Tianjin folk poems

Speaking of folk songs, who can't say a few? In ancient times, such as "A Fang died in front of the emperor", "Small Shenyang fell, Jiaqing had enough to eat", "Open the city gate to welcome the monarch, and the monarch came without food", and in modern times, such as "widening the saw, widening the saw, singing a big drama in front of grandma's door ...", "You shoot one, I shoot one, and the rooster crows. You shoot two, I shoot two, and two rabbits practice painting ... "And so on, widely circulated. Ballad is a cultural phenomenon, which is a folk literature style created collectively by the general public and spread orally in a concise and rhyming poetic style to express their thoughts and wishes. Folk songs can fully reflect people's customs and habits and the aspirations of the bottom. Folk songs belong to the category of "oral traditional culture such as language" and belong to the category of national intangible cultural heritage protection. China folk songs have a long history.

And "Tianjin folk songs" can most vividly reflect Tianjin's regional characteristics and cultural essence. It is a "living fossil" that faithfully records Tianjin, a city with a history of more than 600 years. It is an image teaching material to understand Tianjin's history, culture, politics, economy, social form, people's life and urban development, and it is a very valuable cultural wealth.

Tianjin was originally an immigrant city. The Jin Dynasty named this area "Zhigu Village". Haijin Town was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was named Tianjin by Emperor Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, and three "Wei" buildings were set up to build Tianjin City. In the Ming Dynasty, most of the scholars stationed in Tianjin were Jianghuai natives, and then Qilu, Zhao and others moved in in large numbers, forming a situation of "five parties mixed with people" in Tianjin. The population of Tianjin is mainly composed of salt, fishing, Cao Cao, army, commerce, officials and workers. Tianjin has experienced different periods, such as urban development, dynasty change, invasion by foreign powers, Boxer Rebellion, Japanese invasion and people's government rule. Tianjin local songs produced in different historical periods have distinct characteristics of the times and unique regional colors.

Heping District is located in the center of Tianjin. Concession culture, street culture, merchant culture and dock culture all meet in Heping District. The advanced, open, inclusive and pluralistic characteristics of Tianjin culture can also be reflected here. Therefore, we have the responsibility to protect Tianjin folk songs.

We collected hundreds of Tianjin local songs, which were first born in the Ming Dynasty and later developed into modern times. They belong to the folk collective creation, handed down from generation to generation among the masses, and it is difficult to identify the specific author. These ballads have had a great social impact in Tianjin's urban and rural areas.

Tianjin local ballads can be roughly divided into five categories: labor ballads, current political ballads, folk songs, street ballads and humorous ballads, and each category can be subdivided into several small series.

Among the "labor songs", the songs that best reflect the regional cultural characteristics of Tianjin are the songs of salt, the songs of three stone workers and the songs of the porters at Gate 6. Yanmin's folk songs are far from the city center, so I won't say it. Sanshi, located near the old city of Tianjin, is the industrial cradle of Tianjin and North China. "Three stones, green flag, spread two miles away. It is convenient for Li Hongzhang, exhausted the quarrymen and ruined the ironworks owner. " This ballad explains the origin of three stone place names. There are other ballads, such as Three Stones and Three Treasures, Apprentice Suffering, Entering the Iron Factory, which are full of life and touching details, vividly reflecting the hard life of Sanshi workers in those years.

Tianjin was an important city of the Boxer Rebellion against Eight-Nation Alliance during the 1900 Gengzi Incident. We collected a number of Yihetuan ballads, such as "Men practice Yihetuan, women practice red lanterns, cut down telephone poles, rip off railway tracks, burn down the devil building and destroy the devil religion. Kill the foreign devil and then make trouble with Daqing. " The catchy words reflect the fighting spirit of the people at the bottom who dare to resist the invaders. During this period, foreign powers forcibly established the Nine-Nation Concession in Tianjin, and only Heping District (not called Heping District then) was established by Japan, Britain, France and other countries. Concession not only brought disaster and shame to Tianjin people, but also undeniably brought the concept of urban civilization management and promoted Tianjin's March into a modern metropolis. For example, there are many folk songs that reflect Belgian businessmen building trams in Tianjin, such as: "Four-way cable, white trams around the city, red cards and blue cards to the old station, yellow cards to the customs, and green trams around West Church." There is also: "The southwest corner of the tram company has invested more in setting up factories than the country." The bell rang as soon as the train started to call. Two tracks and one line, two huts running all over the street. Two points and three points for a ticket, the small brass horn is high. "Vividly recorded the far-reaching influence of trams on the land of Jingu at that time.

When it comes to Tianjinwei and Sambo, people will think of Drum Tower, Fort and Jingdang Pavilion. But there are other three treasures: "Tianjinwei, New Three Treasures, Forever, Nankai and Ta Kung Pao" (always referring to Li Yong, Jiuda Soda Factory and Nankai School). "Tianjinwei, Sambo, Youmei, Lao" (referring to Yan Xiu, Zhao Yuanli and Sun Juxian). There is even more funny: "Tianjinwei, the new three treasures: grinding scissors to blow the horn, the tricycle pedal down, the world bridge can be raised and lowered (read the sound of waterlogging)." The Universal Bridge, which is now jiefang bridge, was built by the French, and can be lifted and opened to facilitate the crossing of ships. You see, even ordinary craftsmen who grind scissors in the street follow the fashion and use musical instruments and trumpets imported from the west to attract business. Can't we have a glimpse of the social changes since the west wind spread eastward?

Among the more than 100 ballads in the genre of "landscape songs", there are three or five short sentences and hundreds of long sentences, almost all of which have their own characteristics. The first one is tasty, diverse in content, changeable in format, wonderful and beautiful. After listening, people will have a vivid, comprehensive and three-dimensional understanding of Tianjin's urban and rural general situation, historical evolution, local customs, cultural landscape, street folk customs and so on. For example, On Tianjin: "Tianjinwei, a good place, is more prosperous than the two rivers ..." It describes the five elements and eight achievements of Jingu in the Qianlong period, with plots and details, just like storytelling. The "theory" here does not mean theory, but refers to the local dialect, which means "speaking". Tianjin geographical zazi was born in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, "Zhili, Tianjinwei, DuDu Yamen security team. The official money bureau, the Chamber of Commerce and the Bank of Communications are now exchanging foreign exchange ... "Talking about Tianjin street names, merchants, interesting stories of celebrities, leisure and entertainment, local products, etc. There are descriptions and comments. The sentence pattern of "three, three, seven" is hundreds of lines long, almost in one go, and it is very artistic. Just like the Tianjin guidebook. There are also Tianjin Weiti and On Imperial Society, which are similar to the interpretation of Tianjin's "Little Encyclopedia". The text of Zazi and Lun is a unique song form in Tianjin, which is not available in other provinces and cities in China.

Street ballads are subdivided into diet ballads, craftsman ballads and beggar ballads. Like "diet ballads", ballads selling medicine and sugar are also very popular in Tianjin. Medicinal candy is a local snack in Tianjin, with dozens of varieties. Listen to this propaganda: "buy my medicine candy ... you take sour water, burp, and eat my medicine candy, and it will be done." Children are not naughty when eating, students can read more books when eating, old ladies can have grandchildren when eating, and old people can eat without sticks! " Can buying him a pill with sugar in his mouth have such a big effect? It's impossible. But the peddler's cries make your heart very comfortable, full of humanistic care and warm atmosphere.

Tianjin people are humorous, cheerful and playful. No matter how hard it is to make a living, you can always find pleasure in people's communication and add bright colors to ordinary life. In the category of "humorous songs", there are nearly 100 funny songs for children, which are rich in content, fresh and interesting, and eclectic in style. The word formats of two sentences, three sentences, four sentences, six sentences and "three, three and seven" have been passed down from generation to generation for children of different ages. Such as "making up songs" and "gossiping", deliberately saying the wrong thing, in a pleasant atmosphere, to exercise children's reflective ability. In adult humorous songs, there are quite a few jokes, sarcasm, revealing short stories, or taking advantage of some physical defects of people (such as baldness, deafness, dumb, blindness, lameness, etc.) for well-meaning amusement. ), and tongue twisters, anyway, there are other folk songs. In addition, a group of ballads such as "Four Red" and "Four Happiness" classify and refine the common phenomena in nature and social life in a short four-sentence format, which is extremely incisive and vivid, full of wisdom and interest! Longer ballads, such as Hundred Days Bug and Grasshopper Funeral, are full of stories, knowledge and humor. They are catchy and humorous, which makes people particularly like them. Humorous songs and folk songs are unique categories of Tianjin ballads, which have unique text form, ideological connotation and artistic charm in Tianjin, and their aesthetic value cannot be underestimated.

Other ballads, such as "Liu Erjie tied a doll" and describing gangsters (that is, Tianjin Wei's local ruffians), vividly tell the historical situation and folk customs of Tianjin. Because Tianjin is a famous hometown of northern Quyi, and the public culture is very developed, many Tianjin folk songs are also closely related to the performing arts of Quyi, such as the tunes of the times, the number of drums and treasures.

In a word, local songs in Tianjin are humorous, knowledgeable and informative, which truly reflect the situation of Tianjin in a certain era, faithfully record historical sites and have an empirical summary. In artistic expression, it fully embodies the characteristics of Tianjin dialect, which is rough and powerful. Sentence patterns mostly use the word "337", which is catchy to read, sonorous and melodious, and easy to sing and remember. The difference with southern folk songs is very obvious. Tianjin folk songs are mostly products of the past era, which are non-renewable and irreplaceable. Now they are facing the strong impact of electronic, information and cultural diversity, and are likely to be lost, so it is very necessary to protect, study and inherit them.

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