How does india tourism ensure his health?

When it comes to India, many people will think of the Indian Divine Comedy and the hanging Indian trains. There are many diseases in India. How to take care of your health when you go to india tourism? The following are india tourism's notes edited by Bian Xiao, a wise man. I hope it works for you!

India tourism pays attention to health AIDS: At present, the Indian population is 654.38+0 billion, and it is estimated that 4 million of them are infected with HIV. Therefore, India has the largest population infected with HIV in the world. At present, the spread of HIV has surpassed that of high-risk groups, and it has taken root and sprouted in the Indian population and spread rapidly to rural areas. Prostitutes in India currently play an important role in the spread of HIV between the opposite sex, which is also the most important route of transmission of HIV in India. In Mumbai, 60% of prostitutes are HIV-positive. In India, another major mode of AIDS transmission is infected blood. All tourists should be on high alert for unsafe sex. Moreover, when tourists receive dental treatment and medical injections in India, they should ensure that the medical instruments used are disinfected. Tourists should also avoid unnecessary blood transfusion.

Accident and medical insurance:

For travelers under 55, traffic accidents and accidental injuries are the main causes of death, followed by drowning, air crash, murder and fire.

For elderly travelers, heart disease is the main cause of death.

Only 1% of travelers died of infection, but in general, infection is the main cause of tourism-related diseases.

Medical insurance: We suggest that tourists take out certain overseas special health insurance before going out. The insurance will provide direct payment to foreign hospitals or doctors when necessary, including the transfer of medical allowances. The insurance policy will also provide a 24-hour hotline service, and the multilingual assistance center will be responsible for arranging and supervising the implementation of medical care and deciding whether first aid or ambulance is needed.

Threats from animals:

Threats from animals include snakes, centipedes, scorpions and some poisonous spiders.

Cholera: It is reported that cholera is rampant in this country, but it poses less threat to tourists. Cholera vaccine is mainly aimed at people living and working in high-risk areas with poor sanitation.

Vaccination against cholera is not an official requirement before entering or leaving any country. Nevertheless, sometimes some countries still need tourists from countries threatened by cholera to show proof of receiving cholera vaccine. It is conceivable that tourists will travel with medical exemption certificates provided by their national health centers. Tourism Medicine Co., Ltd. advises tourists to use internationally certified vaccines and take them with them from the health care center provided by the host country? You don't need a cholera vaccine? Prove This certificate must have their official signature and seal (USA? Unified seal? ) effective.

Dengue fever: This endemic disease is occasionally prevalent in cities and semi-rural areas below 1000 meters above sea level in India, with the highest incidence in central and northern regions. 1996 Dengue fever broke out in New Delhi, killing 400 people. There are few cases of dengue fever in western India, and it is prevalent all the year round in southern India. In northern India, April-10 is the peak of dengue fever transmission. The main measure to prevent dengue fever is to prevent the bite of Aedes mosquitoes.

Filariasis: Filariasis is prevalent in southern, central and northern parts of the country, especially in Bihar and other cities. Visitors to this country should be alert to mosquito bites.

Hepatitis: It is recommended that all tourists who have not been vaccinated with hepatitis A be vaccinated. Hepatitis B accounts for 70% of the cases of memory hepatitis in this country. Most hepatitis cases in India are transmitted through sewage from sewers. At present, there is no hepatitis B vaccine, so tourists should only drink boiled water or canned water to reduce the chance of getting hepatitis. For short-term tourists who stay for 3 months, they should be injected with hepatitis C vaccine at the peak of hepatitis C. Visitors should also pay attention to the fact that hepatitis C can be spread through unprotected sex or using contaminated syringes.

Influenza: In the area north of the Tropic of Cancer, influenza spreads from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, while in the area south of the Tropic of Cancer, influenza spreads all year round. We recommend that all tourists who are over 50 years old, suffer from chronic diseases or poor autoimmune system, and want to avoid contracting the disease be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Pregnant women must be vaccinated after three months of pregnancy.

Japanese encephalitis: Japanese encephalitis is prevalent in this country all the year round, except in the northern region. April-10 is the peak of JE transmission. In western India, the threat of Japanese encephalitis is relatively small. Most cases of Japanese encephalitis occurred in the eastern coastal areas, the border areas between Nepal and the north, the northwest and southwest. Culex pipiens, which spreads Japanese encephalitis, basically moves in areas below 1000 meters above sea level. Visitors who stay in rural areas for more than three to four weeks are advised to be vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis. Visitors should also pay attention to prevent mosquito bites, especially at night.

Leishmaniasis: There are many cases of leishmaniasis in rural areas in eastern India, but there are also cases of leishmaniasis in Bihar in the north. There are individual cases of leishmaniasis in the west. Visitors should also prevent insect bites.

Malaria: Except Jammu, Kashmir and Sikkim, where the altitude is above 2,000, malaria is prevalent all over India all the year round. Malaria epidemic in New Delhi is seasonal: July-10 is the transmission period, and it reaches its peak in September. The infection rate in mountainous and rural areas is higher than that in lowland and urban areas. But tourists in Vientiane will not be threatened by malaria.

All tourists should take measures to prevent insect bites. Methods to prevent mosquito bites include applying mosquito repellent containing DEET on the skin surface, spraying permethrin on clothes and tents, and using mosquito nets treated with permethrin when sleeping at night.

Threat from the sea: Stingrays, jellyfish and some poisonous fish species in the coastal areas of India are a potential threat and sometimes even fatal to tourists who swim here without any preventive measures.

Meningitis: The New Delhi area and neighboring areas south of New Delhi may be infected with this disease. Slums in rural and urban India are susceptible to diseases. From June 1 1 to April next year, the possibility of contracting the disease in cooler areas will increase.

Other diseases and threats: anthrax, brucellosis, cysticercosis, Kozanur forest virus, leprosy, leptospirosis, intestinal infection, melioidosis, paragonimiasis, scabies, trachoma, typhoid fever and West Nile fever.

Plague: This disease poses no threat to tourists. 1994 A plague broke out in West India, but the Indian government announced that the plague ended in 1996.

Rabies: More than 30,000 people in India are infected with rabies every year. This disease is a potential threat to Indian tourists. Once bitten by animals, especially dogs, we should attach great importance to it and take emergency medical measures. Although tourists are rarely infected with rabies, it cannot be ignored. Visitors should not hug or take in any lost animals. Parents should tell their children not to touch unfamiliar animals.

We suggest that tourists who stay for up to 3 months or plan to pass through areas where lost animals often appear should be vaccinated.

Road safety: Driving in India is very dangerous. Roads outside the country's big cities and expressway are poorly maintained and the traffic is very heavy. Even the main road has only two lanes. Lack of road signs and warning signs. India's roads are crowded with trucks, buses, pedestrians and livestock. Driving at night is particularly dangerous.

Schistosomiasis: The threat of this disease is basically negligible in India.

Tourist dysentery: Dysentery is a serious epidemic in India, which is prevalent all over the country. The infection rate of dysentery has increased in rural areas. India's water source often comes from well water, so it is generally polluted. Untreated sewage, industrial water and farmland sewage have polluted most rivers in India. In India, the supply of piped water is limited, and all water sources should be regarded as inedible. We suggest using antibiotics containing 4- chlorophenyl -4- hydroxy (imino) benzoquinone to treat acute dysentery. If antibiotics are ineffective against dysentery, it may be caused by parasitic diseases. Such as Giardia, amoebiasis and intestinal diseases.

Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in this country, and about 2% of Indians are infected with tuberculosis. Tourists who plan to stay in the local area for a long time should do the skin test of tuberculosis (ppD test) before leaving and do another test before leaving the country. Tourists and foreigners who have been to India for a long time should first confirm whether they are infected with tuberculosis when hiring local helpers and tour guides in India.

Typhoid fever: This disease is a potential threat to Indian tourists. We recommend that tourists who live in the country for a long time, or those who like adventure and want to get comprehensive disease prevention, be vaccinated against typhoid fever. Since typhoid vaccine is only 60% to 70% effective, tourists still need to pay attention to the hygiene of food and drink.

Yellow fever: At present, tourists to India are not threatened by yellow fever.

The most important thing to pay attention to in india tourism: Pay attention to drinking water hygiene. Plague is still very common in India. Pay attention to whether the bottle cap has been opened when buying mineral water.

Clothing: First of all, from the perspective of sun protection, long clothes and pants are the best choice. Apart from sun protection, many temples in India prohibit it? Disdressed? Visitors are required to wear at least short-sleeved shirts and trousers, and women should pay more attention not to wear suspenders, shorts and skirts, which should be at least knee-high, and some are even stricter. So if it's safe, pants are safe. In addition, no matter how you wear clothes and trousers, it is basically the rhythm of sweating all day, so the choice of clothing material is best to wear cotton and linen breathable clothes.

Currency: First, try to use a small wallet that can be stuffed into your trouser pocket, or simply put your passport in a pocket that can hold money. First, ensure the safety of funds. India's local currency is rupee, so you can take US dollars to the local exchange. Secondly, when paying back the money, it's best to change it into rupees with a small face value, such as 1000 yuan, and try not to use1000 yuan, otherwise they will say that they have no change and will not give you change or give you short change. When you buy something, divide the amount of rupee by 7, which is basically the price of RMB.

Household paper: Indian facial tissues and toilet paper are thin and not durable, so it is better to bring some.

Food hygiene bag: Indians wrap food in newspapers. If you think it's acceptable, you don't need this.

Converter: Many plugs in India are round holes, so the converter is necessary.

Rain gear: India's drainage system is not perfect, and it is easy to accumulate water after rain. Besides, it is absolutely wise to bring a pair of comfortable rain boots.

Disinfectants and antidiarrheal drugs: Although food hygiene in India is different from that in China? Chemicals? However, their cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and so on. Basically, they are raised by eating garbage on the roadside, so food hygiene is worrying, and commonly used drugs must be carried with them in case of emergency.

Bring more cool oil and mosquito-repellent incense: in some cities, I don't know where to scratch first at night. A friend of mine got dengue fever last year because of mosquito bites, so it is very important to prevent it in advance!

Sunscreen: In the scorching season, peeling can be done in half a day, and the tanning speed is faster than that at the seaside.

Mask, perfume: Right? Natural? People who are sensitive to smell can wear masks appropriately. Because cows, natural garbage dumps and some open public toilets can be seen everywhere in India, the smell will not be too fresh. Or carrying perfume with you is also a solution.

Lighters, flashlights, candles: In India, except for five-star hotels, power outages are as common as eating. Of course, it is common to eat without electricity, so we should prepare some necessities such as flashlights and candles.

Toilet: Even in a five-star hotel, you are advised to bring your own towels, toothbrushes, toothpaste, slippers, etc. You know ~

Camera: If you are a photographer, I won't remind you about the camera card and recharge. What I want to say is to watch the camera and beware of being robbed! In addition, some temples in India are not allowed to bring cameras. And take off your shoes before entering the temple. Compared with the high heels you wear, flip-flops are much less likely to be stolen.

Calling card: AIRTEL in India is enough to meet the needs of short-term travel, and the tariff is relatively cheap.

Accommodation: The cost performance of Indian accommodation is relatively low, starting from 300-400 yuan/room/night.

If you live in an Indian family, you should pay attention to theft prevention. Many cities have homes where China people live, which are safe and secure, but I dare not talk about the conditions of not living.

Others: Indians are not in such an orderly queue. Don't feel embarrassed, just jump in line, or you may not be able to wait all day.

10 Indian taboo 1. A red dot on the forehead

In India, regardless of men, women, children and status, a red dot is placed in the center of the forehead, which is called Bindi (lucky mole). According to the traditional practice, the pigment is mashed with cinnabar, glutinous rice, rose petals and other raw materials, and dipped in the pigment on the eyebrows with the ring finger, which means opening the third eye on the forehead. In addition, the point of cinnabar on the middle dividing line is called Tika, which has different positions but the same meaning of protection.

Another view is that ancient Indian yoga scholars believe that the forehead of the forehead is the source of human life and must be protected with ointment. So we can see that many Indian ascetic monks have a little bright red on their weathered faces. In addition, Indians are willing to order cinnabar for their guests as a sign of courtesy and blessing.

2. Indian red line

In India and Nepal, children can often be seen tying a thread (not necessarily red) around their waist, while adults will tie a red cotton thread (Kalava) on their hands, just like a red dot. The red line is like an amulet worn on the body, which can ward off evil spirits. Indians call it a "gift from God", usually tied after attending a blessing ceremony (Puja), and Kalava is tied to the right hands of men and unmarried women.

Indians regard cows as gods.

Cows are regarded as sacred animals by Hindus, and the mounts of Shiva and sacred cow Nan Di can be seen inside and outside Indian temples. In addition to religious worship, because agriculture is a traditional industry in India, cattle farming and transportation rely on labor; Milk and dairy products are the main sources of nutrition in India's vegetarian society. Cow dung can be used as fuel, fertilizer and building materials; Cow urine is also one of the traditional medicines in India.

Due to various factors, killing cattle has become a taboo in Indian culture. Cattle are not allowed to eat, whip or hurt. Cows are free to roam the streets at will. In addition to not offending cattle, going to india tourism never mentions eating beef and other topics. Since Islam is the second largest religion in India, Muslims don't eat pork, so tourists try to eat chicken, mutton, fish and so on.

4. Don't touch the child's head

Indians believe that the head is sacred and strangers are inviolable. Indian children's round eyes make travelers feel cute, but because of Indian traditional culture, please resist the impulse to touch the child's head.

5. Shake your head to indicate OK?

When expressing agreement or affirmation, Indians are used to tilting their heads slightly to the left and right (as if shaking their heads), and then they will immediately return to their original state, indicating "good", "yes" and "I know", which is very different from nodding. Attention!

6. Grab rice with your right hand and toilet paper with your left.

In India, people eat with plates and grab rice and even porridge with their right hands. It is said that Indians think food is sacred. Only by touching the food, smelling the ingredients, kneading the food and feeling its temperature can they taste the most authentic and delicious food. Nowadays, in many formal restaurants and important occasions, Indians will use knives and forks as tableware, but it is not authentic to go to india tourism without grabbing food.

Indians are right handed. On the contrary, Indians don't use their left hand except to go to the toilet. They think their left hand is unclean, so it is impolite to pass things or reach out to people with their left hand, and even regarded as an insult. Islamic countries have the same habit.

7. There is no house address in India.

There are no house addresses in most parts of India. Locals are used to identifying landmarks, temples, bridges and markets. For example, the address of the Indian B&B where Bian Xiao's friend lives is "Scindhiagatnextto Omanikaburninghat", which makes it easy to get lost. Interestingly, if you ask 65,438+00 Indians for directions, you may get 65,438+00 different answers.

How does the postman deliver letters? There is basically no problem in sending letters to major landmarks, but the loss rate of sending letters to India is high.

8. Avoid shaking hands with Indian women

In traditional and conservative India, the concept of giving and receiving is still strong. Male tourists can't shake hands with Indian women, they can only nod (pray) when greeting. In addition, in India, usually accompanied by the host, it is best not to force the hostess to eat at the same table.

9. When Indians say, "Oh! My friend! 」

The Indian sutra often says, "Oh, hello friend! "Where are you from? "or" What's your name? " But usually, they have other intentions behind these words.

10. A sentence "namaste! Travel all over India

In India, all greetings, such as hello, good morning, good afternoon and good night, are replaced by "Namaste" (pronounced namaste). Learn a word, and you can walk around and jump around India.

Pay special attention! At the beginning of the year, there was a horrible travel news. A Russian man knocked the Indian bell by mistake, which attracted a group of angry villagers to drag him out of the temple and beat him, even eating his left cheek almost crazily. According to reports, the bell sounded by the man is a "sacred object" to the local people, and it can only be rung when people die. Traveling is a happy thing, but no matter where you travel, you should know the local traditions and taboos in advance, give them due courtesy and respect, and avoid stepping on mines by mistake and making yourself extremely sad.

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