Appreciation of the article "Han Yu·Preface to the District Book"

Appreciation of the article "Han Yu·Send District Register ① Preface"

Yangshan is the poorest place in the world ②. The land has dangers of hills and dangers of tigers and leopards. The current of the river is strong and fast, and the waves are thrown by rocks, cheap swords and halberds. The boat loses its power up and down, and many people are often broken and drowned. There are no residents in the county, and there are no official officials. Among the deserted grass and bamboos in the Jiajiang River, there are more than ten families of petty officials, all of whom are talking about their faces. From the beginning, if you don't understand the language, you can draw the ground and make characters. Then you can ask for rent and pay for it, and you can make an appointment in time. Therefore, guests and tourists arrive with nothing to do.

The more I punished him, he was half a year old. There are people born in the area who vow to be good friends and come from the South China Sea in a boat. Rising from the guest level ⑧, his appearance is very majestic. Sitting with him and talking to him, his writing and meaning are outstanding. Zhuang Zhouyun said: "Those who escape from emptiness will be happy when they hear the sound of someone's feet." How can it be easy to find such a person? When I enter my room and hear the words of benevolence and righteousness in "Poems" and "Books", I will be happy. If you have ambition, In the meantime. With him, he sat on a rocky rock in Yijia Forest, casting a pole and fishing, enjoying himself peacefully. If he could leave behind his reputation and be powerful, he would not be tired of being poor and lowly. It is auspicious at the beginning of the year {12} to go back and pay homage to his relatives. The wine pot is tilted, and the order is to identify {13}.

Notes

①District registration: Han Yu’s students. At that time, Han Yu was demoted to the position of magistrate of Yangshan County, and District Secretary came all the way to study. The two got along very well. ②Yangshan: It belonged to Lianzhou in the Tang Dynasty, today's Yangshan County, Guangdong Province. ③Lian Li Pi (móu Mou) sword and halberd: The edges and corners are as sharp as a sword and halberd. Cheap and sharp. Sharp, sharp. 侔, equal. Sword and halberd, an ancient weapon, with two edges as a sword and three edges as a halberd. ④ Huangzhu: Bamboo clump. Huang is the general name for bamboo. ⑤Niaoyan Yimian: It describes the language of minority people, which is like the language of birds and difficult to understand. ⑥Follow the deadline: abide by the deadline. ⑦ Take (ráo Rao) boat: row a boat, punt a boat. ⑧Binjie: West level. In ancient times, when receiving guests, guests would go up the west steps and hosts would go up the east steps. ⑨跫 (qióng poor): the sound of pedestrians’ footsteps. ⑩Yijialin: Yi, hidden; Jialin, beautiful trees. {11}Shiji: Rocks in or next to water. {12} Chu Ji: In ancient times, the first to fifth day of each month in the lunar calendar were considered good luck. {13} Preface to identify: Write a preface to remember the feelings of parting.

This preface was written by Han Yu in the spring of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805) to his young friends when he was exiled to Yangshan. At that time, Han Yu was in an extremely depressed mood, but there were scholars from Guangdong who came by boat from the South China Sea to study. How valuable it was for the troubled and depressed Han Yu! When he was bidding farewell to his relatives in the district register, Han Yu wrote this preface and gave it to him, describing the unforgettable relationship between the two in Yangshan. The scenes blended together and had endless charm.

According to the traditional way of writing a gift preface, you should say farewell at the beginning. But this preface comes from the beginning, "Yangshan, the poorest place in the world", which is the first to say something and has unique skills. Then he closely focused on the word "poor" and used a bird's-eye view from a high place to "scan" how remote and poor Yangshan is. Then he only used 85 words to describe the mountains, rivers, poor county towns, political desolation, and cultural backwardness. From several aspects, it describes the remoteness and poverty of Yangshan Mountain. Let's talk about mountains first, "There are dangers of hills on land, and dangers of tigers and leopards"; and then talk about water, "The current of the river is strong and fast, and the rocks in the horizontal waves are cheap, sharp, swords and halberds, and the boat will lose its momentum up and down, and people will often be broken and drowned." The momentum flows down, making people's imagination run wild. It seemed as if I saw the steep cliffs of Yangshan Mountain, infested with tigers and leopards; the high and dangerous gorges of rivers and rivers, the tragic scene of boat capsizing and people dying; the desolate and lonely suburbs of the city, the dilapidated and crude county offices; the mysterious appearance of the people and the backward culture. No wonder Lin Yunming commented: "The article is as vivid as painting, and he is a master of sketching from life!"

Later, Han Yu wrote about his joy in getting along with the district director. The same is Yangshan. At this time, people feel that the Yangshan described by the author is no longer dangerous and thrilling, but has lush green trees, singing birds, clear rivers, and picturesque both sides of the river, which makes people feel cordial, happy and relaxed. .

In the first half of the chapter, Han Yu's mood after arriving in Yangshan was not directly revealed, but from the exaggerated words "the world" at the beginning of the chapter, from the extremely exaggerated exaggeration of the "poor" of Yangshan In the poem, the dissatisfied and sarcastic irony of "treating sin" at the end of the paragraph makes people deeply feel Han Yu's frustrated, lonely and lonely situation and mood after being demoted to Yangshan. It also highlights the impact of the district director's visit on him. of great comfort.

Comments from later generations

Zeng Guofan said: "The poem "Sending District Hongnan Return" is arrogant and ups and downs. This article was written at one time, so the route and the sentences are honest and strong, and it is consistent with Poems are similar.

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