What are some humorous things about the American writer Hemingway?

Born on July 21, 1899, he was the second child in a family of six. His mother made him practice playing the cello; his father taught him fishing and shooting. Childhood seems to be free of trauma. He was in the class of 1917 in middle school. He was an enthusiastic and competitive standard American boy; he had good academic performance, developed all-round sports (swimming, football, shooting, and secretly went to the local gym to learn boxing), and participated in debates. He played the cello in the school band, edited the school newspaper "The Hanger", contributed articles to the literary magazine "Bookboard", wrote short stories (already showing signs of a mature style in the future), and wrote poetry. He sometimes takes other people's cars to travel. Once I shot a heron in a game reserve, and I hid afterwards to avoid legal sanctions. Some critics believe that Hemingway's travel away from home shows that he lived a normal life in his childhood; but others believe that it symbolizes his early rebellion against the Oak Park lifestyle and reflects the tense relationships in his family life.

The interests of his father and mother must be completely opposite, which caused conflicting reactions and some hostility in him. His sister Marceline Sanford, who was two years older than him but had grown up with Hemingway, said his parents "loved each other" but admitted they "often bored each other." His mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, was a member of the Congregational Church and had strong religious ideas (she named her four daughters after saints), but she was also an artistic woman who arranged her family environment like a church organization. cultural salon. His father, Clarence Edgarz Hemingway, was an outstanding doctor, an enthusiastic and trained athlete, and a professional student of the natural world. He aroused his son's interest in outdoor activities. In the summer, they lived in a house near Petoskey Lake in northern Michigan. Dr. Hemingway sometimes took his son with him on medical visits across Walloon Lake to the Ojib Indian settlement; they often fished together. and hunting. They had a close relationship, although his father was a strict disciplinarian, even more strict and puritanical than Mrs. Hemingway.

The influence of his parents on him is clear at least at first glance. His love of the outdoors, training and bravery as an athlete never diminished. He loves music (although he hates cello lessons) and art, as always. He cherished Bach and Mozart and said that he learned writing methods from "study of harmony and counterpoint"; he also said that "I learned the same things from painters as I learned from writers." There is nothing available about Hemingway's childhood and adolescence in Oak Park to suggest that he was anything other than a normal adult. However, when we look at the creations of this extremely autobiographical writer, we find those stories about that period of time with Nick Adamus as the protagonist ("Indian Tent", "The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife" , "The End of Something", "Three Days of Wind", "The Fighter" and "The Killer"), but wrote about themes of violence and fear, chaos and disappointment - and loneliness; his classmates pointed out, Loneliness and versatility were Hemingway's most prominent features at the time.

Two months before he graduated, the United States entered the war. Carlos Becker wrote: "The paths he faced were college, war, and work," and Hemingway chose to work. There is something wrong with his left eye (he accidentally injured his left eye while training boxing and his vision declined. His vision in his left eye has never recovered since then) and he is not suitable for fighting. In October 1917, he began working as a trainee reporter at the Kansas City Star, one of the best newspapers in the United States at the time. For six months, he interviewed hospitals and police stations, and also learned excellent business knowledge from G.G. Wellington, the excellent editor of the Star. Hemingway learned for the first time in "The Star" that literature and art, like life, must be trained. The Star's famous style sheet read: "Use short sentences." "Keep the first paragraph short. Use lively language. Say the positive, not the negative." Hemingway learned how to write in a relatively short period of time. The rules of journalism were transformed into principles of literature.

However, the attraction of war became more and more attractive to Hemingway, and he began this expedition in the second half of May 1918. For the first two months, he volunteered as a driver for a Red Cross convoy in Italy, spending only a week on the front line. In the middle of the night on the last day of the week, Hemingway was hit by Austrian mortar shrapnel while distributing chocolates to Italian soldiers in the village of Fossalda on the Piavi River in northeastern Italy. A soldier next to him was killed, and another soldier just in front of him was seriously wounded. As he dragged the wounded soldier to the rear, he was hit in the knee by a machine gun; when they reached the shelter, the wounded soldier was already dead. Hemingway was hit by more than 200 pieces of shrapnel in his legs, and his left knee was shattered by a machine gun. He was forced to have surgery to replace it with a platinum knee. He stayed in the hospital in Milan for three months and underwent more than a dozen operations. Most of the shrapnel was removed, but a few remained in his body until his death. He was two weeks shy of his nineteenth birthday when he was injured.

In the early 1950s, Hemingway said: "For writers, having experience in war is valuable. But too much of this experience can be harmful." The explosion that destroyed Hemingway's body It also penetrated into his mind, and its influence was longer and more profound. A direct consequence is insomnia, being unable to sleep all night long. Five years later, Hemingway was living with his wife in Paris, and he still couldn't sleep without turning on the light.

In his works, insomniacs appear everywhere. Jack Bernice in "The Sun Also Rises", Frederick Henry in "A Farewell to Arms", Nick Adams, Mr. Fletcher in "The Gambler, the Nun and the Radio" , Harry in "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" and the elderly waiter in "A Clean, Bright Place" both suffer from insomnia and are afraid of the dark night.

The old waiter said: "It's just insomnia after all. There must be a lot of people with it." Insomnia is a symptom of that painful complication that Hemingway, his hero and ("Have There must be a lot of people suffering from this disease”) His compatriots were suffering. Philip Young provides an excellent and well-reasoned psychological analysis of Hemingway's personality, arguing that the emotions caused by his trauma were beyond his rational control. In his later years, Hemingway repeatedly and obsessively searched for similar experiences to expel the mental trauma; if he could not do so, he continued to recreate the event through creation and thinking in order to control the emotions it aroused. concern.

Young wisely points out that Hemingway was ultimately concerned with art, not trauma. However, on a local scale, Young's theory of personality can unify Hemingway's person and his work. Moreover, for Hemingway's observation of war, this doctrine gave special meaning to the artist. "A Farewell to Arms" and several short stories brilliantly describe the social, emotional and moral implications of war, but it was not just this description that made his war experience "valuable": it forged a spiritual His views on human destiny influenced almost all of his works. Mortar shrapnel became a metaphor for the destructive forces of a cruel world, and Hemingway and his protagonists became symbols of wounded humanity seeking a way to survive. He was almost ready to translate that feeling of life into literary works.

In the five years after he received the Red Medal of Valor, he slowly but purposefully worked hard on his writing career. Oak Park welcomed its hero back with enthusiasm, but Hemingway's parents—especially his mother—were bored because the young man had no other ambitions than to write and was more than willing to accept the family's support. At one time he wrote features for Toronto's Daily Star and Star Weekly. His sister, Marcy Linney, wrote that he had just celebrated his twenty-first birthday when his mother gave him an ultimatum: Find a permanent job or move out. Hemingway moved out and spent a year in Chicago as editor of Cooperative Welfare, a newspaper promoting cooperative investments. That winter, he met Sherwood Andersen, his first important friend in the literary world, and through Andersen, he met other members of the "Chicago group." At the same time he met and fell in love with Hadley Richardson, a beautiful redhead eight years older than him. In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley, spent their honeymoon at the family's country house, and then went to Toronto to work as a feature reporter for several months.

However, what he really needed was Europe, the space and time to write. The Hemingways decided to accept a job as a part-time reporter stationed abroad. For the next two years, Hemingway became the Star's traveling correspondent in Europe, living in Paris and writing reports on international conferences in Geneva and Lausanne, including concise and dramatic dispatches of the Greco-Turkish War. He occasionally writes lighthearted but sharply observed impressions about skiing in Switzerland, bullfighting in Spain, and postwar life in Germany. His early journalistic training, coupled with a natural fondness for brevity, had become a style that was made even more powerful by the telegrams he now wrote—condensed, compact.

At the same time, he was writing novels and poetry, and was trying to find a publisher to publish one of his things, but (since 1918) had not been able to find one. In 1922 a rapid series of events accelerated his hopes, and then he was disappointed. With a letter of introduction from Sherwood Andersen, he took his works to Gertrude Stein, whose salon on the Rue Fleurus was the home of Ezra Pound and James Jones. and an artistic center for expatriates such as Maddox Ford. Stein liked this young man. He looked almost like a mainlander and his eyes were "curious and emotional." She encouraged him to become a writer, but advised him to give up his job as a journalist completely and revise his prose more concisely. : "There is a lot of description here, but it is not very well written. Start from the beginning and write more concentratedly." Pound also liked this new writer, walking and boxing with him, and encouraged him to continue writing poetry. In May and June, Hemingway published his first public works - a two-page satirical allegory "The Miraculous Gesture" and a four-line poem "At Last", which was a filler to fill in William Ford's The gap left by Kerner's six stanzas. A New Orleans magazine, Two-faced, published both articles, and his luck was due to the help of Sherwood Andersen.

The disaster occurred when he attended the Lausanne Peace Conference in late 1922. He agreed to ask Hadley to meet him with a suitcase, and Hadley packed almost all of his manuscripts in this suitcase (a few were mailed). At the Gare de Lyon in Paris, she put her suitcase in the carriage without warning. When she came back a while later, she found that the suitcase was missing. A few years later, Hemingway wrote to Carlos Becker: This incident caused him so much pain that he "wanted to have surgery so that he wouldn't have to think about it." Hemingway had no choice but to start over. This time A stunning success.

In 1923, several of his works were published in publications. Harriet Munro published one of his short poems in Poetry (January 1924); Margaret Anderson and Jean Heap published a short poem in The Little Review (January 1924). In April 2003, he published six of his short stories (*** eighteen short stories, originally planned to be published in January of the following year, with the general title "In Our Time"; in the summer of 1923, Robert ?McCarmen published Hemingway's first work, "Three Stories and Ten Poems" (the three stories are "In Michigan", "My Old Man" and "Out of Time")

Although it has a promising future. It seemed certain, but there were real obstacles on the way. Hadley was pregnant, and the couple had almost no money. They agreed to go back to Toronto for two years, and then come to Paris when they had enough money, so that he could devote himself to writing. John Hadley ("Bomby") Hemingway left Paris in August 1923, but by January 1924 the Hemingways had returned to Paris and Montparnasse. Hemingway's steps towards success were delayed again because he had to devote part of his time to working to support his family. Not having enough to eat was documented in "A Moveable Banquet," but he continued to write, as Stein observed, "He wrote very seriously and wanted to be a writer." The breakthrough came in 1925 - —Perhaps with the help of two influential supporters, Edmund Wilson had already shown Hemingway's works to Scott Fitzgerald before he knew him, and Fitzgerald was very impressed. Hemingway had already accepted Andersen's publisher. Boney & Liveright received an advance of $200 to publish his short story collection In Our Time, which included early sketches published in the collection of the same name, and accepted the publishing company's rights to these two books.

Financially speaking, In Our Time was a failure, as was the next book, the parody of Sherwood Anderson's work, Spring Tide. , but Hemingway attracted the attention of important American critics such as Allen Tate, Paul Rosenfeld and Louis Cronenberg, who all believed that Hemingway was a new voice in the American literary world. However, again. It was Fitzgerald who spoke most convincingly of Hemingway's talent. In his article "How to Waste Materials—A Comment on My Contemporaries," Fitzgerald attacked writers who had achieved a solid position—especially those who had achieved a solid position. It was Henry Mencken and Sherwood Anderson—who argued that their "emphasis on discovering the 'meaning' of America" ??was "disingenuous because they themselves had no such need," Fitzgerald said. People living abroad have the advantage of being able to develop an "incorruptible style" for themselves, expressing purified passionate feelings. Fitzgerald cited Hemingway and "In Our Time" as the main examples. It shows that the writer "has a new temperament" and has the above two characteristics. Fitzgerald's article was published in May. Five months later, Hemingway confirmed that Fitzgerald's praise was very good. Makes sense.

In October 1926, Scribner's published "The Sun Also Rises", and Hemingway, who was less than thirty years old, became a well-regarded literary writer. As a writer's first novel, it sold well and won critical acclaim. In his later years, Hemingway recalled his life between 1921 and 1926 in the book "A Moveable Banquet", recalling the dreams, hard training and disasters at that time. The dream is pastoral: pure love for Hadley, wonderful places like Paris and Voralb, the friendship of friends. Hard training - writing myself as a starving person, eager to succeed, ruthless self-discipline, but also to form my own literary style. Disaster is the nightmare reality that follows success, shattering dreams and destroying training, leaving only desire, indulgence and disappointment. Hemingway wrote this book at a time when physical and psychological ailments could intensify the sweetness and pain of old age nostalgia. However, in a sense, it also shows that Hemingway finally understood that his early years in Paris were the years when he was most integrated as a person and as an artist. When he published "In Our Time", "The Sun Also Rises", and especially "A Farewell to Arms" in 1929, he had already had enough experiences to form his views on the destiny of mankind. Views and the stylistic style that best expresses this view. Although his artistic development was not over yet, what he wrote later was at most more refined and more radiant in technique, and was just a variation on the themes he had already written.

The success of his plays over the next two or three decades - apart from a series of almost legendary anecdotes - is, to some extent, due to Hemingway's considerable flexibility in making himself The image among the masses adapts to the changing requirements of the times. It was for this reason that he was personally attractive to the crowd - whether it was the avuncular nickname of "Dad" or the combative title of "Champion." Even more fascinating, however, is the dramatic change of heart. As his fame grew from a trickle to a tidal wave, his sensory abilities were wallowing in a sink. In early works, fear and beauty are inextricably linked: they can only be conveyed through extremely subtle feelings. The artist masters the human form.

In later works, the subtleties of repressed emotion are often overdone, almost becoming a mockery of emotion. This is where the power of inner drama lies. Because Hemingway seemed to want to make up for his artistic failures and overreacted in life. His actions in the real world still reflect his concern with tragic experiences and his urgent need to confront a hostile world and affirm his self-image. However, because the heroic spirit is too conspicuous and resolute, the characters' actions are too obvious. As a result, it gets comical, embarrassing, and often even annoying. If he was an artistic adventurer in the 1920s, then in the 1930s and 1940s the artist himself became an adventurer. His views on life have not changed, but his artistic skills have slackened.

Between the publication of "The Sun Also Rises" and the unpublished "A Farewell to Arms", Hemingway divorced Hadley and had a relationship with Pauline Paley, the fashion style editor of Vogue. After paying money to get married, they returned to the United States and settled in Keyvis. In 1927, Hemingway completed and published his second collection of short stories, "Men Without Women." In 1928, when he was writing the first draft of "A Farewell to Arms", Pauline gave birth to their first child (she gave birth to two sons in one month); when he was revising the first draft, he learned the news: He His father suffered from diabetes and committed suicide due to financial difficulties. He used a pistol that his own father had used during the Civil War. Twenty years later, Hemingway recalled in the preface to his illustrated book A Farewell to Arms: "There were good times and bad times in that year," but said that he was "living in a book" and "much better than I was." Pleasant at any time." In the early thirties, he was financially prosperous, happily married, and adventuring. Over the years, he hunted ducks and elk in Wyoming and Montana, hunted big game in Africa, and fished off Keyvis and Bimini aboard his custom-built Pilar yacht. These were the years of the Great Depression. The country was depressed by the economic crisis, but Hemingway was more like a fanatical Boy Scout. Between 1934 and 1936, he wrote twenty-three lively but unworthy articles for Desire magazine, describing hunting and fishing, which provided a perspective on the urban victims of the Great Depression. Spiritual refuge. In Hemingway's rough and arrogant face and strong body, they saw the face of a hero in a period of bad luck; his implicit prose and concise dialogue showed the typical "beautiful grace under pressure." Two works of non-fiction he published over the years reinforced this image. One is "Death in the Afternoon" (1932), which praises the ritual of bullfighting, and the other is "The Green Hills of Africa" ??(1935), which describes a hunting trip and rehearses the tragedy of man and beast, but almost at the top of his lungs praises the dignity of human courage. .

In the early 1930s, relatively few Hemingway novels were written. During the 1920s, Hemingway published two novels, thirty-five short stories, a model work, some poetry, and a considerable amount of correspondence. The major work he produced in the first half of the 1930s was "The Winner Takes Nothing" (1933), a collection of fourteen short stories. In 1936, he published one of his best short stories, "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," in which the protagonist is a writer who ridicules himself for not being able to write the work "he should write."

From 1937 to the end of World War II, the artist Hemingway was still his adventurer, but he just changed his costume. Beginning with Henry Morgan's words in "To Have and Have Not" (1937) - "A man can't do anything... he's good enough to do nothing" - Hemingway and his protagonists sacrificed their private affairs and turned to the world collective responsibility arising from the crisis. At least on the surface, the Great Depression and the Spanish Civil War shattered Hemingway's belief that the writer's main task was to "write directly and sincerely about people" and that "whoever sees politics as a way out is lying." ." Left-wing critics, who had long derided what they saw as Hemingway's gleeful isolationism, now welcomed his shift. In fact, Hemingway did not turn left in his novel creation. His characters followed the old path - adventure, loneliness, and the result was a dead end. They re-enter the world because democracy may be better than fascism, but although they are mixed with the people, they are not members of the people. So did Hemingway. No matter what war he participated in, it became his war. He fought as always, with his own conditions and reasons.

Hemingway went to Spain in early 1937. Officially a reporter for the Arctic American Newspaper Alliance, he is not an impartial bystander. He borrowed money to buy relief troops for troops loyal to the Communist Party and the government, spoke at the Second National Writers Conference of the United States to attack fascism, assisted in the filming of the pro-*** and government film "Spanish Land" (1938), and published his The only long play, "The Fifth Column," describes this conflict. In 1939, he purchased a property in the "Lookout Farm" on the outskirts of Havana. In the house on the top of the property, he wrote the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls" about fascism, democracy and individuals.

A few days after the novel was published, Pauline Pfeiffer divorced him on the grounds of "abandonment". Within a week, Hemingway married his third wife, Martha Gellhorn, a novelist and journalist from St. Louis. They lived together for five years. In the first two years of their marriage, they went to China. As a war correspondent, Hemingway wrote reports for the now-defunct New York newspaper The Afternoon.

In these reports, Hemingway believed that a war between Japan, Britain and the United States was unlikely, but it was not impossible. He had the foresight to point out that if Japan attacked American bases in the Pacific or Southeast Asia, war would be inevitable.

From 1942 to 1944, when he was sent to General Patton's Third Army as a non-military reporter for "Curieu" magazine, Hemingway controlled "Pillar". "The USS" - equipped with communications and explosives facilities at the government's expense - patrolled the sea and became a disguised anti-submarine warship. Although the Pilar did not encounter a submarine (if it did, Hemingway was prepared to order himself to throw grenades and incendiary bombs from the conning tower), Hemingway's reports may have helped the Navy detect the location of some submarines and blow them up. Shen, Hemingway was honored for these achievements. In 1944, Hemingway cooperated with the Royal Air Force in the United Kingdom and flew several times to participate in combat. He was not injured. However, he was injured in a car crash during a blackout in London, and his head and knees were injured. Several newspapers published his obituary, but soon after, on the day of the Allied landings, Hemingway watched the battle for several minutes at Fox Green Beach in Normandy before returning to the ship.

Although he nominally belonged to General Patton's army, he acted with the 4th Infantry Division of the First Army and participated in the battle to liberate Paris and the Battle of the Bulge. His description of his boldness and bravery may be exaggerated or distorted, but his actions were indeed more like a warrior than a reporter. He was responsible for effective patrols and inquiries at a post outside Paris, gathering intelligence for the advance of General Leclerc's troops. During the German counterattack, he took part in fierce battles with short weapons at the risk of his life in the Schutemann Forest. Military personnel have a better impression of him than his colleagues in the press. His colleagues were angry, perhaps because of his arrogant attitude, perhaps because he exaggerated how he personally led a small guerrilla force to liberate the Tourist Club and the Ritz Hotel. A group of reporters accused Hemingway of violating the Geneva Conference's rules prohibiting war correspondents from participating in combat. Hemingway appeared in court, was spared a conviction after a short trial, and was later awarded the Bronze Star. When the war ended, Hemingway was forty-six years old. The image he painted of himself as a war-torn and indomitable veteran was no longer a pencil sketch, but a gloomy full-length portrait in oil paint. What else? Through his words and actions, Hemingway showed that he had to make a new beginning in life and art. During the war years, he only published reports on the Sino-Japanese War for "Afternoon" and telegrams taken from the European theater for "Curieu". Now he claimed generally to be writing a work, a novel about "land, sea, and sky." As if to intensify his sense of renewal, Hemingway divorced Martha Gellhorn in late 1945 and returned to Lookout Farm in March 1946, accompanied by his wife. The fourth and final wife was Mary Welsh, another journalist from Minnesota.

After 1940, Hemingway published the novel "Across the River and Into the Woods" (1950), which was not the major work that readers expected. He nearly died of erysipelas a year ago. The actual cause was that dust got into his eyes and his eyes became inflamed after rubbing them. However, Hemingway exaggerated this small incident and said that when he was hunting wild ducks near Venice, a bit of bullet got stuck in his eyes. He decided to write this smaller work while he was in hospital. Objective circumstances could not change critical opinion, and the work was attacked in an unpleasant way. Milder critics said it was "emotionally boring" and believed Hemingway still had potential; most critics brutally attacked it as self-pitying self-parody. In Colonel Richard Cantwell, Hemingway's autobiographical figure is prominent, nagging his inescapable themes—death, loneliness, love, and bravery—that crystallized his experience in the forties. Since then, he has continued to delve deeper into past experiences, as if nostalgia can compensate for artistic incompetence. He changed from an artist to an explorer to an adventurer pursuing art, and this cycle is almost over.

He first went back to the 1930s, the age of adventurous hunting and fishing. In 1953, he and Mary went on a hunting trip to Africa. He was already covered in scars, and this time he encountered continuous plane accidents and almost died. In the first crash, Mary broke two ribs, Hemingway's liver and waist were shattered, and his lower spine was seriously injured; the next day, the plane crashed again, and Hemingway suffered more than a dozen concussions in his life, this was the most serious one. (The cabin was on fire, the door was jammed, and Hemingway banged the door open with his head), plus internal injuries. Although he started to have bad luck, he was lucky enough to read his own obituary while he was recovering in Nairobi Hospital (Hemingway was the only famous writer to see his own obituary during his lifetime). He wrote a long report describing his experiences in Africa, but what was published in Prospect magazine was just two consecutive paragraphs of second-rate journalism.

The harvest of fishing is here. Fifteen years ago, he published a newsletter about a Cuban fisherman in the magazine "Lord". Now he wrote "The Old Man and the Sea" (1952) based on this material to make up for his literary losses. At the same time, he received the Pulitzer Prize, and in 1954 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature, probably because of the help of "The Old Man and the Sea."

At this time, he worked even harder to remove the stubborn obstacles to the past, heading towards the twenties, when he had written into another story the rivalry between the bullfighters Antonio Ordo?ez and Luis Dominguez. Go to "Death in the Afternoon". The result was two more consecutive pieces, called "Dangerous Summer," published in Life magazine (the rest of the manuscript was never published), and they were both weakly written and boring to read.

Then there is Paris, where he studied art in the early 1920s. Before Hemingway came back from Spain, he was searching through a large box of notes he had written that year. He told his wife in jialai terms that he planned to "write a biography in reverse, a biography of memories." The Hemingways returned to After arriving in Cuba, he could not grasp the situation after Fidel Cadetro's victory, so he left the "Lookout Farm" and moved to a large villa in Catchin, Idaho, where Hemingway processed and revised his notes. After his death, Mary Hemingway found this typescript in a blue box in his room. She said in an article in the New York Times: "He must have thought that the book was finished and just waiting for editing." In 1964, the book was published under the title "Mobile Banquet."

In 1960, Hemingway's passion for writing must have made him extremely miserable. He was greatly weakened physically, his tall body shrank, his face was haggard, and he endured pain. While he was in the Mayo Sanitarium, the diagnosis was grim: high blood pressure, possibly diabetes (a disease that had afflicted his father), and an iron-metabolism disorder, a rare disease that threatens major organs. Psychologically, he was even worse. He could hardly speak, was anxious, and suffered from severe depression - Seymour Betsky and Leslie Fiedler visited him in November 1960 and wanted to invite him. He went to give a lecture at the University of Montana and wrote afterwards that he felt like a "schoolboy without an idea." In the spring of 1961, he underwent twenty-five electrotherapy sessions to relieve depression. He stayed in the Mayo Sanitarium for a month and had just returned to Kent. On the morning of July 2, 1961, he put the muzzle of a silver-inlaid shotgun at the corner of his mouth and pulled the two triggers at the same time. move.

In "Island in the Current," Hemingway's injured and possibly dying protagonist says, "Don't worry, man... that's the road you've been following your whole life." Of course, Hemingway was there Adventures in life and art are full of temptations to die. But it should be remembered that Hemingway was equally persistent about life. When he wrote about Paris at the end of "A Moveable Banquet," he made an analogy that applied both to himself and to the lives of his characters: "Paris is always worth going to, and what you take with you always makes a difference." There will be rewards.

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