Scenic spots in Huai 'an County, Hebei Province

Huai 'an City was the An Wei of Huai 'an in Ming Dynasty.

Old Huaian ancient city

According to documents, Huai 'an County was located in Huai 'an County in the Tang Dynasty. But where was Huai 'an County in the Tang Dynasty, today's Huai 'an City, or twenty miles east of Huai 'an City recorded in the local chronicles of the Ming Dynasty? Seeking the answer to this question has become an important goal of this investigation. Under the guidance of maps and local cultural management personnel, we went to the old Huai 'an village in Baihu Township, the east end of Huai 'an City to investigate.

At first, we had only a faint hope of finding the remains of Cheng Tang in the old Huai 'an village, but the results of the field trip gave us a great surprise: the historical layer of the old Huai 'an was far richer than we thought. In Old Huai 'an, we found at least three different city sites. The first one is in the south of Old Huai 'an, where there is a small rammed earth wall. Although the rammed soil layer is a little fuzzy, it can still be clearly judged in some places that there are bricks in the soil layer of the wall. These phenomena tell us that this wall is man-made, not natural. The second relic is in the middle of the village, and the shape of the city wall is very obvious, which is very conspicuous in the low buildings of the whole village. The city walls intermittently form a square town. The houses in the old Huai 'an village are mainly concentrated in this small town. The local old people call these walls "fort walls". According to Baozhai's description of the city in Huai 'an County Records: "Governing the east of the city is twelve miles, rectangular, three feet high and three feet thick, with one destroyed door and 105 earth buildings", we judge that the city should be a fortress in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Under the guidance of the local elderly, we found the third site in the north of the village. This relic has been completely razed to farmland, and the shape of the city wall is not obvious, but the height difference between the inside and outside of the "wall" still allows us to judge that it used to be a city wall. The south wall is adjacent to the ditch, and the height difference between inside and outside is about 2 to 3 meters, while the east wall is adjacent to the road, and the height difference between inside and outside is about 1 to 2 meters. The whole city is slightly inclined from southeast to northwest, and the visual area should be over 50,000 square meters. As there is no archaeological evidence, we can't judge when this is the city site.

After returning to school, I saw Liu Jianhua's article Investigation, Discovery and Research on the Site of Zhangjiakou Ancient City during the Warring States Period. According to their investigation of 1985 and 1986, I found that the city site in the north of Old Huai 'an Village was the site of the Warring States and Han Dynasty, and thought it might be a military castle. There is Gengjiatun Han Group in the south of Old Huai 'an Village, and 4 Han tombs 14 have been found. The existence of these Han tombs further confirms the possibility that this city is Seoul. However, it is doubtful that the mounds of these Han tombs are very large, so it is inferred that their specifications should be quite high, so the owner of the tomb is probably not just a small official in a small military castle, but there should be a higher level near such a high-standard Han group. So I suspect that the ruins of the old Huai 'an ancient city may be the county seat of the Han Dynasty, or even a higher-level city.

The investigation of old Huai 'an not only failed to solve our previous problems, but also raised many new questions, such as what is the old Huai 'an village city? When did it decline? Where the hell is Tang Huai 'an County? When did the central city of Tang Hong Valley move to Huai 'an? Why did it move from the middle reaches to the upper reaches? These are worthy of our further study.

Zhaohua Temple, a large ancient temple in Hebei (July 7, 2005)

It is reported that Zhaohua Temple is located in the north of West Street, Huai 'an Town, Huai 'an County, Hebei Province, with an area of 3,820 square meters. The whole temple consists of the mountain gate, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall, Houdian, Piandian Hall, Bell Tower, Drum Tower and Monument Building. It is a large-scale ancient temple mainly spreading Buddhism, and now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

It is understood that Zhaohua Temple, formerly known as Yongqing Temple, was built in the 30th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1397). It used to be a folk memorial hall, but it was almost deserted because of disrepair. Later, it was rebuilt and expanded in Zheng Tongyuan of Ming Dynasty (1436), and a spectacular Buddhist shrine was built in Zheng Tong of Ming Dynasty (1445). After the temple was completed, it was called in the imperial court and given a plaque "Zhaohua Hall", hence the name.

It is understood that all the buildings in Zhaohua Temple are mainly made of stone strips, with brick-wood structure, curved sill carved fence, corridor building, Heavenly King Hall and Daxiong Hall all made of wood on the top of the mountain, surrounded by arches, glass tile roofs, jade dragons lying on the ridge, and animal heads coming out of cornices. The golden statue in the temple hangs on the mountain, carved beams and painted buildings, resplendent and magnificent.

Daxiong Hall is the main building of Zhaohua Temple, with five rooms wide and three rooms deep, covering an area of 245. 5 square meters. On both sides of the south entrance wall, there are two pictures about three meters high, 1. It is 5 meters wide and depicts two armored generals, Qin He, a famous soldier in the Tang Dynasty. They carefully painted the majestic image of Qin He. There are 36 groups of murals painted on the east and west walls and the back wall of the temple, which is nearly 100 square meter. These murals vividly depict the gods of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in the form of comic strips, as well as many characters of world emperors, officials, three religions and nine streams.

The murals in Zhaohua Temple have many characters, rich contents and different shapes. They inherit the subtitle form of temple murals since the Tang Dynasty, and connect the contents of a single painting with water clouds. Xiangyun haunts the paintings, connecting each painting into a whole, which makes the murals have an internal connection. The figures in the painting are well-proportioned, lifelike, with smooth lines, moderate realism and bright colors. It is really an outstanding mural art treasure of China in Ming Dynasty.

1930, Norwegian painter Skagen came to Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province to preach. 1935 When he arrived in Huai 'an, he found the murals of Zhaohua Temple and was amazed. 1937, he copied all the murals.

It is understood that Zhaohua Temple and its murals are important materials for studying historical relics, mural art and artistic historical materials in the Ming Dynasty, and are precious cultural heritage left by future generations in the Ming Dynasty, with high artistic value, cultural relic value and ornamental value.

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Huai 'an County of Zhangjiakou City is located at the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Mongolia provinces (regions), with east longitude114 48' and north latitude 40 20'-40 46'. Rivers in the territory are tributaries of Yongding River, and Dongyang River, Xiyang River and Nanyang River join Yanghe River in the east of the county seat and flow into Guanting Reservoir. However, due to years of drought, rivers are often cut off, especially Shilisha River and Hongyang River, which become seasonal rivers, rising in rainy season and cutting off in dry season.

Huai 'an County governs 273 administrative villages in 4 towns and 7 townships, with a total population of 242,500, of which the agricultural population is 2 1.7 million, accounting for 89.5% of the total population. The total area of the county is 1692.5 square kilometers, with 2 million mu of usable land, including 640,000 mu of cultivated land (about 270,000 mu of irrigated land and 6,543,800 mu of irrigated land), barren hills and slopes 1 10,000 mu, 200,000 mu of grassland, 30,000 mu of tidal flat and 520,000 mu of woodland and forest.

The county is located in the hilly area of shallow mountains, with middle and low mountains, valleys, hills and basins criss-crossing. It is a typical loess plateau landform, with soil erosion area of 1600 square kilometers and erosion modulus of 3 147 tons. The county is 670 meters above sea level to 1945 meters, and the front and rear rivers are formed with Shaliangtai as the boundary. Qianchuan has high terrain and broken terrain; Post-Sichuan is low, and there are many basins between Sichuan. Most soil types are calcareous soil, accounting for 98% of the total soil.

The climate type of this county belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate of East Asia, with Leng Xia fever in winter and four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 7℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.4℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -26℃. It is windy all year round, with large temperature difference. The annual average precipitation is about 400 mm, mostly concentrated in June-August, with the annual maximum precipitation of 565.8 mm and the minimum precipitation of 2 19.3mm, especially in the last three years (1999-200 1), with the continuous drought and less rainfall of 295.6 mm and 366.2 respectively. Frost-free period 1 10- 140 days, with an average sunshine duration of 2804.4 hours.

Huai 'an is known as the "cultural county" and has a long history of humanities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 400 scholars, jurors and students. In modern times, leaders and people with lofty ideals such as Kang, Ruan, Ruan Chongwu and others appeared. The Weiqi culture in Huai 'an County has a wide influence, and it is one of the five "towns of Weiqi" in China, and is known as "the first in Jiangbei". Huaian food culture has a long history. "Three Treasures of Huai 'an": bacon, bean curd skin and a nest of silk cakes are all famous in Shanxi, Hebei, Mongolia and Beijing. Chaigoubao bacon series products are listed in China Food Dictionary.

Due to the limitation of natural conditions, the agricultural development in Huai 'an County is slow. Most farmers mainly grow crops, but also engage in fruit and animal husbandry. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the establishment of the county system in Tang Muzong, farmers have cultivated this land for generations, which has a history of more than 2,000 years. However, there are few planting techniques and agricultural science and technology, and the degree of mechanization is low. Most of them are cultivated by people and animals, and the crops are mainly corn, potato, millet, sunflower and miscellaneous grains. The production conditions are fragile, the varieties are single and the quality and efficiency are low. Animal husbandry and forestry have been in a subordinate position for a long time, and the pigs, sheep, chickens, rabbits, apricots, apples and grapes planted have not yet formed large-scale production and specialized management.