Volcanoes in Chahar

Heimei, editor-in-chief and writer of Inheritance magazine in Inner Mongolia, came to Wulanchabu to plan a special tourism issue of Wulanchabu with the municipal tourism department. When receiving her, she once again talked about her impression of the Chahar Volcano Group and talked about the relevant details of the interview in the autumn of 201May in Wulanchabucha Youhouqi. At the end of this year, her book "Chahar Volcanoes: Volcanic Landscape of Inner Mongolia Grassland" was published in chinese national geography (20 15)No. 12, which introduced the relevant situation of Chahar Volcanoes in detail with 20 pages of pictures and texts, and showed the charm of Chahar Volcanoes to readers at home and abroad. I said, as a volcano that grew up at the foot of a volcano, visited many times a year, and was in charge of tourism in administrative work in recent years, I was really ashamed and responsible for not writing a word about Chahar volcano to promote my hometown.

Chahar Volcano Group mainly refers to the remains of the volcano group composed of more than 20 volcanoes in Wulanhadasumu, Chayou Houqi, Wulanchabu City. Geologists call this area Ulan Hada Volcano Group. Ulan Hada is a Mongolian transliteration, "Ulan" means red, "Hada" is a rock, and this place is named after the local ochre-red volcano. The village where I was born is18km east of the volcano. When I was a teenager, my father drove me to Ulan Hada Station to bake coal every winter. Snail-like Che Le passed at the foot of the volcano and bumped for two or three hours on the dirt road covered with pyroclastic and residual snow. At that time, my father pointed a whip at a huge and majestic volcanic cone covered with snow, saying that it was the "alchemy furnace" of the old gentleman. In fact, local herders have always called the three most complete conical volcanoes "blast furnaces", sometimes called "Xi Du", which means "anvil in a dream". Herdsmen believe that volcanoes are the anvil of the fighting weapons and production tools provided by God, and they worship here every year, praying for good weather and prosperity of people and animals. Ulan Hada, then a small station on Ji 'er Railway, was the nearest station to the outside world by modern means of transportation after I graduated from high school. 1984, studying in the normal high school in the north of Baiyinchagan town. This school is near a lake called Baiyinnaoer. Looking north, I can clearly see two truncated-cone volcanoes (with a complete pot-shaped crater at the top) and a pointed-cone volcano. Later, I learned that volcanic geologists concluded that Baiyinnaoer was a plateau formed by lava flow during volcanic eruption. During two large-scale volcanic activities, 1 .20 thousand years ago and110 thousand years ago, underground magma spewed out and lava flowed through the surrounding area of more than ten kilometers. Today, ochre or dark brown volcanic pumice and debris are everywhere, and stone rivers, waves, lakes, birds and animals can be seen everywhere on the ground, extending all the time. In this area, the locals call it "skinny stone". Before the completion of National Highway 208 and G55 expressway, the traffic on this section was extremely bumpy and inconvenient. In a ditch at the foot of the volcano, there is an old elm tree over 1000 years old, which is called the "tree king" of the Mongolian Plateau by experts. Like a volcano, it has a mysterious and sacred legend, attracting a large number of tourists from far and near.

If the Chahar volcano was little known in the past, it mainly means that it is a quiet place and has not been hyped. At least before 2000, tourism development and scenic spot publicity had not been carried out, and there were few domestic and foreign tourists. However, this geological relic has been concerned and valued by geologists in the early years. In 1930s, Sang Zhihua, a famous French geologist, paleontologist and archaeologist, preached in Honggartu Central Church, which is 0/0 km away from the volcano site/KLOC-0, and made a special investigation here. It was introduced by Professor Yin Zanxun, a famous scientist and geologist in China, and then attracted the attention of domestic geologists. 1957 and 1964, Xu He Xiao Gantai from the Department of Geography of Hebei Normal University visited Wulanhada twice, and made a detailed investigation of the volcanoes here, and published the collected data in the Journal of Hebei Normal University (Natural Science Edition) on the title of "Quaternary Volcano in Wulanhada, Inner Mongolia" in 1979. In recent ten years, Professor Bai Zhida, a professor from the School of Earth Sciences and Resources of China University of Geosciences and a well-known volcanic geologist in China, led a team to Wulanhada for in-depth investigation of volcanoes many times, and published many academic papers such as Quaternary Volcano of Wulanhada in Chahar Youhou Banner, Inner Mongolia (Petrology Journal,No.1kloc-0/2008). The abstract of the paper is as follows:

Wulanhada Volcano Group is located in Wulanhada area of Chahar right-wing back banner in central Inner Mongolia, on the southern edge of Mongolian Plateau, about 300 kilometers away from Beijing. The volcano is located on Archean Wulashan rock group and Neogene Hannuoba basalt, covering an area of about 280 square kilometers. Volcanic activity can be divided into two stages: late Pleistocene and Holocene, and volcanic eruption is generally a crack or a crack center. In the late Pleistocene, a series of splashdown cones distributed linearly in the northeast and northwest directions were formed, among which the black brain bag was a molten shell-shaped volcanic cone. Most volcanic cones are mainly composed of basalt fused blocks and broken lava, which have suffered some erosion, but most craters can still be clearly identified. Holocene and late Pleistocene volcanoes were controlled by the same ne-trending basement fault. It mainly includes three central erupting blast furnaces, all of which are composed of alkali volcanic slag cones and lava flows, belonging to stobaugh Li-style volcano. The volcano is large in scale and complete in structure, and basically has not suffered denudation. The cone consists of pumice slag falling in the early stage and molten lumps splashing in the later stage. The distribution of lava flow is restricted by topography, generally flowing from northwest to south and east, and the longest lava flow is about 18km. Lava flow covered the Holocene valley gravel, aeolian sand and swamp sediments, indicating that the age of volcanic eruption should be Holocene. The main type of lava flow is crustal lava, in which expansion rift and collapse valley are developed. The front of lava flow reaches Baiyinnao area, and the weir system forms volcanic dammed lakes such as Moshe Gainao and Wulan Hu Shaohai. Wulanhada Volcano Group is the only Holocene eruption volcano group found in the southern margin of Mongolia Plateau. It is a natural volcano "museum" and a natural "window" to study the deep structure of modern crust and its activities in the southern margin of Mongolia Plateau.

During the visit, Professor Bai Zhida and his team marveled at Ulan Hada's "well-preserved and rare wonders of volcanic group in the world", and pointed out that the volcanic group is still an active volcano, which is typical and rare and has high scientific research, geological education and tourism value. Among the three "blast furnaces", the "middle blast furnace" is a typical truncated cone volcano, and it is also the best preserved one so far. According to the introduction of local old herdsmen, 1936 1 1 in June, the world-famous battle of Honggartu in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started in Suidong, and the cavalry of Damiling Su Long (nicknamed Long Beard), the security commander of Suidong Fourth Banner in Suiyuan Province, fought circuitously with Japanese puppet troops. On a dark night, the army pulled more than 300 war horses into the top pot of the "blast furnace" with a slope of 2 1 degree and a height of 85 meters. Hukou diameter190m, depth 26m. It was night, the north wind was cold and the snow was rolling, and the people in the "pot pit" were silent. The cavalry and army horses cleverly avoided the frontal pursuit of the Japanese and puppet troops and waited for an opportunity to attack the next day. Damilin Su Long was born in a poor herdsman family of Shangdu Animal Husbandry Group in Chahar at the foot of volcano. He was a legend on the megatron side in Chahar at that time. He used to be the vice president of Chahar League. 1948 After returning from Mongolia in May, he worked as a senior counselor in the counselor's office of the Inner Mongolia People's Government.

Black sister witnessed an interview with the remains of volcanic groups.