The origin of the name of Dali Temple?

Dali Temple

An official office in ancient China that was responsible for trials, rehabilitation, and prison. It was first established in the Northern Qi Dynasty and was followed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the first year of Wu Dynasty (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang appointed the Secretary of State in Dali, with a rank of three. The following year Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded him after he proclaimed himself emperor. Since then, it has been established and closed from time to time, and its name and organization have also been constantly changed. In the Yongle period, the structure was first finalized. Dali Temple had one Qing, one left and right Shaoqing respectively, and there were left and right temple ministers, left and right temple ministers, etc. The main responsibility of Dali Temple is to review the world's criminal names. If there is any discrepancy in the crime, it will be refuted according to the law; Together with the Ministry of Punishment and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, it is collectively known as the Three Law Divisions. The Ministry of Punishment receives the name of punishment from all over the world, the Metropolitan Procuratorate conducts inspections, and the Dali Temple refutes corrections. No officials will be sent to prison without approval from Dali Temple. When trying cases in Dali Temple, torture instruments and prisons were initially installed. After Hongzhi, only the case files were read, and no prisoners came to the temple. Major cases will be jointly tried by the three judicial departments. The Ministry of Criminal Justice and the Metropolitan Procuratorate will be the main ones in the initial trial, and the Dali Temple will be the main party in the review. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuchs took over the punishment. Even during the great trial of Dali Temple, the eunuch was in the public case, and the ministers were under his instructions, so the Dali Temple was in name only. Following the Ming system in the Qing Dynasty, Dali Temple was established, with the same responsibilities as those in the Ming Dynasty. In the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906), Dali Temple was renamed the Liyuan Temple.

Dali Temple used to have one person in Ban Temple and one person in charge of Shaoqing affairs. In the third year of Jianlong's reign, Dou Yi, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, judged temple affairs. All prison litigation matters will be impeached as a result of the lawsuit. The temple will no longer hear the hearings, but will be responsible for the whole world to report the prison and send it to the criminal court for detailed investigation, and the same department will be presented to the court. There were eight detailed judge officials, who were filled with officials from the capital. In the early days of the country, Dali's Zheng, Cheng, and Pingshi all had their own staff, and they were in charge of judge. After that, when someone chooses another official to clarify the law, if he often participates in the official position, he will also be a minister; if he does not often participate in the official position, he will also serve as a minister. This is called a detailed judgment official. The original six people were later increased to eleven, and the names of Zheng and Cheng were removed. It was settled in the second year of Xianping.

The two law-directed officials were appointed as shogunate, prefecture and county officials, while those in the capital were appointed prosecutors.

The official system of Yuanfeng consisted of one minister, two minor ministers, two chief ministers, four prime ministers, six chief ministers, six direct ministers, two out of ten judges, and two chief clerks. Qing is in charge of breaking prisons, detailing punishments, and banishing. The same positions are assigned to the left and right: those who are ordered to impeach officials, generals, and prisoners below the imperial court are assigned to the left to judge the punishment. If there are hundreds of ministers in Beijing who should be promoted, or if there is a special commission to investigate and the property belonging to the officials should be investigated, they will be assigned to the right to govern the prison, and the prime minister will exclusively recommend Ji. Gai Shaoqing takes charge of his affairs, but Qing is in charge. Those who should be reviewed by the prison should go to the Ministry of Punishment. For those who have been ordered to be executed or who have committed serious crimes, the minister and the subordinate officials will ask for a memorial. If the prison is empty or cut off, the censor will hear the truth. There are only one case out of ten and nine out of sixty officials assigned.

First of all, under the old system, Dali Temple persuaded the world to report cases but not to prison. In the fifth year of Xining's reign, two detailed officials were added to make ten members. In the seventh year, the fourteenth academic officer was appointed as the detailed judger, and the sixth academic officer was appointed as the detailed review officer. In the ninth year, the imperial edict stated that "all the prisons in the official temples of the capital are under the control of the Secretary of the Kaifeng Prefecture and the three courtyards of the left and right military patrols. There are many prisoners and obscene people, and it is difficult to wait for the interrogation. There are also many people who die due to heat, and the fate is stagnant. At that time, the Ji Shen story should belong to the Liguan, and Dali Prison could be restored. "Cui Taifu was appointed as the Minister of Affairs, Jian Zhoufu and Yang Ji were appointed as the Shaoqing, and each was appointed as the Prime Minister and the Procurator. At the beginning of the year, Shenzong said that it was not right to abolish the Dali Prison at the beginning of the country, so he asked Sun Zhu, who agreed with the purpose. When the time came, he ordered officials to build a temple and it was completed in seventeen days. In the second year of Yuanfeng, he issued an edict: "Dali Temple has recently held a ceremony to regulate prison affairs, push the wheel and follow the rules, all based on justice. There are many lenient holidays, and there must be scruples to avoid harm, just like the day before. It is advisable to follow the system. According to the regulations of the court and the censor's desk, the report was not submitted to the inspection department. "Three years later, the edict was still submitted. According to the regulations of Yushitai, all officials and subordinates are prohibited from visiting. He also ordered the Inspection Department to inspect those who have entered or exited the temple inappropriately, including those above the rank of Disciple Disciple, and to investigate the cases. In the fifth year, the imperial edict was issued not to use Dali temple officials as examiners. In the sixth year, he also issued an edict: "Whenever a public case is decided, first go to the chief to see if it is correct or not. If there is any difficulty in making corrections, sign and mark the date, and then go to the deliberation department for review; if there are any difficulties, make a note of the corrections, and the chief executive will make a further review, and then make the decision. Chengluzou." The Ministry of Punishment also said: "The Ministry of Civil Affairs should supplement the appointment of Zuo Duan, the official of Dali Temple. We should first discuss with the Ministry of Punishment and the head of Dali Temple whether it is possible, and then make a note of it. If someone above Xuzi is selected, he will be appointed as the prime minister. To make up for it, Cheng Que made up for it by commenting on the matter. "The Ministry of Punishments and the Ministry of Officials jointly wrote the order. In the eighth year, the Dali Temple was ordered to conclude that the matter should be reported to the minister, not to mention the bencao first.

In the first year of Yuanyou, the right guard was responsible for prison inspection and official affairs, and the left and right departments were combined into one department. In the third year, the three provinces asked you to remove the right to govern the prison, and according to the old practice of the three departments, they appointed inspection judges in the Ministry of Household Affairs. He also ordered Dali Temple to be juxtaposed with Chang Er. In the fourth year, he requested from the Ministry of Punishment to change the rules of the temple, so that he could not be elected as a Dali official because he had already committed five crimes or had two people sentenced to death. According to the old article, three people have been sentenced to death or one person has been sentenced to death.

In the first year of Shaosheng, the prison officials were ordered to follow the selection and examination method of the first year of Yuanfeng. In the second year, he was reinstated as Youzhi Prison, and the officials were appointed as in the Yuanfeng system. The left and right magistrates who disagreed with each other would send them to each other. If there were any further disagreements, the imperial court would appoint officials to interrogate them, or send them to the censor's desk for treatment. In the first year of Yuanfu, Dali Temple and Kaifeng Mansion were required to accept the official surrender and were not allowed to petition for transfer. Furthermore, the imperial edict was issued to conclude official affairs, and in accordance with the special regulations of Kaifeng Prefecture, no extortion was allowed anywhere.

In the fourth year of Chongning, Dali temple officials and ministers were ordered to report that they were violating the system. In the second year of Zhenghe's reign, when the imperial edict judges expired, those who chose their posts and could be promoted and whose talents could be re-appointed were still allowed to take office, and they were still allowed to take the post of Guan Sheng, Li Ben and other qualifications. In the fifth year, according to the story of Xi and Feng, the four members of Xixue Gongshi were reinstated, the chief and the second set up the courses, and the Zheng and Cheng Tongtong gave guidance. In the seventh year of Xuanhe's reign, he was judged above and passed the examination for criminal legal person. He also ordered Dali Temple and Kaifeng Mansion to accept official duties and dispatch them in accordance with the law, and not to beg for special orders. Zhongxing merged the provincial official temples, but Dali Temple was not merged.

In the early days of Shaoxing, Zhao Zheng and the Prime Minister were merged and eliminated. When it comes to judging matters, the head of the temple and two selected persons will be sent to the Ministry of Punishments for deliberation and application to the imperial court to fill them out.

If you are not qualified, you will be selected as a person familiar with criminal law. A comparative law was also established to punish discrepancies. In the second year of Longxing's reign, Gong Yan said: "Appraisal of affairs, judgment, and handling of cases. Writing judgments from one's own is the most laborious." The imperial edict was added, with eight members as the number. At the end of the Chunxi period, it was strictly forbidden for temple officials to visit, in order to prevent the disadvantages of asking for entrustments and leaking information. At the beginning of Shaoxi's reign, in addition to the eight criminal law reviewers, the Sizhi and the Chief Secretary selected people with previous experience, each with the title of reviewer. The eight commentaries have been drafted and divided into two halls for inspection. If there is any unrest, describe what you have seen and discuss it with the chief and two. In the fourth year of Qingyuan, it was decided to appoint Zhongyue, Zhongyue and Dingdai to cut off the rule. In the eighth year of Jiading, under the command of Shen Yan Shaoxi, he emphasized the selection of director and director, and increased the number of candidates for trial to persuade the law department.

Zuo Duan Xing is divided into three cases: Mo Kan, who is responsible for approving changes in official affairs in the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other departments; Word. There are four divisions: the one in charge of memorials, the one in charge of arrests, reminders and detailed judgments, the eight rooms, one in charge of judgments and prison cases, and the tenth and monthly memorials; one is called opening and demolition; one is called Zhiza; and one is called the Law Department. There are also eight rooms for detailed judgment of cases, which are dedicated to the judgment of Lu Shen's prison cases and so on. There is also the imperial treasury, which is responsible for collecting and managing the documents of the cabinet. For the officials, there is one assistant chief, three assistant historians, thirty assistant assistants, six postscripts, and fourteen regular scripts. Longxing *** lost seven people.

There are four divisions in Youzhi Prison: the Left and Right Temple Case, where the palm is used to collect and recover stolen property after the official case has been completed; the "Drive Mo", which is used to push official money, official property, and documents; the "Inspection" The law is used to judge the left and right prison cases and provide the application rules for the prosecution; it is called Zhiza. There are also two departments for demolition and reporting; there are left and right pushers, who are in charge of surveying various places and delivering official affairs and decisions. For the officials, there are one Xushi and nine Xuzuo in the front, one person in the memorial department and three people in the post office, two people in the left and right side, two people in charge of Xu Shi, eight people in the post office, four people in the Banya department and four people in the post office. Longxing *** lost five players.

Dali Temple generally has: one Qing, from the third rank; two Shaoqing, from the fifth rank. Break the prison with the palm of your hand and detail the punishment. All crimes that lead to death will be reported to the Ministry of Punishment and covered under Zhongshu and Men. Those who are concerned will consider it every five days.

In the second year of Longshuo's reign, it was renamed Xiangxing Temple; in the first year of Empress Wu's Guangzhai reign, it was renamed Sixing Temple; during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong, the prison minister was abolished. There are twenty-eight people in the office, fifty-six in history, twelve in charge of history, twenty-four in history, six in prison, four in the pavilion, eighteen in charge, and one hundred inquiring.

The two are from the fifth rank. He is in charge of discussing prisons and correcting the scientific regulations. If the prime minister is found guilty of wrongdoing, he will be punished by law. Those who are above the fifth rank will come to judge. If he is lucky enough to visit, he will stay in charge of the temple affairs.

The six prime ministers are from the sixth rank. The palm is used to judge temple affairs and the severity of punishment. If the prisoner is above the prisoner, he will call his family to accuse him and ask him if he accepts the crime.

The two master bookkeepers are from the seventh rank. The palm print, the provincial banknotes, and the sentence inspection are missing. Every official who has committed a crime or is exempted from his crime will have a record registered. One catty of copper is redeemed for private sins, and two catties for public sins, both of which are one burden; ten burdens are one palace. Every year, the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of War send out ultimatums to the selected people and report them to the palace.

The two prison officials are from the ninth rank. He is in charge of prison history and knows the prisoners. High and low, men and women are in separate prisons. If the fifth grade or above is used, take a bath once a month, and in summer, use the ointment. Paper, pens, gold blades, money, objects, and pestles are prohibited. If the prisoner is sick, he will be given medicine. If the patient is serious, he will be removed from the prison and his family will attend him.

There are six people in charge of directing affairs, starting from the sixth grade; there are eight people in judging affairs, starting from the lower grade in the eighth grade. Use the palm to push. Anyone who has a long history of promoting information and should be suspended and imprisoned should be asked to write a letter to the past. Two people recorded the incident.

○Honglu Temple

One Qing, from the third rank; two Shaoqing, from the fourth rank; two Cheng, from the sixth rank. In charge of guests and omens. The second office is to lead the guest and the master of ceremonies. All the princes of the four barbarians will take the title of Fan Wang as a record, and their ranks will be distinguished in court. The third rank will be below the third rank of the military officer, the fourth rank will be below the fifth rank, and the fifth rank will be below the sixth rank. Those who have officials Live in this class.

△Dianke Department

One person is ordered to descend from the seventh rank; three persons are ordered to descend from the eighth rank. He was in charge of the editions and records of the two queens, Duke Jie and Duke Yan, as well as the foreigners who had been naturalized in Lai. They paid tribute, gave banquets, and sent greetings in advance. The leader of the chief can give food to those who come to court; if he is sick, he will send a doctor to give him decoctions; if he is mourning, he will give him what he needs; if he returns gifts, he will assist them in receiving them and teach them the festival of thanksgiving. There are thirteen people from Dian Ke, four from Fu, eight from Shi, and two from Zhang Gu.

There are fifteen people in charge, and they are on the ninth rank. The palm is sent to welcome the Tibetan guests, and Zhuan comes to the hotel.

△Master of Ceremonies

One person in command is under the eighth rank; one person in the post is under the ninth rank. He holds the tools for funeral rituals.