What is the significance and function of studying geography?

The opening of geographical environment is our understanding of our social environment. Only by opening the geographical environment can we personally understand our own geographical environment. If it is closed, it will affect our understanding of the environment and reduce our cultural knowledge. What about the impact of openness? It can improve China's national income and sideline development. On the negative side, the open environment is easy to be polluted by us. We eat and throw things, which destroys the original ecology and changes our geographical environment. The function is to let us know about our environment and how to protect it, and let us realize the importance of the environment to us. It can also improve the total value and tax revenue of our country, accelerate people's living standards, and promote and improve related secondary industries.

Closed and open geographical environment

When it comes to the formation and characteristics of Chaoshan culture, we should contact the natural environment in Chaoshan area to study it.

Chaoshan area is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, bordering Fujian Province in the northeast and facing Taiwan Province Province across the sea in the east. The northwest and southwest are adjacent to Meizhou and Shanwei respectively. Proverbs call it "the corner of the country at the end of the province", which means it is located at the gateway of national defense and far away from the northeast border of the provincial capital. Regarding the strategic position of Chaoshan area, scholars in Qing Dynasty summarized it as follows: "(Chaozhou) is the gateway of Fujian and Guangdong. Negative mountains bring the sea, Kawahara Raowo, and Xiongxian in the southeast. "

The north and south of the ridge are separated by five ridges, and the south is surrounded by the ocean, forming a geographical pattern that is closed to the north and open to the outside. In a large area of Lingnan, the Lianhuashan Mountain Range, which runs from northeast to southwest, runs in the northwest of Chaoshan area and is cut into relatively independent geographical areas with high northwest and low southeast in eastern Guangdong. Lianhua Mountain not only blocks the direct communication between Chaoshan and the Central Plains, but also constitutes a natural barrier between Chaoshan and Guangzhou, the capital of Lingnan, and even the Pearl River Delta. Although the inland hinterland is relatively closed, the Chaoshan area has a coastline of 325.6 kilometers, which makes the Chaoshan area show an open pattern facing the sea. The coastal terrain is complex and diverse, with numerous ports, islands and vast beaches. There are 126 islands with low tide exposure area exceeding 500 square meters in the coastal waters, and there are many inland river estuaries and harbors on the winding coastline. With convenient shipping and abundant fishery resources, the beach area available for development is 205,300 mu. Maritime trade is of great significance to the economic development of Chaoshan area, which is sparsely populated and has natural barriers in the northwest. Historically, the life, production, trade and even many military activities of Chaoshan people in Chaoshan area have a strong marine color, which in turn affects the cultural life, thinking mode, folk customs and ethnic development of Chaoshan people, making Chaoshan culture a regional culture with marine characteristics. The specific geographical conditions, which are both closed and open, are an important factor in the contradictory state of Chaoshan people's nature, which is both conservative and pioneering. On the other hand, although the Chaoshan area has a long coastline, its connection with the sea and the utilization of the coastline are greatly restricted. The political reason is that the feudal rulers did not allow the commercial ports in eastern Guangdong to open to the outside world for a long time for the sake of "suppressing chaos" and resisting aggression, forcing some maritime commercial activities to take the form of prohibited folk activities. Judging from the natural and economic conditions, the port conditions in Chaoshan area also have certain weaknesses, which will not change the status of local ports for a long time. In any case, the living environment by the sea and the mode of production by the sea have left a deep impression on the lifestyle and personality characteristics of hipsters. For example, eating seafood, reclaiming land from the beach, crossing the ocean, maritime trade, armed smuggling and other important means of making a living have created a brave pioneering, cosmopolitan and tenacious side of the hipsters' character.

In this area, Hanjiang River is the main artery of water traffic, not only the traffic link between eastern Guangdong and southwestern Fujian, but also the cultural link between Chaoshan and southern Jiangxi, which plays a great role in promoting the evolution of Chaoshan culture. Its source is Tingjiang, which originated in Ninghua County, Fujian Province, and Meijiang, which originated in Baishanjiao, Zijin County, Fujian Province. The whole Hanjiang River basin covers more than ten counties in Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River in Chaoshan area are 174 1 square kilometer. Rongjiang River is the second largest river in this area, and its main tributaries, Nanhe River and Beihe River, originate from Baihua Garden in Lu Fengxian and the southern foot of Houzi Village in Fengshun County respectively, with a drainage area of about 35 12 square kilometers. Chaoshan area is not the great plain of Ma Pingchuan, but it includes various landforms such as mountains, hills, plains and beaches. Chaoshan Plain is actually the floorboard of several small plains, mainly including the lower reaches of Huanggang River, Hanjiang Delta, Lianjiang River and Longjiang River. The plain area only accounts for about one third of the land area in Chaoshan area. In Guangdong Province, the area of Chaoshan Plain is second only to the Pearl River Delta. However, compared with the Pearl River Delta Plain with an area of 8,600 square kilometers, the Hanjiang Delta Plain with an area of 9 15 square kilometers is much smaller. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the population growth rate in Chaoshan area rose sharply. By the middle of Qing Dynasty, the population density of Chaozhou Prefecture was second only to that of guangzhou fu. Up to now, the population has soared, 199 1 year, and the average population density in Chaoshan area has reached 1009 people/square kilometer, which is eight times that of the whole country, three times that of Guangdong Province and much higher than that of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu Plain. Chenghai County has a population density of 1860 people per square kilometer, which is the most densely populated county in China. Chaoyang county has a total population of 2.07 million, ranking first in the country. The population density of Hanjiang Delta is 2427 people per square kilometer, ranking first in all major deltas in China. In the face of this series of the highest population figures in China, it is impossible to increase the land area accordingly, and it is impossible to get rid of the situation of large population and small land. Chaoshan area only accounts for one thousandth of the country's land, but it is home to one percent of the country's population. According to the statistics of 1998, the per capita cultivated land in Jieyang City is 1.8, and the per capita cultivated land in Shantou City is 1.75, so it is difficult to arrange the homestead. Guangdong province 1997 has a per capita arable land of 0.5 mu, nearly three times that of Chaoshan. The harsh reality of a large population and a small land forces Chaoshan people to reclaim the sea around the mountains, intensively cultivate and develop a variety of cash crops. The Hanjiang River Delta has become a famous large-scale grain producing area in China, but it has never been able to solve the contradiction between limited land and overcrowding. Therefore, studying, doing business, going abroad and working have naturally become the way for Chaoshan people to survive. In addition to hard work, shrewdness and dexterity, Chaoshan people are desperate and even opportunistic. The densely populated environment with limited production and living space has a far-reaching impact on the management mode of agriculture, commerce and handicrafts in Chaoshan and the psychology of hipsters.

Climatic conditions conducive to crop growth in Chaoshan area. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the central part of this area, with warm and humid climate, hot summer without intense heat, cold shower in winter, evergreen seasons, vegetation in Tsinghua, and precocious biology, which is generally 65,438+0-2 seasons and climate earlier than that in Jianghuai area. But there are also disasters that are not conducive to crop growth and people's livelihood: low temperature and rainy weather in early spring, cold in late spring; In summer, it is often attacked by storms and typhoons; There are low-temperature frost disasters in autumn; Typhoons, droughts, floods, earthquakes and pests occur from time to time. This shows that the Chaoshan area is not blessed with rich land, but also has harsh natural conditions. Beautiful weather and intensive cultivation have a lot to do with cultivating the delicate and gentle side of hipsters' personality; In the constant struggle with nature, turning a wild land into a land of plenty has a great relationship with the indomitable folk customs and the spirit of self-improvement and indomitable struggle of hipsters. The sudden devastating natural disasters have affected the influx of people to develop a fatalistic view that they are a little contented, have a long-term worry and don't want to worry, and gamble in everything.