What parts can the tourism market consist of?

Looking back on the development of the world tourism market, it is certain that tourism has become an indispensable part of the contemporary world economy, and the tourism market is an emerging market with strong vitality in the world market. Nowadays, tourism has become the second largest export industry in the world after oil industry, and it is still developing rapidly. It is very important to study the characteristics of modern tourism market development for formulating the strategies and tactics of tourism market management.

What are the characteristics of the development of modern tourism market?

1. Develop from domestic tourism to international tourism. There are three main forms of tourism activities, one is domestic tourism, the other is overseas tourism, and the other is foreign inbound tourism. Three kinds of tourism, the latter two are collectively called international tourism. The development of world tourism is generally carried out in all parts of industrialized countries, and domestic tourism activities can no longer meet the needs of their own people, which is followed by activities of traveling abroad and accepting foreigners. This mode of gradually developing from domestic tourism to international tourism first appeared in some developed countries in Western Europe and North America, such as Europe, America and Japan. After the 1960s, international tourism developed rapidly. For example, in Europe, due to convenient transportation, short distance and good tourist facilities, the number of international tourists has always accounted for about 70% of the total number of international tourists in the world, while the number of international tourists among European countries accounts for more than 80% of the total number of international tourists in Europe. In addition, countries such as Japan, Australia, the United States and Canada. International tourism has also achieved rapid development. 1956 Only 57,000 Japanese tourists went abroad. Thirty years later, the number of people traveling abroad has reached 5 1.7 million, which is almost equal to 9 1 multiplied by 1.956. By 1985, the number of overseas tourists in the United States has also increased to more than 20 million, and that in Canada is130,000. At present, not only the number of domestic tourists in the world is close to 4 billion, but also the number of international tourists has reached more than 325 million (1986 statistics). Domestic tourism and international tourism promote and combine with each other, forming such a powerful tourism torrent and market system today.

2. Group tourism develops to individual tourism. From the perspective of tourism market, in the primary stage of modern tourism, the group tourism market is generally the main form, and the scattered individual tourism market is the secondary form. This is because traveling with a group is simple, easy to master and profitable. Later, with the large-scale development of tourism activities, the form of group tourism was gradually replaced by some individual travel, family travel and group travel. Because this kind of tourism can choose scenic spots at will, adjust and change the tourism lifestyle, and it is flexible and not bound by group actions. Therefore, this kind of tourism quickly developed in Western Europe and North America, where tourism activities are relatively developed, international transportation is convenient, and there are more private cars. According to the statistics of international tourists received in West Germany from 1975 to 1979, the number of people traveling by car or other vehicles accounted for 88.9% of the total number, while the number of people traveling by train dropped to 5%, and even fewer people traveled by plane, accounting for only 3.5%. It can be seen that the traditional market image of group tourism in the past has gradually changed into a market structure with individual travel as the main form. For example, according to a survey in Japan, in 1964, family tourism accounts for 19.7% of the total number of tourists, and group tourism accounts for 47.5% of the total number of tourists. But by 1978, family tourism rose to 38.5%. However, group tourism has dropped to 3 1.4%. Even group tourism has changed the single form of collective unified action in the past and implemented a diversified and flexible way. For example, group travel, local dispersion, local concentration, and the combination of dispersed phases after the tour meet the individual needs of tourists.

3. Improve the level of tourism development from the basic level of tourism. Tourism activities can be divided into several levels, one is the basic level, the other is the improvement level and the other is the special level. The so-called basic level of tourism refers to the general sightseeing needs of tourists. Tourism is both travel and tourism, tourism is tourism, and tourism is sightseeing. Therefore, viewing or appreciating the scenery is the first and most basic demand of tourists. If you leave this basic demand, tourism will lose its own attributes. The so-called raising the level mainly refers to recreational art appreciation activities. People take part in tourism activities, not only for sightseeing, but also for entertainment and shopping. Combine sightseeing with entertainment and shopping closely. Among them, entertainment and shopping are mainly sightseeing; Therefore, it is an improved level. The so-called professional level refers to higher-level tourism, such as pilgrimage tourism, conference tourism, business tourism, recuperation tourism, hunting tourism, mountaineering tourism and so on. , are in the form of specialized tourism market. The above three levels are gradually improved, reflecting the development law of the tourism market. The basic connotation of this law is: from the basic sightseeing market to the advanced entertainment shopping and professional market. This transformation undoubtedly puts forward higher requirements for modern tourism and will cause a series of changes in tourism. Holiday entertainment and professional tourism are more suitable for tourists' hobbies and interests, so they are very popular with tourists. For example, countries along the Mediterranean coast in Europe use sunshine and beaches to carry out seaside holiday tourism; Hawaii, Bermuda and other islands surfing, yachting, rest and other tourism; Disney amusement parks opened in California and Tokyo, Japan, as well as taste tourism, wedding tourism, sports tourism and recuperation tourism.

4. From high-consumption tourism to tourism popularization. In the past, people thought that tourism was an enjoyable activity for the rich and nobles, and most of the people who participated in tourism were the rich and influential people in the upper and middle classes of society. However, since the 1960s, tourism has not only been widely developed in many countries, but also formed a world international tourism flow. As a wide range of social and regional activities, tourism has spread all over the world. From 65438 to 0986, the total number of international tourists has reached 325 million. This is an unprecedented extensive and huge human exchange activity, which indicates that world tourism has entered the era of popularization. Take Europe as an example: the population of the whole continent exceeds 440 million. 1986 the number of tourists has reached more than 200 million; Britain has a population of 56 million, 1982, and the number of overseas tourists is 206 1 10,000. 1-3 nights, 32 million domestic tourists, and 40 million tourists over 4 nights. It can be seen that its tourism is extensive and popular. Another example is Japan. 1979 The number of domestic tourists reached1630,000, accounting for 1.48 times of the national population, with an average of 1.5 times per person per year. By 1983, the number of domestic tourists has increased to 259 million, with an average of more than twice a year per person. With the arrival of the era of tourism popularization, a series of new research topics will be put forward on the strategy and choice of tourism market. Tourism market operators should organize colorful tourism projects according to the characteristics of popular markets to meet the various preferences and needs of social members for tourism.

5. Tourism development from developed countries to developing countries. In the early 1960 s, international tourism was mainly carried out between western developed countries such as Europe and the United States, and the market scope was not too large. Since the second half of 1960s, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines in Asia, Australia and nearby islands in Oceania, some coastal countries in Latin America, Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria and other North African countries in Africa have also started international tourism activities. By the 1970s, a global international tourism market pattern consisting of six major tourist areas had been formed. In particular, the participation of the vast number of third world countries and developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America has played a positive role in changing the face and pattern of international tourism in the world. Taking North Africa as an example, international tourism has developed rapidly in recent years. North Africa is located on the southern bank of the Mediterranean, facing Europe across the sea, with convenient transportation and close distance. It is a resort for European international tourists seeking sunshine, warmth and beaches to recuperate and avoid the cold. For these reasons, international tourism has developed very rapidly. For example, in Tunisia, 1962 attracted 50,000 European and American tourists in the first year of tourism; By 1978, the number of international tourists in China had reached 1 14000, and the number of tourists quadrupled in less than 20 years. It is particularly noteworthy that the development speed of international tourism in East Asia and Pacific tourist areas has far exceeded the six major tourist areas. According to the statistics of the World Tourism Organization, this tourist special zone only received 6.5438+0.5 million international tourists in 1962, but it increased to 5.4 million in 1972; 1982 increased to 23 million people, equivalent to 1962 15 times. At present, the number of international tourists in the East Asia-Pacific tourist area has exceeded 34 million. Judging from the percentage changes of the number of tourists in the six major tourist areas, its development speed has been the fastest in the world. Therefore, authorities of international tourism agencies have predicted many times that the focus of world tourism in the future will be in East Asia-Pacific. At present, the trend of the focus of tourism moving eastward is still increasing. For example, 1962, the number of visitors in the Asia-Pacific region only accounts for1.8% of the total number of visitors in the six major regions; From 1985 to 10.4%. In the same period, the proportion of tourists in developed tourist areas in Europe decreased from 765,438+0.8% to 67.7%. Several major emerging tourist countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific tourist area, such as Singapore, Hawaii and Hong Kong, have received more than 3 million tourists. The above facts show that the tourism industry of developing countries and regions such as Asia, Africa and Latin America is active in the international tourism market at a high speed, attracting tourists from all over the world. This is a feature that deserves special attention at present.