What is the changing trend of modern social life? How to treat it? Urgent! ~! ~! ~

1) Changes in material life and social customs since the Opium War, profound changes have taken place in China society: the self-sufficient natural economy began to collapse, Chinese national capitalism emerged and developed, and there was a trend of industrialization; Politically, western capitalist ideas of constitutional monarchy, civil rights and equality have been introduced, and there has been a trend of democratization; Ideologically and culturally, he opposed traditional Confucianism and advocated learning from the West, resulting in the trend of scientific democracy. After the founding of New China, we are gradually moving towards modernization, material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization. With these changes, great changes have taken place in the social life of modern China. (1) Clothing: People's clothing basically reflects the economic outlook and modernization of a country or region. Before the Revolution of 1911, many people with lofty ideals took the lead in cutting off the braid symbolizing the Qing Dynasty and expressed their determination to oppose feudal autocracy. After the Revolution of 1911, the Nanjing Provisional Government issued a braid cutting order. In a few years, most men in the country cut their braids. The change of clothing is the appearance of tunic suit and cheongsam; At the same time, the bad habit of foot binding, which was harmful to women's physical and mental health, was abolished. For a long time before the reform and opening up in New China, people wore the same gray Chinese tunic suit or blue liberation suit, which was described as "blue (gray) ocean". At that time, people had to buy clothes with cloth tickets. After the reform and opening up, with the development of economy, clothing styles gradually diversified. Mainly men's suits and jackets, women's styles are more. Jeans are the favorite style of boys and girls, and they are also the most popular. Fashion shows showing novel styles will continue one venue after another, and the ever-changing fashions are dizzying. (2) Diet: Eating habits have strong national heritability, and are also greatly influenced and restricted by the natural environment and production methods. For example, the staple food in rice-growing agricultural areas in the south is rice, while the staple food in dry farming areas in the north is oats and millet. During the Republic of China, there were new changes in the diet structure. In some coastal cities, western food has gradually become a fashionable food. Cigarettes from abroad crowded out tobacco and hookah in China to a great extent. These phenomena have changed the traditional food industry in China. But in the vast rural areas, poor farmers still eat chaff and swallow vegetables, and there is no market for western food at all. From the late 1950s to the 1960s, the state rationed food for urban residents. With the development of economy, especially since the reform and opening up, the diet structure of most people is changing. Mainly due to the diversification of diet, the proportion of staple food has gradually decreased, and the proportion of non-staple food and fruit has gradually increased. The content of staple food is also changing. Rice, flour and other flour are staple foods, and the number of people who eat corn flour and sorghum flour is gradually decreasing. Meat food, all kinds of fresh aquatic products, fresh vegetables and drinks can be bought everywhere. (3) Housing: In terms of housing construction, there were still a large number of old-fashioned houses in cities and thatched houses in rural areas during the Republic of China. In coastal cities, some wealthy businessmen and bureaucrats built "foreign houses". There are electric lights and running water in the houses in the city, which brings convenience to the lives of ordinary people. Since the founding of New China, especially since 1980s, residents' housing has been continuously improved. Not only has the per capita living area expanded, but the interior decoration and living environment have also improved significantly. (4) OK: Traffic improved to some extent during the Republic of China. Sedan chairs and carriages are gradually decreasing, and rickshaws and bicycles have become common means of transportation. There are asphalt roads, buses and trams in the city. Road and railway traffic has also developed. After the founding of New China, great changes have taken place in traffic. Many new railways have been built. Besides buses and trams, there are taxis in urban transportation. Some big cities have begun to own subways. Bicycle is the main personal means of transportation for urban and rural people, so China is called "Bicycle Kingdom". Civil aviation has developed rapidly since the reform and opening up, and now all the people can fly. Making use of holiday tourism is a great change in the life content of many people in China since 1980s. People gradually broke the closed living environment in the past, leaving their families, their hometowns and counties, and traveling abroad. (2) Development of modern transportation and communication: (1) 19 At the end of this year, great powers competed to invest in the construction of railways in China, such as the Middle East Railway, Ji Jiao Railway, Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway and Yunnan-Vietnam Railway built by Russia, Germany, Britain and France respectively. The great powers gained high profits by building roads, controlling large areas of land and resources along the railway and transporting troops. Wherever the railways controlled by the great powers extend, their power extends. (2) The first railway built by China people themselves was the Jing-Zhang Railway built by Zhan Tianyou. (3) The traffic was developed during the Republic of China. (4) After the founding of New China, the people's government reformed the old railways, rebuilt many new railways and highways, and formed a brand-new network transportation pattern. For example, in 1950s, more than 30 railways including Baocheng and Xia Ying were built, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was built, and Kangzang, Qinghai-Tibet and Xinzang highways were built. Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway was built between 1957 and 1966. During 1966 ~ 1976, chengdu-kunming railway, Hunan-Guizhou Railway and Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge will be completed. Since the reform and opening up, Daqin Railway and Beijing-Kowloon Railway have been built. The Ningxi Railway and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway under construction are important measures to support the development of the western region. (5) In the early days of the founding of New China, the development of civil aviation was very slow. After the reform and opening up, the restrictions on flying have been gradually relaxed, and more and more people travel by plane. There are dozens of airlines now, and the number of routes and flights is still increasing. At present, there are air routes in big cities and some medium-sized cities in China, and there are direct air routes between big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai and many countries.

Communication: Modern communication is influenced by the second scientific and technological revolution. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was introduced to China. During the Republic of China, the postal service, telegraph and telephone, which were only used by the government, developed to a certain extent and gradually became the main way for people to communicate with each other. In 1950s and 1960s, communication mainly referred to the delivery of letters. Now, in addition to the traditional ordinary mail, registered mail and airmail, there are also express mail and express mail items. Since 1990s, people have started to use fax machines or networked computers to exchange emails with relatives and friends thousands of miles away. Telephone has basically spread to villages and towns, and more and more people use pagers and mobile phones. Since modern times, newspapers, movies, radio, computer network technology and other mass media have gradually spread, further enriching people's spiritual and cultural life. For example, digitalization characterized by the Internet is changing the world. 1. The main factors affecting the changes of material life and social customs include: the changes of economic system and the improvement of economic development level; Changes in the political system; The influence of scientific and technological revolution on people's material life and spiritual life; The role of ideological enlightenment and so on. (1) Economy: The completion of the industrial revolution has created enormous social wealth and promoted changes in people's lifestyles since modern times, such as the acceleration of urbanization. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's socialist construction has developed rapidly, laying a material foundation for the change of people's lifestyle. The government attaches importance to the development of science and technology, and puts forward that "science and technology are the primary productive forces". Three long-term plans for scientific and technological development have been formulated successively. For example, the third long-term plan plans to make breakthroughs in several major high-tech fields, such as bioengineering, space technology, information technology and laser technology, which will have a great impact on people's lives. (2) Politics: After the bourgeois revolution in modern times, democracy replaced autocracy, rule of law replaced rule of man, and equality replaced privilege; In China, the criticism and exposure of feudal autocracy in the Reform Movement, the proposition that "the sovereignty of the Republic of China belongs to all citizens" in the Revolution of 1911 and the respect and protection of human rights developed on this basis accelerated the democratization process. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the guiding principle of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts was established, and great progress was made in the construction of democracy and legal system, which created relaxed conditions for the changes of modern life. (3) Scientific and technological revolution: The rapid development of natural science has a profound impact on people's way of life and way of thinking. New inventions are constantly emerging. The achievements in trains, electric lights, wired and wireless telegrams, telephones, movies, ships, typewriters and many other high-tech fields have provided unprecedented help for the improvement of people's daily lives. The discovery of oil and the popularity of cars, trains and ships have promoted the development of transportation and expanded people's activities.

4) Ideological Enlightenment: The Enlightenment in Europe, the Reform Movement of 1898 in China, the Revolution of 1911, the New Culture Movement, the May 4th Movement and the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee all promoted people's ideological emancipation. For example, after the Reform Movement of 1898, new schools mushroomed all over the country, and the number of young people receiving new education increased greatly, which played an important role in promoting new lifestyles. New China has vigorously developed education, and the education level of citizens has generally improved, and higher education has become popular, which has had a far-reaching impact on people's thinking, food, clothing, housing and transportation. 2. The spread and influence of western material civilization and lifestyle in China For more than 100 years, the biggest social change in China has been social life, and every aspect of food, clothing, housing and transportation has been engraved with western influence. The influence of modern western lifestyles on China is a gradual process from coastal to inland, and from urban to rural areas. The urban population, especially those in coastal cities, is the first group to accept the influence of the west, while the vast rural areas have not changed much. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, western manufactured goods flooded into China, and the position of homespun in China people's clothing gradually gave way to foreign yarn and foreign cloth, and the home textile industry gradually disappeared. At the same time, with the disintegration of the natural economy, people have to start to seek a livelihood in cities outside the countryside, which fundamentally breaks the traditional life mode of combining agriculture with cottage industry. The change of lifestyle has caused the relaxation of etiquette and legal order. Ordinary people no longer worry about the clothing system and identity restrictions, but freely choose their own clothes. Urban residents eat flour and rice ground by machines and drink tap water, and some cities have gradually developed western-style catering industries. Milk, soda, beer, coffee, biscuits, bread, monosodium glutamate and other western or eastern foods all occupy a place in the China market. In coastal cities, some wealthy businessmen built "foreign buildings", which added new content to the construction industry in China. Instead of walking to work, city residents use bicycles and faster trams and cars. The modern western material civilization and lifestyle had a double impact on China. On the one hand, everything in the West forced its way into China people's lives with the brutal aggression of artillery and colonialism, which destroyed the long-term stable and quiet social environment in China and forced China people to give up their original lifestyle and choose a new one, and suffered the pain caused by this change. On the other hand, the new electrical appliances, new things and new lifestyles introduced into China by the west are advanced to some extent, representing the development direction of new productive forces; Moreover, once these things entered China, they played a powerful role in destroying the traditional and backward productive forces and lifestyles, effectively promoted the transformation of modern social structure in China, and triggered new changes in China society towards modernization.

It is a long, long process for new things to replace old things. How should we view the changes of modern social life in China?

For example, the China Railway went from the initial tens of kilometers to the later Qian Qian meters; At first, there were only a few wired telegrams and dozens of telephones in the country by modern means of communication. Although it seems that the number is very small now, and its proportion in the whole social life is insignificant, it could not be popularized to ordinary people's homes at that time, but it can be seen that the changes of social life in modern China are limited. Although these changes are limited, they show that the social life in modern China is undergoing great historical changes, which conforms to the mainstream trend of human historical development, represents the direction of advanced culture in human history and has unlimited vitality.