What is the natural environment in India?

Topographically, it can be roughly divided into three areas:

1. Beishan: It is the southern slope of the Himalayas, with an altitude of 5500-6000m. Zhangjiafeng, the dry city on the border between India and Nepal, is 8586 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in India. On the south side, the Little Himalayas and the West Petroleum Mountains are 2000-3000m and 60-1500m respectively, which gradually descend from north to south and reach the Great Plains of India.

2. Central Plain: It is a central plain formed by the alluvial rivers of Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. It is more than 2,000 kilometers long from east to west and 240-500 kilometers wide from north to south, with an average elevation of 100-200 meters. It is one of the world-famous great plains. Divided into two parts, the eastern part is the Ganges Plain, with low terrain, which is the birthplace of Indian culture. The west is a part of the Indus plain, and most of it is covered by desert.

3. Southern Plateau: Deccan Plateau is dominant, gently inclining from southwest to northeast, starting from the southern edge of the Ganges Plain in the north and reaching the southern tip of the peninsula in the south, extending from north to south1.500km, with an altitude of1.000 ~1.500m.. This is an ancient land that has been eroded for a long time. Due to long-term erosion, the plateau surface mostly presents table mountains and flat-topped mountains with a height of 300 ~ 800 meters.

After many ups and downs and fractures, many horsts and trenches have been formed. On the gentle slope of Dongpo, the western Ghats are steep and close to the Arabian Sea, with a straight coast (Malabar coast). The East Kochi Mountains are low hills that extend intermittently. The coastal plain of the Bay of Bengal is about100km wide, with sandy coast and swamp (coromandel coast).

Most of India has a tropical monsoon climate. The Himalayas in the north is a barrier to prevent the cold air mass from invading southward, and the southern peninsula extends to the Indian Ocean. Due to the influence of tropical air mass, the annual average temperature is 3 ~ 8℃ higher than other areas in the same latitude. Except in high mountain areas, the annual average temperature is between 24℃ and 27℃.

In three quarters of China, the lowest temperature is above 0℃, and the average annual precipitation is1134mm.

March to May is a hot season, with the average monthly temperature reaching over 30℃ and the highest temperature in thar desert reaching over 50℃, making it one of the hottest regions in the world. The rainy season is from June to September, and the southwest monsoon is strong and full of moisture, sweeping across the Indian Peninsula. Except in the northwest, heavy rain fell all over the country, accounting for 70 ~ 90% of the annual precipitation, and the temperature dropped to 27 ~ 28℃ in most areas.

natural resource

India has the fourth largest coal reserves in the world. Other major natural resources are iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, oil, diamonds, limestone, thorium and cultivated land.

56% of India's land is arable land, and 2.8% of the land is planted with long-term crops (2005). There are 558,080 square kilometers of irrigated land (2003).