What is the function of tourism consumption?

The most direct and distinctive feature of tourism is its consumption characteristics. From the perspective of supply and demand, tourism has the characteristics of asymmetric skew structure, that is, the role of tourism in economic development is to expand and organize demand, and its fundamental feature is the process of reorganizing tourism demand and supply factors with the market as the intermediary. Therefore, the grasp of the characteristics of tourism economy can not be found in the supply and demand equation of general industries, but in the skewed structure of asymmetric supply and demand, so we can understand the tourism industry from the process of market demand. Huge market demand has driven huge tourism consumption, which can be proved by the statistical data of tourism income over the years. Therefore, it is necessary to re-understand the role of tourism consumption.

First, a new understanding of the role of tourism consumption

At present, governments at all levels attach great importance to the development of tourism and have high hopes for developing tourism and making it a new economic growth point. Many provinces and cities cultivate tourism as a pillar industry or leading industry, and have achieved remarkable results in some provinces and cities such as Yunnan, Hainan, Xi and Guilin. Therefore, we should evaluate the role of tourism consumption from the perspective of industry.

1. Developing tourism consumption is conducive to adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure. Tourism not only directly plays a great role in the development of finance, insurance, service, communication and other industries in the tertiary industry, but also indirectly affects the development of the primary and secondary industries as a leading industry in the upgrading of industrial structure.

2. Tourism is an industry with high correlation and strong impetus to development. According to the calculation of Nomura Research Institute in Japan, the tourism consumption expenditure per unit in developed countries can increase the industrial output value by 2.7 1 times, the national income by 1.36 times, the employment by 0.79 times and the investment by 0.25 times. In developing countries, its role is relatively higher, which can be expanded by 3.7 times, 2.7 times, 0.9 times and 0.9 times respectively. From 65438 to 0998, China's tourism revenue was 343.86 billion yuan. According to this calculation, the indirect contribution of tourism to industrial output value and national income reached 93 126 billion yuan and 467.65 billion yuan respectively.

3. Increase employment opportunities and promote social stability. Generally speaking, tourism is a labor-intensive industry, and developing tourism is more conducive to solving the employment problem than developing other industries. With the development of tourism in depth and breadth, more employees will join the tourism industry. The practice of some developed countries shows that the average cost of arranging tourism employment is 36.3% lower than that of other economic sectors. For every direct job added in tourism, more than five related indirect jobs can be added. China is a country rich in labor resources. Developing tourism consumption will greatly help solve the employment problem and promote social stability.

4. Narrow the differences in regional economic development. The flow of people, logistics, information and capital derived from tourism activities makes the economic development between regions tend to be dynamic and balanced, which is conducive to narrowing the economic development gap between regions.

Second, economic growth has created conditions for the development of tourism consumption.

The development of tourism consumption is inseparable from the promotion of economic growth. This is because production determines consumption, and the level of productivity determines consumption level, consumption structure and consumption mode. With the increase of a country's production capacity or actual output, economic growth is actually the development of social productive forces. Generally speaking, economic growth can create conditions for the development of tourism consumption from the following aspects.

1. Improve the income level of residents. Residents' income is closely related to tourism consumption. According to relevant research data, when the per capita GNP exceeds 300 dollars, there will be a strong desire to travel, when the per capita GNP exceeds 65,438 dollars+0,000 dollars, there will be a desire to travel across continents, and when the per capita GNP exceeds 3,000 dollars, there will be a desire to travel across continents. After World War II, with the economic growth of some western countries, the per capita GNP increased rapidly, and per capita disposable income gradually increased. The rapid economic growth in some developing countries has also increased the disposable income of residents, which has created a prerequisite for tourism consumption. In recent years, domestic tourism in China, international tourism in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and Macao are in the ascendant, which is a good sign of rapid economic growth in China.

2. Increase residents' leisure time. With the economic growth, the labor productivity is greatly improved, the official time is shortened, the housework is reduced, and the leisure time such as entertainment and leisure is prolonged. Not only in many developed countries, but also in many developing countries, the Friday work system has become a reality. The paid vacation system has also been implemented in many countries, which provides the possibility for family tourism consumption and is favored by more and more families.

3. Promote the rapid development of transportation and communication technology. With the improvement of transportation and communication means, the space of the earth is relatively reduced, and the distance between the worlds is relatively shortened. The great improvement of sea, land and air traffic conditions has greatly shortened travel time, reduced travel costs and improved the quality of tourism consumption. In recent decades, communication technology has developed rapidly. Now, with modern communication means, almost all regions in the world can have direct, visible and convenient contact, which further lays a good foundation for the development of tourism consumption.

4. Change the consumption structure of residents. With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, durable consumer goods in people's consumption structure are basically saturated and material enjoyment is basically satisfied. The proportion of spiritual civilization consumption in the consumption structure will inevitably rise gradually. Tourism consumption, as an integral part of spiritual life and enjoyment of life, as a source of increasing knowledge, has developed rapidly with the change of people's consumption structure.

It is precisely because economic growth has created favorable conditions for the development of tourism consumption that tourism consumption has developed rapidly in recent decades. According to statistics, during the period of 1960, there were only 69 million international tourists, and the international tourism income was only 6.867 billion US dollars. After 36 years of development, by 1996, the number of international tourists reached 592 million, and the world tourism income reached 423 1 billion dollars.

Third, measures and policies to improve the quality of tourism consumption and promote the development of tourism.

1. Shape and improve the tourism consumption system and security system, and create a relaxed tourism consumption environment. The tourism consumption system should be a complete organic whole and should not be separated from each other. All aspects of tourism consumption should be rationally allocated to form a system with perfect functions and organic connections. This system should form an interdependent organic whole from the construction of tourism investment system, the improvement of tourism information transmission system, the improvement of tourism consultation system and the establishment of tourism security system, so as to develop and improve tourism consumption system and security system, and then promote tourism development and economic growth.

2. For tourism consumers, the two basic factors that determine tourism consumption are "money and leisure". At present, for the domestic market, durable consumer goods have become saturated, and people's travel motivation and demand are increasingly strong. Therefore, to guide people's consumption direction reasonably, tourism consumption is an important aspect. Therefore, corresponding measures should be taken to encourage people to spend on tourism, such as the tourism credit issued by Dalian, which is a good measure. With regard to leisure, it is necessary to formulate a corresponding vacation system, for example, as an incentive mechanism, through measures such as rewarding travel, to improve the work efficiency of employees and increase their knowledge.

3. For tourism consumers, that is, eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping, and entertainment are all rest places for tourism consumption. These links provide corresponding services for tourists, and the total amount of services in each link is subject to the tourist flow. Therefore, for a local tourist consumer, there should be a reasonable "quantity" proportional relationship between eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment. As far as the internal system of each link is concerned, there is also a proportional relationship between internal hierarchical structure and "quantity" Whether the tourism industry in a place can develop healthily, whether the proportional relationship between the above-mentioned "quantity" is reasonable and whether the development is coordinated is very important. The government's macro-control management should be reflected in these aspects. On the one hand, by studying the local advantages and disadvantages, we can master a lot of market information, guide the investment direction through information release and consultation, on the other hand, we can standardize the development of each link by formulating corresponding incentive policies and restrictive measures.