemporary urban problems is, on the one hand, the product of agglomeration economy, and on the other hand, the lack of understanding of urban laws, predicting the future of cities, and supervision caused by effective means of urban development. To solve urban problems, we cannot simply apply the method of "treating the head when it hurts and the foot when it hurts", but must start from a systemic perspective.

"Digital city" is another leap forward in mankind's understanding of physical cities and a description of the direction of urban development. Its essence is a unified digital understanding of the physical city and its related economic and social characteristics, and it uses digital means to process, analyze and manage the entire city. In a digital city, people do not need to gather in the city center. They can fully enjoy advanced information and realize online shopping and other needs through the Internet. Through developed networks, digital cities can make various economic factors relatively dispersed, reduce congestion costs, and improve urban efficiency. It can promote the coordination and smooth flow of people, logistics, capital flow, information flow and traffic flow in the city. It is the development direction to solve existing urban problems.

3. Application of digital cities

Digital cities are also called information cities and smart cities.

It represents the city and its various information in a digital way, including not only various direct information related to the spatial location of the city (such as topography, landforms, architecture, hydrology, resources, etc.), but also related population, economy, education, military and other social data, based on modern information technology, forming an intelligent urban information system. "Digital cities" have opened up a new horizon for understanding physical cities. Once completed, digital cities will play a huge role in urban planning, construction and management. Urban planners plan, construct, manage and provide services in a virtual urban environment with accurate coordinates, time and object attributes, just like walking on real city streets or flying in a helicopter to observe and design. Digital cities realize the intelligence of urban life, such as online shopping, distance education, online travel, etc. One of the fastest-growing applications currently is e-commerce (E.Business), which implements shopping, business transactions and other activities through the Internet. At the same time, various information from other cities, regions and even the world can be accessed through the Internet. All logical applications of digital city users (including government agencies, research units, enterprises and institutions, etc.) are presented through Web browsers (such as IE, Netscape, etc.). Users can complete query, analysis, cadastral management, urban planning and other services through the server.

The impact of "digital city" on urban planning, construction, management and service work is in all aspects, especially in the following aspects:

(1) Innovation of urban planning methods . At present, land use status maps in my country's urban planning work are all investigated manually, with large errors. Urban planning plans mainly rely on experience, and CAD only plays a drawing role in the planning process. This way of working is inefficient, and the quality of urban planning cannot be improved. "Digital City" can provide a new means for our urban planning work. Through the airborne sensors in "Digital City", a large amount of urban image information can be dynamically obtained. After efficient digital processing, the location information of three-dimensional urban objects can be extracted. Geometric information and attribute information can be obtained through certain integration methods

Basic drawings of urban planning. The above-mentioned maps can be managed through GIS (Geographical Information System) and can conveniently serve the process of formation, analysis and output of plans in urban master planning.

(2) Application in urban disaster prevention. Urban construction disaster accidents occur from time to time, which not only affects the normal life of residents, but also causes economic losses. "Digital City" can quickly and accurately monitor and forecast through the 3S system. When sudden disasters and accidents occur, GPS (Global Positioning System) and RS (Remote Sensing System) can quickly detect the place where the accident occurred and send relevant information to it. Quickly input the GIS system, which displays the geographical maps of the place of occurrence and nearby areas, such as drinking water sources, underground pipelines, building conditions, etc., and performs spatial simulation analysis on the obtained disaster information, conducts early warning forecasts, and formulates disaster reduction strategies.

(3) Modernization of urban management methods. Effective urban management is an important means to promote healthy urban development. The main advantages of "digital city" in urban management include: dynamically and quickly obtaining and storing information on urban planning, construction and management; quickly and accurately querying and counting urban management information, making it convenient for users to obtain all kinds of information ; Effectively conduct spatial analysis of urban information. "Digital city" is conducive to improving the scientific nature of government decision-making, improving the efficiency of urban planning, construction and management, and standardizing work, promoting the sustainable development of cities, and making government management and services shift from qualitative to quantitative.

(4) Application in urban construction. In terms of urban construction, it can prevent accidents such as pipeline bursts, leaks, and line interruptions during construction caused by unclear and inaccurate basic data such as geology and underground facilities. It can also provide support for site selection and optimization of major projects or projects, and engineering construction management. Provide accurate and comprehensive information services.

In the construction industry and real estate, it can provide information management services that are combined with various majors and combined with graphics and numbers for the production, operation and management of enterprises, improve the production and operation level of such enterprises, and improve the quality of residential and residential buildings. The environmental quality of the community enables urban residents to receive more effective service guarantees in production and life. In short, the application of "digital city" in urban planning, construction, management and service industries can improve work efficiency, improve work quality, and solve urban planning, construction and management problems in an integrated manner. It can bring huge benefits and is an important technical support for future urban development.

4. Suggestions for building digital cities in my country

Compared with developed countries, my country’s urbanization level is low and urban development is relatively backward. However, it should be noted that with the rapid development of our country's economy, the speed of urbanization is accelerating. In the past 20 years, relevant national departments have accumulated a large amount of relevant information and technical foundation for the establishment of “digital cities”. In the future, the construction of digital cities should pay attention to the following issues:

(1) Select small cities with good development conditions and small urban scale to carry out the preliminary practice of "digital cities". Hainan Province, Guangdong Province and other places have gradually launched digital city infrastructure construction work, which will have important reference and reference value for digital city demonstrations across my country.

(2) Increase the construction of my country’s urban spatial data infrastructure. The development and formation of digital cities mainly relies on the construction of national information infrastructure.

To realize the full sharing of urban information, it is necessary to establish an urban spatial data network system, build an urban spatial database, and build an urban spatial data exchange metropolitan area network to ensure the security and stability of the network.

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