Describe the development and present situation of farmhouse eco-tourism in the world with examples.

(1) Italy. Italy is one of the countries with the most developed tourism industry in the world, with rich cultural heritage and unique natural landscape. Agricultural tourism is a new force in Italy's tourism industry, which has developed rapidly in recent years. Italy established the National Association of Agriculture and Tourism in 1865, which formed the early agricultural tourism. After the development in 1980s and the maturity in 1990s, by the end of 1996, all the 20 administrative regions in Italy had carried out agricultural tourism activities, especially Tuscany, which received 200,000 domestic and foreign agricultural tourists every year.

② France. France is not only the largest agricultural country in Europe, but also a big tourist country in the world, which provides very favorable conditions for France to develop farmhouse eco-tourism. In 1970s, France set off a wave of "second houses" and opened up artificial vegetable gardens. Farmers all over the country responded positively, and started farmhouse tourism in succession, and set up a national joint operation organization. In recent years, the French have launched a brand-new "farm tourism" industry, which completely industrialized agricultural tourism. There are 1.6 million farmers in China who have set up family hotels for tourists to experience the fun of farm life. 1988, France established the agriculture and tourism reception service agency, and then jointly established the "Welcome to the Farm" joint management organization with specialized agricultural organizations such as the French Agricultural Operators Union, the National Young Farmers Center, the French Farmers Association and the Mutual Aid Alliance, which attracted many tourists to visit. Now, this kind of agricultural tourism can bring 70 billion francs to French farmers every year, which is equivalent to 1/4 of the national tourism income.

(3) Spain. Spain is the country with the most mountainous areas in Europe except Switzerland, and the natural conditions for developing rural tourism are good. Rural tourism in Spain started around 1986 and developed rapidly after 1992. At present, the growth rate has surpassed that of coastal tourism and has become one of the important components of Spanish tourism. Spaniards attach great importance to rural tourism, and 36% of them spend their holidays in more than 1000 rural tourist spots. Rural tourism has brought considerable changes to rural areas in Spain, and also greatly improved the facilities and environment in rural areas. Spanish farmers account for only 4% of the country's total population, but the agricultural output value is very high. In the past five years, rural tourism in Spain has increased by 93%, and 89% of the tourists are Spanish natives. This figure means that more than 2 million Spaniards leave the city for inland rural areas every year.

(4) the United States. In America, agricultural tourism is called "rural tourism". After the Second World War, especially after the 1960s, tourism has gradually become the most powerful and lasting industry in the world. Since the late 1970s, rural tourism has flourished in the United States.

This is because, on the one hand, the American government found that compared with traditional industries, rural tourism has less investment and greater benefits; It does not need to cause great damage to the environment, and even contributes to environmental protection; The technical requirements for employees are also relatively low. Rural areas in the United States have always been sparsely populated. Developing rural tourism not only makes up for the shortage of agricultural labor force, but also helps farmers sell agricultural and sideline products nearby. On the other hand, with the improvement of people's living standards, there is a psychology of exploring rural life and returning to nature. More and more tourists are not satisfied with a cursory tour of several window cities in the United States, but want to know more about the culture, history and scenery in the interior of the United States. Coupled with the general aging population, rural tourism is favored by more and more people in the United States.

Under this historical background, American agricultural tourism has made great progress. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the federal government and local governments at all levels in the United States regarded the development of tourism as an important means to revitalize the economy in agricultural areas. In order to survive and develop in the fierce market competition, farmers constantly innovate the contents and projects of rural tourism to attract more tourists. In addition to traditional activities such as picking fruits, raising small animals, fishing competitions, camping picnics, etc., green food exhibitions, rare animals exhibitions, farm museums, country concerts and other activities have been added, attracting a steady stream of tourists.

In 1990s, the economy of agricultural areas in the United States generally declined, but agricultural tourism became the only growth area. According to the statistics of the American Tourism Industry Association, during 2005-2007, 46% of American adults participated in rural tourism. In Hawaii, USA, in 2005, there were more than 4,800 farms in the state engaged in rural tourism, with an output value of more than 35 million US dollars, of which about 38% came from direct sales of agricultural products.

(5) Malaysia. 65438-0985, according to the plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia established an agricultural and forestry tourism area as an agricultural and forestry demonstration and ecological protection, and carried out agricultural tourism visits. 1992, July 2-9 will be designated as the "Flower Festival", with flowers as the theme to develop agricultural tourism. With the rise of flower production and the close cooperation of relevant government departments, the base and industrialization of flowers have been realized, which has promoted the development of tourism, thus attracting more tourists and making Malaysia's tourism industry achieve good results year after year. From 65438 to 0994, the foreign exchange income of tourism reached RM 9 billion, making it the tertiary industry. From 65438 to 0995, Malaysia successfully held the International Flower Show and became the authoritative international flower show in Southeast Asia.

(6) Japan. Compared with Europe, farm ecotourism in Asia started late. Among them, Japan's agricultural tourism developed earlier. It is characterized by combining the characteristics of local agricultural production, creating poetic pastoral scenery and setting up intimate and distinctive service facilities, thus attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. Japan's farm tourism activities are rich and colorful, and travel agencies organize tourists to participate in a series of highly experiential agricultural activities, such as transplanting rice in spring, harvesting in autumn, shrimp fishing, grassland grazing, cowshed milking and so on. Participants include researchers, students, staff, white-collar workers in the company, etc.

In Iwate Prefecture, Japan, there is a comprehensive private farm with a long history of 100 years, named Xiaojing Farm. Since 1962, the farm has opened up 40 hectares of sightseeing farmland. There are many theme areas in the farm, and the animal farm specializes in raising all kinds of poultry and livestock for people to watch and play, and at the same time, you can learn some feeding knowledge. Visitors can also buy freshly baked dairy products after enjoying the milking performance and cream processing in the pastoral house; The unique farm tools museum displays all kinds of strange farm tools, from ancient Japanese farm tools to modern machine tools, where visitors can learn about the history of Japanese agricultural development.

With the process of industrialization and urbanization, many sightseeing farms have sprung up in Japan. People can freely watch all kinds of fruits, vegetables, flowers and trees on the farm just by buying a ticket. At the same time, some farms provide interesting experience activities of picking, and they can also take away fresh fruits and vegetables.

From 65438 to 0979, Mr. Hiramatsu Shouyan, the former governor of Oita Prefecture, Japan, put forward the "One Village One Product Movement" with the basic concept of "basing on local conditions, looking globally, self-reliance, innovation and training talents". After more than 20 years of unremitting efforts, it revitalized the rural economy of Oita Prefecture and achieved remarkable results. In this movement, many villages vigorously publicized and promoted their traditional customs and culture, taking them as characteristic brands, attracting a large number of tourists.

In recent years, agricultural tourism has gradually warmed up in Japan. Every year, a travel agency in Tokyo organizes tourists to experience the life of farmers in the countryside and directly enjoy the benefits of nature, with the focus on transplanting rice in spring and harvesting in autumn. Tour groups going to the coast can also participate in rainbow trout fishing, kelp collection and processing and other activities.

(7) South Korea. South Korea's rural tourism started late. In recent years, many "sightseeing agricultural parks" and "resorts" have appeared in fishing villages around some big cities. These agricultural parks provide activities that urban residents can relax, experience and harvest, meet the leisure needs of urban people, and farmers also get considerable income from them. What is distinctive is that in some fishing villages, group tourists with more than 20 people are required to dine in the village canteen, while scattered tourists will be arranged to enjoy the idyllic New Year's Eve dinner in the homes of professionally trained farmers, so that tourists can eat happily and healthily. At first, most of these sightseeing agricultural parks were established spontaneously by farmers. With the improvement of urbanization level in South Korea, young people have entered cities to look for jobs, rural labor force has declined, income from growing food has been decreasing, and some houses of many farmers have been left idle. Therefore, under such an opportunity, some rural residents have started rural tourism such as farmhouse music, so that people from the city can come to the countryside to eat and take part in labor, and then charge their guests a certain fee. Unexpectedly, this kind of farmhouse tourism has been warmly welcomed by urban residents, and more and more people come to the countryside for this kind of leisure tourism on weekends or holidays. Due to the booming business, more and more farmers began to follow this form of farm tourism and run their own farms. Soon after, the agricultural department of South Korea also found that this tourism model is a way to increase farmers' income, so it vigorously advocated and promoted the development of rural tourism and formulated a series of policies conducive to the development of rural tourism. According to the information provided by Korea Rural Economic Research Institute, the market size of rural tourism and folklore in Korea was about 2,840 billion won in 5438+0 years in 2006, and reached 5 1 1000 billion won in 2005.