The most meaningful tourist souvenir of Sanhe in the ancient town?

Sanhe, a thousand-year-old town, is the most meaningful tourist souvenir. It is the witness of history and the accumulation of culture. As an ancient water town, it has different significance, and it also represents the characteristics of the ancient town, with far-reaching significance! Support!

Several production bases of oil-paper umbrellas in China.

Oil-paper umbrella is a traditional folk craft in China. Sanhe in Anhui, Luzhou in Sichuan, Yuhang in Zhejiang, Wuyuan in Jiangxi, Changsha in Hunan, Fuzhou in Fujian, Xingyang in Yunnan and MINO in Taiwan Province are all famous oil-paper umbrellas production bases in the history of China.

★ Anhui Sanhe Oil Paper Umbrella

The oil-paper umbrella in Sanhe Ancient Town, Hefei, China, originated in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and has a history of more than 400 years. Its main features are elegant appearance, durability and good collection value, and it is also the longest production base in the history of Jiangnan area.

Sanhe Guzhen Oil Paper Umbrella Fan Crafts Factory specializes in the development, design, production, sales and promotion of oil paper umbrella culture. On the basis of inheriting the traditional craft of traditional oil-paper umbrella, the company combines traditional elements with fashion elements, pursues the unity of classicality and fashion, and is widely used in decoration, dance, props, gifts, travel, decoration, wedding, birthday, etiquette, couples, collection and so on.

Sanhe oil-paper umbrella is made of high-quality wood and bamboo, leather paper and tung oil. The main working procedures include cutting umbrella ribs, sawing gourd, assembling umbrella ribs, boiling and drying umbrella ribs, installing umbrella keys, pasting leather paper, painting umbrella cover, trimming umbrella pages, painting tung oil, threading decorative threads, mounting handle hammers and tying umbrella cover knots. * * There are nearly 30 processes.

★ Sichuan Luzhou Oil Paper Umbrella

Sichuan Luzhou oil-paper umbrella originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and has a history of more than 400 years. Its main feature is that it can be used as rain gear for a long time, and it is the largest production base of rain gear red umbrella in history.

After the popularity of umbrellas, Luzhou oil-paper umbrella technology gradually declined. Oil-paper umbrella has complex technology, high production cost and low profit, so it is difficult to attract young people to enter this industry. In 2000, only a dozen local old craftsmen continued this technology. At that time, many people were worried that the oil-paper umbrella in Luzhou would be lost. After several years of hard work, the number of people who can make oil-paper umbrellas in Luzhou has gradually increased.

At present, oil-paper umbrellas are still made by traditional ancient methods, and more than 20 processes are all manual, from cutting bamboo to drawing patterns, without using machines. Materials also adhere to tradition, such as umbrella stands, which must be cut down from the mountains. Strict quality control requires that the "four furrows" should be flat and not exposed, the "teeth" should not be exposed, the "embryo" and "support" should not be exposed to the nostrils of pigs, and tung oil should also be evenly applied. The design is also very particular, suitable for different festive occasions.

Luzhou oil-paper umbrella is the only "national intangible cultural heritage" in China oil-paper umbrella industry because of its ancient manufacturing process tradition. Local governments at all levels actively guide and support the development of oil-paper umbrella industry, and we believe that in the near future, Luzhou oil-paper umbrella will surely reappear its former glory.

★ Zhejiang Yuhang Oil Paper Umbrella

Paper umbrellas made in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province have a history of at least 230 years. In the thirty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong (1769), Dong Wenyuan opened an umbrella shop in Jiufang. There are many kinds of oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang, including fishing umbrellas and civilized umbrellas. Because of the excellent technology and excellent materials, the umbrella is durable and will not fall apart and crack in the sun and rain, so it is very popular. In the past, many foreign pilgrims knocked at the door in the middle of the night to buy umbrellas as gifts for relatives and friends in their hometown.

195 1 year, Zhejiang province chose yuhang paper umbrella as the pilot of handicraft cooperation, and established the umbrella handicraft cooperative at the end of 1952, becoming the first handicraft production cooperative in the province, which was widely reported by domestic media. With the appearance of steel umbrella in the market, this kind of paper umbrella is gradually eliminated, and Yuhang oil-paper umbrella technology is also on the verge of extinction.

Until June 5438+February 5, 2006, Jiang Jun, deputy secretary of Yuhang District Party Committee and acting district head, stayed in Tangbu Village, Pingyao. Liu Youquan, an umbrella maker, told Jiang Jun that he wanted to restore Yuhang paper umbrellas, develop tourism commodities for local villagers and get rich, so as to cater to the trend of farmhouse tourism in recent years. When the oil-paper umbrella began to be eliminated, Liu Youquan came up with the idea of inheriting this traditional craft. Soon, he found a manufacturer of bamboo umbrella stands in Fuyang and bought 100 bamboo umbrella stands for several hundred yuan. But he didn't master the processing technology at that time, and he could only keep the umbrella ribs well for more than 30 years. On February 7, 65438, the headline of Urban and Rural Herald reported "Looking for an Umbrella Maker to Repair Yuhang Paper Umbrella", which aroused great concern of local people. /kloc-Feb. 0/9/kloc-Feb. 9, four masters, Fang Jinquan, Chen Yuexiang, Shen Lihua and Sun Shuigen, gathered in Tangbu Village, Pingyao Town to discuss the restoration of Yuhang paper umbrella. June 5438+October 2007 10, they successfully resumed making oil-paper umbrellas with dexterous hands. They taught skills in Tangbu Village, Pingyao, which led a large number of bamboo farmers in mountainous areas to become rich. Yuhang District Wenguang New Bureau will focus on protecting paper umbrellas as a folk handicraft project, and Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture will also include Yuhang oil-paper umbrellas in the intangible cultural heritage list of Zhejiang Province. In June of the same year, Yuhang paper umbrella was exhibited in the first exhibition of intangible cultural heritage protection achievements in Hangzhou.

Making umbrellas requires high manual skills. Umbrellamakers should use their own skills and experience to complete it. Skills are passed down from mentoring and can be mastered through mentoring and personal understanding and long-term practical experience. Apprentices need three years to start their studies. The tools used are specially made by blacksmiths, and the materials used for umbrellas are also very particular. The good peach paper on it is the umbrella cover, soaked in persimmon paint and stuck to the umbrella ribs one by one. Persimmon paint is persimmon juice mashed and squeezed when oil persimmon is green. It's sticky and won't stick to peach paper. The bamboo umbrella handle and ribs are tied with hair. After the umbrella surface is attached, draw a pattern, coat it with tung oil, and then hang it in a cool place indoors to dry. At least 70 processes are needed, including bamboo sawing, scraping, flat cutting, bone splitting, grooving, bone cutting, rib arrangement, umbrella supporting, umbrella pasting, and handle mounting.

★ Jiangxi Jialu Oil Paper Umbrella

The oil-paper umbrella produced in Jialu Village, Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province is simple in technology, elegant in shape, strong and light, and is known as "Jinxi DuDu Umbrella". According to legend, in the Song Dynasty, local people were appointed as prime ministers and brought an oil-paper umbrella from Beijing to their hometown. Jaru people constantly improve their craft and make umbrellas from generation to generation.

1943 is the peak period, with an output of 250,000 pieces and exports of170,000 pieces. In the early 2000' s, only three elderly people over 80 years old taught their skills, and one of the raw materials, the oil persimmon tree, was an endangered species, so the A-road oil-paper umbrella was facing extinction. In view of this, the local umbrella industry has improved its technology, developed new varieties such as natural leaves and coated paper, and improved the quality of oil-paper umbrellas, which are exported to the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries. The county encourages farmers to do primary processing at home after learning technology, and then deep processing by umbrella factories for large-scale production. At present, a large number of professionals have been formed in Zhongyun, Fuchun and Xucun.

Alu paper umbrella is made of high quality wood and bamboo, leather paper, tung oil and other materials. The main working procedures include cutting umbrella ribs, sawing gourd, assembling umbrella ribs, boiling and drying umbrella ribs, installing umbrella keys, pasting leather paper, painting umbrella surfaces, trimming umbrella pages, painting tung oil, threading decorative threads, mounting handle hammers and tying umbrella surfaces. * * There are nearly 30 processes.

★ Hunan Changsha Oil Paper Umbrella

The oil-paper umbrella in Changsha, Hunan Province has a history of 100 years. The earliest umbrella shop in Changsha was Tao Hengtai Paper Umbrella Shop, which was founded by Tao Jiqiao in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. A few years later, another pottery paper umbrella shop opened nearby. "Tao" umbrella works fine, strictly follows the ancestral craft and selects exquisite materials. Made of overwintering old bamboo tubes and high-grade cloud paper, tied with self-spun soil yarn. And the operation is fine and strict. The top layer is wrapped with silk cotton, the middle bone is knotted with hair rope, the umbrella edge is clamped with wool rope, and the umbrella embryo is made of thick silk thread. After preparation, it is concentrated in dog days and soaked in raw tung oil for three times in a row. Excellent quality, won the reputation.

/kloc-in 0/900, Liang Jingting studied at Liang Hongmao Umbrella Shop in Beizheng Street, Changsha, and was later listed as Liang Hong Hair Umbrella Company, which produced old-fashioned paper umbrellas with clear oil and black oil and special umbrellas for duck sheds. The produced paper umbrella is fine in workmanship and durable, and has won the reputation of "Xiangtan Clogs and Beijing-Hong Kong Oil Umbrella". 192 1 year, Pan Huiqing founded Feifei Umbrella Factory to produce paper umbrellas. In addition to traditional flower paintings, there are also spray flowers, prints and decals, and the patterns are also diverse. Exported to Hongkong, Macau and Southeast Asia, and won the first prize in 1929 China Commodity Fair. The highest annual output of locally produced oil-paper umbrellas is close to 30,000. Until February 1975, the Jinggang Umbrella Society was cancelled, the Jinggang oil-paper umbrella stopped production, and the paper umbrella industry in other parts of Changsha also declined.

The raw materials of Changsha paper umbrella are leather paper, bamboo, cotton yarn, hair rope, tung oil, persimmon water, pigment, horn and wood.

★ Hubei Hankou Oil Paper Umbrella

The oil-paper umbrella produced by Suhengtai Umbrella Store in Hankou, Hubei Province has a history of 100 years. 1864, Su Wen from Hunan saved 30 strings (1 string is 1000) and began to invest in making umbrellas at home. He improved the umbrella-making technology he learned, and the finished products were always in short supply. Soon, Su Hengtai Umbrella Store was opened at the entrance of Kuidou Lane, Guandi Temple, Hanzheng Street, with 12 employees and 3 apprentices. It can sell 500 umbrellas and 600 umbrellas a month, which promotes the local umbrella market. Later, a workshop was opened in Xianxian Lane, Huo Da Road, and the production mode changed from one person to five people making umbrellas. In the nine years of Tongzhi, Su Hengtai sold 700 umbrellas every month with an annual profit of nearly 200 articles.

Su Hengtai's umbrella is made of superior materials, including bamboo in Chaling, Hunan, wood in Yiyang, Changde, tung oil, leather paper in Shaanxi and persimmon oil in Luotian County, Hubei Province, which can last for 8 to 12 years. Very popular with local people, Jianghan Plain used to buy red and blue Su Hengtai umbrellas when they got married, with men supporting red and women supporting blue, which meant "a happy marriage between men and women". Until 1970, Su Hengtai oil-paper umbrella stopped production, and this folk craft also disappeared in the local area.

★ Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella

Oil-paper umbrella is one of the "Three Treasures of Fuzhou" (the other two are bodiless lacquerware and horn comb), which used to play an important role in the life of Fuzhou people in Fujian. There is a local saying called "luggage umbrella", which means that everyone who goes out has an umbrella. The oil-paper umbrella in Fuzhou can be traced back to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Wang led troops south to Fujian to build its capital, and people from the Central Plains and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces brought umbrella-making technology to Fuzhou. The Qing dynasty entered a period of prosperity. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than 300 umbrella shops in the city at most. In the boycott of Japanese goods after the Revolution of 1911, Fuzhou citizens called the traditional Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella "national umbrella" and strongly advocated its use.

Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella must be made of high-quality materials produced in local or nearby areas, and the umbrella frame must be made of Qingshan old bamboo with strong elasticity and toughness for more than five years in northern Fujian. An umbrella must go through 83 processes to complete. Yang Changli's umbrella shop on Zhong Ting Street is the most famous. It has the characteristics of "fine selection of materials, greasy face and elegant painting". The bamboo used must be Qingshan old bamboo, and the paper on the umbrella surface must be special cotton paper for Fujian Province. At the World Expo held in Panama in 19 15, the judges tested the "double happiness" paper umbrella produced by Yang Changli, and found that it can withstand repeated retraction of 1 170 times, without stopping the top, line and slot, and the umbrella handle will not break for 20 minutes under the five-level headwind. After its establishment, People's Republic of China (PRC) was awarded the title of famous brand product by Fuzhou Municipal People's Committee for many times.

The traditional umbrella-making process in Fuzhou is divided into five parts: rib-making, umbrella-making, umbrella head, umbrella handle and flower painting, among which "umbrella-making" is the mainstream, but it only completes the processes of "umbrella embryo", "oiling" and "assembly", and the rib, umbrella handle and umbrella head need to be purchased from other places. The best umbrella rib is the "Houzhou Gang". /kloc-The umbrella ribs made by Houzhoubang in the 1950s are like bamboo pipes, with no cracks and no water leakage. The most famous producer of umbrella handle is Wang Yigou House in Yangzhong Pavilion. Cheng Jiabao, Lin and Liu are the most famous umbrella painters. Cheng Jiabao is good at painting and calligraphy, Lin is good at drawing flowers and birds, and Liu's Foreign Scenery is also quite famous.

During the Great Leap Forward, local umbrella factories merged into "Fuzhou Umbrella General Factory". Soon, due to the competition of silk-like umbrellas in Wenzhou, the factory sent Lin to Wenzhou to study art and improved Fuzhou oil-paper umbrellas, which sold well in local and Southeast Asia. After the Cultural Revolution, because of the popularity of cloth umbrellas, Fuzhou oil-paper umbrellas changed from practical products to handicrafts. 1985, the oil-paper umbrella produced by this factory was exported to Japan, Europe and Southeast Asia, and withdrew from the European and Southeast Asian markets three years later. In recent years, the raw materials and technology of paper umbrellas have been improved. Each umbrella has 72 ribs, which are large when propped up and small when closed, and are shaped like a snake waist, hence the name "snake umbrella".

During the period of 1990s, Lin Aizhi, the leader of Fuzhou Municipal Committee, went to Seattle, USA to attend the World Flower Umbrella Art Festival and displayed a red umbrella, which caused a sensation throughout the audience. Fuzhou umbrella factory closed down on 1997, and the paper umbrella industry in Fuzhou declined. At present, only one workshop in Ximen, Fuzhou continues to produce paper umbrellas and export them to Japan. Although some umbrella-making craftsmen have changed jobs, they still hope to revitalize the umbrella-making industry and hope that the local government will support them.

★ Fujian Yangkou Oil Paper Umbrella

The oil-paper umbrella in Yangkou Town, Nanping, Fujian Province is one of the famous brands of Fujian paper umbrella (the other two are Shuikou and Minqingkou). Production began in the early 20th century, with a maximum annual output of over 50,000 umbrellas. Girls in southeastern Jiangxi used to be proud of this marriage. From the 1970' s, traditional oil-paper umbrellas were gradually replaced by new cloth umbrellas and folding umbrellas, and local umbrellas changed from practical to small, exquisite, light and beautiful, with various hand-drawn patterns.

★ Yunnan Xingyang Oil Paper Umbrella

The umbrella industry in Xingyang Village, Tengchong, Yunnan Province has a history of more than 200 years and has been passed down for nine generations. It is also called "paper tray". According to legend, when Master Zheng from Tengyuecheng County was wandering outside, he met two masters named Zhang and Zhou who could make paper umbrellas in West Street and took them back to his hometown. Oil-paper umbrellas produced locally have been handed down from generation to generation to supply the whole western Yunnan market. Many local Hakkas live in compact communities, and they like oil-paper umbrellas best. Village head Zheng pointed out that 80% of the villagers in the village used to make paper umbrellas and other woven products, which were passed down from generation to generation. Today, only four families in the village are still making oil-paper umbrellas, and there are five people who can do it, three of whom are over the age of ancient times. At present, the Zheng family has the best technology and exquisite materials. The natural tung oil and persimmon water in the paint should be prepared according to the ancient method. The finished product is solid and beautiful, and only one or two can be made a day. His oil-paper umbrella won the third prize of Yunnan folk artist. In addition, Zheng Yinglou also made a big paper umbrella, because in the past, merchants liked to put a big paper umbrella in front of the store, which could shelter from rain and sun, attract investment and attract customers, so it was also called "taking care of the umbrella". Now they only make umbrellas in the off-season.

The colored paper umbrellas made here have fine workmanship, bright colors, beautiful styles and high quality, and have been sold well in Baoshan, Dali, Kunming and other places. From 1950 to 195 1, 57 households were employed, with an annual output of 40,000 umbrellas. 1952, 60 households with 90 people, with an annual output of 30,000 pieces, of which large umbrellas account for 10%. 1953 took the road of state-owned trade and cooperative processing, which improved the specifications and quality. The number of threads increased from 4 to 6, and the profit (including tax) in that year was about 13000 yuan. 1954, 62 households with 92 people, and the products are sold to ethnic minority areas, Baoshan, county towns and Myanmar. From 1958 to 1960, the state-owned Sanhua factory produced oil-paper floret umbrellas. After 1965, because cloth umbrellas and nylon umbrellas replaced oil-paper umbrellas as daily necessities, small oil-paper umbrellas stopped production and only a few large oil-paper umbrellas were sold to roadside stalls for use. In recent years, the local paper umbrella industry has once again attracted attention. As a handicraft industry, the production of small umbrellas has been restored, but the output is not large. On May 2, 2006, Kloc-0, Zhou Te, director of Tengchong County Cultural Production Office, and others visited the local paper umbrella production base to seek the way of paper umbrella industrialization development. Now local umbrellas are mainly made to inherit folk crafts.

The paper umbrella uses bamboo produced in Yunhe and Gu Yong and local wood as its handle and ribs. The umbrella cover is covered with structured paper bought by Jietou, and coated with oil of Fructus Bambusae or tung oil, which is called "green clothes". The working procedures include cutting umbrella ribs, winding, paper pasting, watering persimmons, closing umbrellas, airing umbrellas, painting, installing umbrella handles, painting tung oil, nailing cloth ends and winding.

★ Oil-paper umbrella in MINO, Taiwan Province Province

Besides the oil-paper umbrella made in Chinese mainland, Meinong, Taiwan Province Province still retains the oil-paper umbrella. The manufacturing method of oil-paper umbrella is entirely hand-made, and the slender umbrella ribs are all made by soaking Meng Zongzhu in water in Taichung. Bamboo is hard and elastic, because all its sugar is removed, so it won't cause moth-eaten. After drilling and threading, a circular paper umbrella skeleton is formed. Then stick the fan-shaped tissue paper to the skeleton one by one with cottonseed oil. Waterproof tung oil will be applied after exposure. The oil-paper umbrella was successfully made. Tung oil paper umbrella not only has waterproof function, but also increases the toughness of cotton paper, making the original monotonous cotton paper bright and transparent.