Research Status of Geological Tourism Resources Evaluation

First, the status quo of foreign research

As early as 1939, British E.W.Gibbert put forward the theory of "the functional relationship between geographical factors and tourism growth", and expounded the relationship between various elements of geological tourism resources and tourism activities, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of geological tourism resources.

Since 1950s, international tourism has developed rapidly. With the actual needs of tourism resources development, many foreign scholars have studied the evaluation of tourism resources in various countries. In a word, the evaluation content includes the following four aspects: ① evaluation of tourism resources; (2) Evaluation of the natural socio-economic conditions in the region where the tourist destination is located, including infrastructure, natural ecology, land use, population and urban population distribution. ; (3) the evaluation of the characteristics of the location correlation of tourist areas, including the location correlation between tourist areas and tourist areas, and the mutual influence between tourist areas; (4) Evaluation of the impact of tourism activities in tourist destinations on regional economic environment and society.

Since the 1970s, great changes have taken place in the evaluation of foreign tourism resources. Scholars in Canada, the United States, France and other countries have successively established the evaluation system of tourism resources, decomposed and quantified various factors affecting tourism resources, and applied mathematical methods to process data, which made the evaluation research of tourism resources move towards quantification, greatly improving the accuracy and practicability of evaluation.

The specific research progress often varies greatly due to different national conditions. Developed countries have relatively perfect infrastructure, small gap in socio-economic development level and strong investment ability, so the focus of tourism destination development evaluation is tourism resource evaluation; However, developing countries, moderately developed countries and regions do not fully meet these conditions, so it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the resource conditions, regional conditions and location characteristics of tourism development. Different countries and regions have different levels of socio-economic development and natural conditions, which leads to different models (parameters) of tourism destination evaluation.

Second, the domestic research status

In the late 1980s, some scholars in China began to devote themselves to tourism research. On the basis of absorbing foreign related research results, great progress has been made in the classification, aesthetic evaluation and suitability technical evaluation of tourism resources. Since 1980s, some domestic scholars, such as Bao Jigang, Chu, Yu, etc. The quantitative technology has also been tried and explored, and new progress has been made. The evaluation of domestic tourism resources has also experienced qualitative evaluation, technical single factor quantitative evaluation and comprehensive evaluation of tourism resources. At the same time, it constantly absorbs the latest research results of economics, sociology, behavior and other disciplines. Multidisciplinary integration research has become the main driving force for the innovation of domestic tourism resource evaluation theory and method.

Domestic scholars have also done a lot of research on the evaluation of geological tourism resources. Earlier than (1988), the "quantitative model for landscape evaluation of mountain lakes in eastern China" was put forward, which started the research on landscape evaluation methods. Xu Jinfa (1988) used fuzzy mathematics to evaluate Kanas Lake. Chen Anze and others (199 1) made a special study on the investigation and evaluation methods of geoscience tourism resources, systematically analyzed the qualitative and quantitative achievements of academic circles, and divided natural tourism resources into six categories: lithosphere tourism resources, hydrosphere tourism resources, biosphere tourism resources, atmosphere tourism resources and space tourism resources. Among them, lithospheric tourism resources include geological tourism resources, which refer to tourism resources related to structure and geological history, that is, geological tourism resources in a narrow sense. Wang Jianjun et al. (2004) studied the tourism resource information system suitable for this standard; Li Yuhui (2006) specially designed the evaluation system of geoparks, which promoted the research and application of evaluation methods of tourism resources and tourism destinations. In 2003, the national standard "Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources" was promulgated and implemented, and the research on the evaluation method of geological tourism resources rose to a new level.

To some extent, the theory and technology of tourism destination evaluation have become increasingly mature, and China has initially established its own unique tourism destination evaluation system. However, due to some shortcomings in understanding this subject, vague concept and insensitivity to changes in the international and domestic situation (Yang Jie, 2007), the existing evaluation system is not accurate and perfect enough, which needs further study and improvement.

Thirdly, the application of geology in the investigation and evaluation of tourism resources.

The development and protection of tourism resources are closely related to geology, which lays a foundation for the establishment of tourism geology, and has important theoretical and practical guiding significance for carrying out the investigation and evaluation of geological tourism resources in China, improving the investigation level of geological tourism resources and developing the potential value of tourism resources (Ye Xincai, 2006).

(a) Geology is closely related to the formation and evolution of tourism resources.

There are many kinds of tourism resources and various formation mechanisms, which are closely related to the natural and social environment and have their own laws of development and evolution. Moreover, the formation of tourism resources is a complex process, and the research on its formation factors and evolution mechanism is also a gradual deepening process. Only by mastering and understanding the causes, development and evolution of various tourism resources can we make reasonable planning and in-depth development of tourism resources and make them fully serve the tourism economy. The causes and evolution laws of each kind of tourism resources can present diversity, which requires a multidisciplinary knowledge system to study their respective causes and evolution laws.

Geological and geomorphological tourism resources include: rocks, fossils, earthquake disaster relics, alpine canyons, volcanoes, karst, islands and reefs, glaciers and so on. Water tourism resources include scenic reach, drifting reach, lakes, waterfalls, springs and tides. The formation and evolution of these geo-tourism resources are directly or indirectly related to internal and external dynamic geological processes. For example, the causes of lake tourism resources are tectonic lakes formed by long-term local subsidence or crustal depression (such as Dianchi Lake in Yunnan), crater lakes formed by volcanic eruption (such as Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain), oxbow lakes formed by lateral erosion and deposition of rivers, glacial lakes or moraine lakes formed by glacial geology (such as Tianchi Lake in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang), karst lakes formed by karst and lagoons formed by coastal geology (Huang Dinghua, 2004).

Natural tourism resources are the product of the earth's supergene zone under the long-term action of internal and external geological forces. Their generation, distribution, evolution and development all follow the basic laws of geology and are one of the important contents of geological research. Geological tourism resources are the core and extension of natural tourism resources, and geological theory affects the development of tourism resources theory to some extent. Tourism resources science, which is divorced from geological foundation in practice, is also difficult to solve some practical problems when facing many problems of geological tourism and eco-tourism. When discussing geological tourism resources in detail, geological tourism resources refer to those geological relics and geological bodies that can attract tourists to generate tourism motives and implement tourism behaviors, can be used by tourism, have economic, social and ecological effects, and are directly related to geological activities. Therefore, the formation and development of tourism resources are closely related to geology, and tourism resources science is also closely related to geology.

(b) The investigation and evaluation of tourism resources involves geology.

The investigation of tourism resources is the basis of evaluation, and its purpose is to systematically find out the types, quantity, quality, nature, causes, times, characteristics, values and related natural, social and economic conditions of tourism resources in the investigation area, so as to directly provide scientific information for the evaluation of tourism resources, and then provide scientific basis for the development planning, rational utilization and protection of tourism resources, and finally provide decision-making basis for tourism development.

Natural conditions such as geology, geomorphology, meteorology, climate, hydrology, animals and plants are the main factors that constitute eco-tourism, and the investigation of these factors requires the application of geological methods and theories. For example, in the investigation of coastal tourism resources, different marine geological dynamics such as waves, tides and currents can create different marine erosion and accumulation landforms with ornamental value and scientific exploration value, such as ocean caves, ocean cliffs, ocean arch bridges, ocean pillars and beaches. Based on the existing geological relics and phenomena, we must adopt the method of "discussing the past from the present" in geology, restore the original geological events and geological processes, and tap the deep geological scientific value.

When evaluating the characteristics of geological tourism resources and eco-tourism resources, it is necessary to tap the scientific value of geology, which is inseparable from the basic knowledge of geology. The basic contents of environmental assessment of tourism resources include tourism natural environment, social environment and economic environment, in which the tourism natural environment includes geological and geomorphic factors, and the geological and ecological environment of tourist areas will also affect the development of tourism resources. The evaluation of tourism resources construction conditions should first apply geological knowledge analysis, evaluation and geological environment existing in the development of tourism resources projects to prevent secondary geological disasters caused by tourism projects, and also involve geological theories and methods.

In addition, conventional geological drilling, satellite detection, aerial remote sensing, geological radar detection, TSP geological prediction and other geological exploration research technologies provide new means and methods for the investigation and evaluation of tourism resources, and provide technical support for the development and protection of underground tourism resources such as cave resources.