The original text and its translation of Du Mu's "Red Cliff"

"Red Cliff" is a seven-character quatrain composed by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poet was inspired by the object and chanted the history. He pointed out that the Battle of Red Cliff was related to the survival of the country and the safety of the country; at the same time, it alluded to If you have great ambitions, you will not be reused, and you will see the big from the small. The following is the original text and its translation of Du Mu's "Red Cliff" that I compiled. You are welcome to read it. I hope you will like it.

Original text: Red Cliff

The broken halberd sinks into the sand and the iron is not sold, but it will be washed and washed to recognize the past.

The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply.

Translation:

The broken halberd sank in the sand, and the iron was not completely rusty.

I polished and washed it and recognized it. Chibi vs. Relic.

If the east wind did not give Zhou Yu convenience,

Then the two sisters of the Qiao family would be imprisoned in Tongque Terrace in the spring.

Notes:

1. Broken halberd sank in the sand: broken halberd sank into the sand; halberd: a kind of weapon.

2. East wind: Soochow used the fire attack to attack Cao Ying in the west with the help of east wind.

3. Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu, commander of the Wu army.

4. Er Qiao: The two beauties of the Wu Kingdom. Da Qiao married the king of Wu; Xiao Qiao married Zhou Yu.

Author's life:

Tang Dezong was born in the 19th year of Zhenyuan in a family with generations of officials and a strong cultural tradition. His distant ancestor Du Yu was a famous politician and scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty. Great-grandfather Du Hope was a famous frontier general during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong and was fond of literature. Grandfather Du You was a famous politician and historian in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He served as prime minister in three dynasties including Dezong, Shunzong and Xianzong. He was eager to learn all his life and was knowledgeable about the past and present. He wrote 200 volumes of "Tongdian". His father, Du Congyuguan, was a member of the driving department, Wailang, and died young. Du Mu was very proud of his family background. He said: "The old gate is open in the center of Chang'an City. There is nothing in the gate, and the hall is full of thousands of books. There are 200 volumes of family collections, and the king is everywhere" ("Winter Solstice Send to My Nephew") A Yi Shi").

Unappreciated talent

Du Mu’s childhood was rich and happy. Du You's Fanchuan villa is located in the south of Chang'an City. The land has the beauty of forest pavilions and deep plants and trees. Du Mu often played in the garden. After his grandfather and father passed away one after another, his family became increasingly poor, "eating wild wormwood and having no candle at night". In the second year of Mu Zong's Changqing reign (822), when Du Mu was 20 years old, he was already well versed in classics and history, and was especially focused on fighting chaos and military affairs. At the age of 23, he wrote "Ode to Afang Palace". In the second year of Emperor Wenzong's reign (828), he passed the imperial examination at the age of 26. In the same year, he passed the examination of Xianliangfangzhengyanjijianke. He was awarded the title of School Secretary of Hongwen Hall and Cao, the guard of Zuowu, joined the army. In the winter, he went to Jiangxi to observe the envoy Shen Chuanshi, and then followed him to Xuanshe to observe and serve as a staff member. In the seventh year of Yamato (833), the Huainan Jiedushi envoy Niu Sengru was promoted to an official and transferred to the position of secretary. He lived in Yangzhou and was quite fond of banquets and travels. In the ninth year of Yamato, he served as the supervisory censor and was in charge of the Eastern Capital. In the second year of Kaicheng's reign, he entered Xuanhui to observe the envoy Cui Danmu and trained as a judge for the regiment. Xuan Guanzuo Bequ, Shi Guan compiled and compiled, and the Ministry of Food and Beverage Yuan Wai Lang. In the second year of Wuzong Huichang's reign (842), he became the governor of Huangzhou. Later he served as governor of Chizhou and Muzhou. Promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages for politics, and care about the people. In the second year of Dazhong reign of Emperor Xuanzong (848), with the help of Prime Minister Zhou Chi, he was appointed as Wailang, a member of the Department of Xun, a compiler of the History Museum, and was transferred to Wailang, a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. In the fourth year of Dazhong's reign, he became the governor of Huzhou. The following year, he was called to Beijing to serve as a doctor in the imperial examination and to know how to make imperial edicts. In the third year, he moved to Shushe. He died in Chang'an at the end of the year at the age of fifty. He is the author of "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Du Musheng was in an era when the Tang Dynasty seemed to want to revive but actually had no hope. Facing internal and external troubles, he was worried and eager to turn the tide and help the world and the people. He said of himself in "Drinking Alone in the Junzhao": "How can I hide it in the mountains and forests for my wife's sake? I have five colored threads in my life, and I would like to mend Shun's clothes. String songs teach Yan and Zhao, orchids bathe in the river Huang. The fishy smell is swept away, and the fierceness is covered with it." Fighting. People only sleep and eat, and the rich farmers and merchants in the longevity area. "He advocated the elimination of feudal towns and the recovery of frontiers. His demeanor of "a cheap man from Guanxi, swearing to be a slave to his flesh and blood" is very similar to Yue Fei's later "Man Jiang Hong". He praised Tan Zhong in "Yan Jiang Lu" because he was able to persuade the towns in Hebei not to resist the imperial court. In order to realize these ambitions, he advocated that when reading, one should pay attention to "the traces of the rise and fall of the chaos, wealth and armor, the dangers of the terrain, the distance and the distance, and the gains and losses of the ancients" ("The Book of Li Zhongcheng"). He emphasized that knowing how to fight is related to the rise and fall of a country: "The leader of the army, if he is a sage who can learn a lot and is knowledgeable, his country will be established; if he is strong and stabs the unlearned, his country will be defeated. Then believe in We know that those who serve the country have the most powerful soldiers, and those who are not good ministers and officials cannot be left to their own devices. If they are defeated, the true ministers and officials will be humiliated, and their faith is not false." ("Notes to Sun Tzu's Preface"). To this end, he wrote "Original Sixteenth Guards", "Sin Statement", "On Zhan", "Shou Lun" and "Notes on Sun Tzu". Because his talents are not appreciated, his wishes cannot be realized, so he often leads an unruly life. These all influenced his creation.

According to "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty", "Later generations commented on pastoral poems, such as copper pills running down the slopes and horses paying attention to the slopes, which are said to be round, fast and vigorous." Liu Xizai also called his poems "majestic and heroic" in "Yi Gui". If you read Du Mu carefully, you will see that he is as handsome and elegant as his poems, with a bold personality and a crane dancing in the sky.

Du Mu was born in a family of poets and calligraphers. Although he did not live a life full of bells and whistles, he never experienced any poverty. Grandfather Du You not only rose to the rank of prime minister, but was also a great scholar with extensive knowledge of ancient times and the present. He wrote the 200-volume "Tongdian".

This gave Du Mu, who was eager to learn since childhood, a profound foundation in family studies. As early as when he was taking the imperial examination, he had recited an "Afang Palace Fu" among the scribes. Wu Wuling, a Ph.D. from Taixue, high-fived him and even ran to recommend him to the examiner.

Du Mu is indeed talented and has outstanding political talent. He has specially studied Sun Tzu, written thirteen commentaries on "Sun Tzu", and also written many policy speeches. In particular, he once offered a plan to pacify the prisoners, which was adopted by Prime Minister Li Deyu and was a great success.

It’s a pity that Du Mu had talent but no weapons, and he was born at the wrong time in the declining late Tang Dynasty. The atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty has gone forever. The emperors are mediocre in talent, side affairs are constant, and the eunuchs have exclusive power. , the party struggle continues, a series of internal and external troubles are like ant nests bursting the embankments, and the ship of the Tang Dynasty is leaking externally and internally. Within a few years after Du Mu's death, peasant uprisings began to surge, and in another fifty years, the country had changed. "Please tell me how to kill prisoners, who can listen to me?" Du Mu's talent was lost in the vast sea of ??people.

Being familiar with history books and understanding the current situation, Du Mu could not turn the tide, so he had no choice but to hand over his grief and anger to the wine shop. For Du Mu, drinking has become a pleasure to heal injuries and relieve pain.

"Exalted people are busy with drinking", "But they will be drunk as a reward for the festival", "traveling for three days half drunk and half awake"... Du Mu likes wine, even on the way to worship his ancestors during the Qingming Festival, he risked Despite the drizzle, I didn't forget to ask the shepherd boy about the restaurant. In Du Mu's poems, there are many lines about drinking. He was even willing to "live ten thousand dynasties in his life, and get drunk every dynasty." Just now he was "begging for wine to soothe his sorrows", but unexpectedly he was "getting drunk and waking up from his sorrows". The wine soaked his liver and intestines, and he was haunted by sorrow. Alas, neither drunk nor awake. Du Mu once again uttered a sleep talk, "If you are drunk and sing Taiping songs, the benevolent and holy emperor will live forever." Then, give this body, this drunkenness, and a full belly of knowledge to the beauty in the brothel, to the confidante, to enjoy yourself in time, and to have a spring in the world.

Romance

Du Mu is uniquely romantic and has a reputation far and wide. In the prosperous Yangzhou, Du Mu travels all over the brothels and never returns with a hangover. As a result, Niu Sengru, the governor of Huainan Jiedu, was worried and secretly sent someone to protect him. One day, when Du Mu was transferred back to Beijing, Niu Sengru advised him not to be "irregular" and took out a box full of peace notes sent back by the soldiers. Du Mu felt ashamed and ashamed when he saw this. It is exactly "the dream of Yangzhou for ten years, winning the lucky reputation of a brothel", the words are full of eroticism. Du Mu's romantic anecdotes, like his talents, have been passed down to the world. Du Mu's most popular poems are Ode to History and Qijue. Du Mu's history chant is full of humor and ridicule, and full of lessons from the past and the present. Traveling through Red Cliff, he said that if Zhou Yu could not borrow the east wind, "Tongquechun would be locked up in two Qiaos", which went against ordinary people's thinking and gave people a new perspective. After passing Huaqing Palace, I remembered the scene when Concubine Yang enjoyed eating lychees. Du Mu lamented, "When a red concubine rides on a horse and smiles, no one knows it's the lychees." The small things make the big difference. Although the word "Tang Minghuang" does not appear, it highlights the character of the Anshi Rebellion. Central Plains Committee. Staying in Qinhuai at night, singing and dancing brought peace, but Du Mu could tell what kind of song it was. It was clearly the sound of the country's subjugation. If this continued, the fall of the Tang Dynasty would be just around the corner. Du Mu's chanting of history is the outside, while satirizing the present is the inside.

When Du Mu was about to die, he knew that his end was approaching and wrote his own epitaph. However, this short essay was written in an ordinary way and did not show the handwriting of a literary giant at all. According to the "New Book of Tang", when the epitaph was written, Du Mu closed his door at home, collected articles during his lifetime, burned them, and ordered only twenty-three tenths to be kept.

Perhaps, in the eyes of outsiders, Du Mu has been handsome and vigorous throughout his life, but behind his forced smile and drunkenness, there is a sadness that he does not want to show to others, right?