Promote high-speed rail tourism The positive impact of high-speed rail tourism

1. The positive impact of high-speed rail tourism

Guizhou is a province rich in tourism resources. The unique karst natural scenery and rich and simple ethnic customs constitute its unique tourism resources, and its tourism development has unique charm. Guizhou's tourism has the following advantages:

1. Resource advantages

Guizhou's tourism resources in the United States are characterized by large quantities, complete types, and diverse forms. Among the 15 major natural tourism resources that have been developed in the world, Guizhou has 10 such as mountains, plateaus, caves, springs, waterfalls, and wild animals. Guizhou has many scenic spots and four world natural heritage sites (Libo, Chishui, Shibing Karst and Fanjing). With its inherent karst scenery and diverse ecological environment, Guizhou has become the province with the largest number of world natural heritages in China. Guizhou has 5 5A-level scenic spots, 18 national-level scenic spots, 11 national-level nature reserves, 10 national geological parks, and more than 1,000 ethnic festivals.

2. Climate advantages

The climate in Guizhou and the United States is warm and humid, with winters not being too cold and summers not being too hot. Most areas of the province have an average annual temperature of around 15 degrees Celsius, abundant rainfall, and low ultraviolet intensity, so there are natural oxygen bars and natural air conditioners. With its unique climate advantages, Guizhou has become a summer resort for many tourists from all over the country in summer, attracting more and more tourists.

3. Product advantages

Guizhou’s tourism resources in the United States are not only rich, but also unique. The biggest feature is its original ecology. There are not only world natural heritage sites such as Libo, but also the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the third largest waterfall in the world, the charming Zhijin Cave, the Soul of the Guizhou Plateau, and rural tourist attractions throughout the province. By vigorously developing eco-tourism and providing tourists with a return-to-nature and simple experience, it has a strong market advantage in the development of the tourism industry.

4. Location advantage

Guizhou is located in the southeast of southwest China. The surrounding provinces and cities have dense populations, rapid economic development, strong tourism consumption capacity, and sufficient tourist sources. Not only is it convenient to receive tourists from the southeast coast, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan for sightseeing and leisure, it is also an important channel for mainland tourists to travel to coastal development areas, which is conducive to the development of transit tourism. In particular, with the opening of the six-horizontal, seven-vertical and eight-vertical highways in Guizhou Province, as well as the opening of the Guizhou-Guangzhou high-speed railway and highways, the Chongqing-Guizhou high-speed railway, and the Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway, Guizhou's location advantages have been greatly improved.

2. The impact of high-speed rail on tourism development

The positive side is that the distance is greatly shortened, and short distances can be returned at night. The negative side is that the time to stay and eat outside is greatly shortened, and the income from the attractions is reduced!

3. The impact of high-speed rail on the tourism economy

(1) The opening of the Jiangxi-Shenzhen high-speed rail brings new opportunities for industrial transfer and industrial chain formation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area;

With the opening of the Ganzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway, Ganzhou is closer to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which greatly reduces the time for various business negotiations and makes economic cooperation and exchanges more convenient; creating favorable conditions for Ganzhou to develop trade cooperation with domestic and foreign countries.

(2) The Ganzhou-Shenzhen High-speed Railway brings new opportunities to Ganzhou tourism;

Compared with regular-speed trains, high-speed trains are more comfortable and travel time is greatly reduced. Ganzhou has a large number of red tourism resources and natural tourism resources. The opening of the Gansu-Shenzhen high-speed railway will attract guests from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. On weekends, there is a wonderful future with families and children visiting the market.

A siphon effect may occur:

The Gansu-Shenzhen high-speed rail makes big cities more attractive to small and medium-sized cities. Ganzhou's people, capital, and labor force may gather in big cities such as Shenzhen and Dongguan. All regions will pursue their own development faster and do everything possible to amplify their own unique advantages. For example, the purchasing power of education, medical care, finance, and high-end consumer goods will be affected by the impact of surrounding large cities after the opening of high-speed rail. If there is no distinctive urban personality and characteristics, there is not enough absorption and agglomeration

4. What are the positive impacts of high-speed rail tourism

The opening of the Xicheng High-speed Railway not only greatly shortens travel time, It also connected a golden tourist route. According to China Railway Corporation, at the initial stage of the opening of the Xicheng-Chengdu High-speed Railway, 19 pairs of EMU trains will be arranged, and the shortest travel time from Chengdu to Xi'an will be compressed to 4 hours and 7 minutes. After the new train schedule is implemented at the end of the year, the shortest travel time between the two places will be reduced to 3 hours and 27 minutes, 7 hours shorter than the original shortest travel time between the two places.

:5. The negative impact of high-speed rail on the tourism industry

1. Direct impact: High-speed rail can directly bring huge orders to the engineering construction industry and equipment manufacturing companies, such as China Railway and China Construction , CRRC, etc.

2. The impact of simple connections: High-speed rail has a great role in promoting tourism, attracting investment from the mainland, and allowing talents to work in different places.

3. The state’s investment in high-speed rail not only focuses on economic development, but also on non-economic development. For example, domestic military transportation capabilities have been greatly improved.

6. The beneficial impact of railways on tourism development

First of all, in the development of tourism resources, we emphasize people-oriented. Tourism development relies on resources that are often closely tied to local communities. How to develop these tourism resources so that companies can gain profits, communities can gain income, and governments can gain tax revenue is a very thorny problem all over the world. Foreign investors often ignore locals and tourism revenue is concentrated in the hands of foreign investors and middlemen.

On the other hand, tourism operators sell a large amount of non-local products, causing a loss of community income and causing further losses to the local community economy. Greenwald Village in Bern, Switzerland, has an altitude of 1,000 to 4,000 meters, an area of ??100 square kilometers, and more than 4,000 residents. Tourism has been developing in this area for 200 years. Research since the 1970s has shown that perhaps tourism can develop independently in an area for 20 years, but it can only develop sustainably if it establishes a real connection with local residents. This is how Grindelwald's tourism industry has continued to develop for 200 years. The reason is that there is an inherent connection between them. In other words, respecting local residents and involving local communities are important manifestations of people-centered development in the sustainable development of tourism. Without people-oriented writing, the development of tourism resources often faces an embarrassing situation that is unsustainable. There are many examples of community-respecting and people-centred tourism development along the Alps. But at the same time, in this region, due to large amounts of foreign investment, some places have cut off the connection between local tourism and rural communities, leading to the decline and depression of the tourism industry.

Focus on the convenience and safety of a series of infrastructure facilities such as tourism and transportation. Just like our country, Switzerland, attaches great importance to roads connecting every village, which is a railway between countries. The public transportation system consisting of railways, postal buses, sightseeing cable cars and cruise ships covers almost all cities and attractions in Switzerland. Train departure and stop times are accurate. As a comprehensive service center, the Train City is known as the Train City, providing tourists with various information and services about Swiss trains, buses, and cruises. Tourists can book train seats or berths in other European countries, go through the procedures for boarding the return flight or checking in luggage, exchange currency, store luggage, rent bicycles and roller skates, etc. All trains have bright appearance and bright colors, making tourists feel fresh. The train runs smoothly, has advanced facilities, soft and comfortable seats, air conditioning and smoking and non-smoking areas. Tour buses are equipped with TVs, satellite positioning systems and toilets. On long journeys, tourists can ride conveniently and comfortably. Whether it is trains, buses or cable cars, large glass windows are often used to ensure that tourists can easily enjoy the beautiful scenery on the roadside.

In terms of tourism, catering and accommodation, the emphasis is on cleanliness, hygiene and comfort. Every hotel we stayed in, every restaurant we ate at, and every store we ate at was clean and tidy. Even some small restaurants can let people experience its delicious taste, especially the toilet. In many restaurant toilets, whether in the basement or on the ground or upstairs, we found that the toilets were not damp at all, well lit, clean and tidy inside, and free of odors. The restrooms have ashtrays, hand sanitizer, clean paper towels for wiping hands, and containers for storing dirty paper towels in appropriate places. This environment gives all toilet users a natural love and respect for toilets. This may be something that many star hotels in China should learn from.

In addition, although Switzerland’s panoramic sightseeing model can be experienced more or less in many places in the country, the difference is its service. Panoramic sightseeing spots are usually located in high mountain areas. In such an alpine region, it’s not enough to just focus on the instant gratification of sightseeing. Therefore, in Switzerland, these places are appropriately equipped with warm and comfortable dining facilities and indoor sightseeing facilities, allowing people to experience the polar scenery without the inhuman discomfort of loneliness and cold.

In international tourism services, we must pay attention to transnational cultural research and capacity building. Swiss tourism adheres to an open attitude and recognizes the differences between foreign and domestic cultures; it clarifies the differences between people and their needs in different cultural backgrounds; it emphasizes learning cross-cultural skills (techniques) and pays attention to whether there are special habits and preferences. Different reception styles. Swiss scholars believe that when traveling, you should always ask yourself, what do guests really want? We should fully consider the differences and characteristics between different cultures. In other words, we should be interested in other countries and take the initiative to study them. For example, when promoting tourism to China, Switzerland emphasized the need to adopt adaptation measures based on the interests of the Chinese people. Given the characteristics of Chinese and Indians, the latter are more willing to spend money on accommodation, while the former are more willing to shop. Therefore, in terms of hotel positioning, the hotel's comfortable services are emphasized for Indian tourists, while the hotel's complete functions are mainly emphasized for Chinese tourists. This is an example.

Emphasize understanding and improving tourism services from the perspective of tourists. In the analysis of specific problems, the opinions of tourists and front-line tourism service providers on tourism are emphasized, the root causes of the problems are analyzed in detail, and countermeasures are studied to ensure that tourism services improve preferences and satisfaction due to tourists, and truly realize the goal of humanizing tourism.

Emphasize the passion and confidence of practitioners in tourism services. Swiss counterparts believe that in the development of tourism, tourism practitioners and managers should have heartfelt passion and confidence. Only in this way can guests understand and feel the enthusiasm of people in tourist destinations from a human perspective and truly travel well.

On the surface, the tourism products provided by different countries may be the same in terms of type and reception of tourists, but their specific processes and details are completely different, so tourists will have different feelings, and these The key to the difference is the people-oriented concept and humanized service. As far as Sichuan is concerned, although we are committed to product development, we still lack too much in tourism services compared with the needs of the international tourism market.

Therefore, while our province is vigorously promoting inbound tourism, it should fully study transnational culture, study the needs and interests of international guests for services, improve facilities, strengthen the details of tourism service interests, habits and international standards, and comprehensively improve the additional features of tourism products. value and promote the sustainable development of ecotourism.

(This article was originally published from 0755 to 79000 in 2005)

——Adaptive and innovative management are the fundamental means for sustainable development of the tourism industry.

The environment is always changing. As a particularly comprehensive industry, tourism is always affected by society, politics, and military. Therefore, in the development of tourism, Switzerland and other European countries pay special attention to the cultivation of tourism emergency management capabilities in response to possible situations. Emergency management is not only the management of emergencies, but also a response to the development trend of the tourism industry. Swiss counterparts believe that any change may be an opportunity for the tourism industry and a re-examination and judgment of the past. For example, in the first half of 2005, the Lucerne region of Switzerland experienced floods. At the same time, Switzerland's tourism industry could be affected by the consequences of the floods if we do not take appropriate measures and manage the emergency. Therefore, when the floods stayed in Lucerne for nearly a week, the tourism department and the Lucerne government actively took corresponding response measures. On the one hand, they carried out some project activities such as water observation, and on the other hand, they carried out correct flood management and dynamic publicity to the outside world, achieving the expected purpose.

Switzerland is a country with a long history of tourism, and the development of tourism is relatively stable. For the Swiss tourism industry, change management does not seem to be the most urgent issue. However, it is precisely because of their sophisticated tourism development and management that they have developed emergency management capabilities. For Sichuan, how to vigorously expand the international tourism market in the historical period of economic globalization is a new change management that Sichuan eco-tourism faces. We will combine this visit to Switzerland to further study the comprehensive environment and future development of Sichuan tourism.

This is a tourism resource.

1. The highest mountain range in Europe is the Alps, with an average altitude of about 3,000 meters. The mountains above 4,000 meters are covered with huge glaciers, presenting a polar scenery. It is a world-famous resort for health care, mountain climbing, skiing and tourism. The country located in the Alps develops tourism based on local conditions and uses existing resources, attracting many tourists.

2. Norway, located in the western part of Scandinavia, has a coastline of about 20,000 kilometers and many fjords. It is the country with the longest and most winding coastline in the world. The fjords formed by glaciers are long, narrow and deep, and some go deep into the land for several kilometers, dozens of kilometers, or even one or two hundred kilometers. There are many cliffs on both sides, towering into the clouds, becoming a scenic tourist area and natural harbor.

3. Most of Western Europe has a temperate maritime climate, but along the Mediterranean coast, it has a Mediterranean climate of hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. Therefore, in the summer, the beaches along the Mediterranean coast are a great place for people to spend their holidays.

1/3s of Norway is within the Arctic Circle, and the night from May 18th to July 14th every year is eternal daytime. At midnight every day, a fireball just falls on the horizon, immediately rises and emits a dazzling light, attracting countless domestic and foreign tourists to watch the midnight sun, so Norway is called the Midnight Sun Country.

Iceland is an island country in northwest Europe. About 80 kilometers east of its capital Reykjavik, there is the famous Rocker Geyser. (Show picture) Spray several times an hour, each time lasting about 4-10 minutes. Whenever it is sprayed, hot water gushes out from a hole in the pond (about 3 meters in diameter) in a blue-green color. Then, with a loud noise, the bubbles roiled, and a column of boiling water rushed into the air more than 22 meters high. The steam spreads, hisses, and then the water jets subside until the next eruption.

1. Notre Dame de Paris: Notre Dame de Paris is located on the island of the Seine River. It is a typical Gothic church and created a new style in the history of European architecture. Considered one of France's greatest artistic masterpieces. The entire building is made of stone, just as the French writer Hugo famously described Notre Dame de Paris: a symphony of stones. The front of Notre Dame is a cube with sharp edges and corners, solemn and solemn. It can be divided into three layers from top to bottom. There are three peach-shaped doorways side by side at the bottom. The arc around the doorway is composed of several long series of reliefs. These reliefs represent either stories in "Green Heaven" or scenes of hell. The main entrance of Notre Dame Cathedral is a rectangular cathedral. The main nave of the cathedral is higher than the annexes on both sides. A spire towers into the sky, reaching a height of 90 meters. There is also a prismatic spire on the tower, with a slender cross on the top, which seems to be connected to the distant sky. The inner hall is 130 meters long and 50 meters wide, and can accommodate thousands of wooden chairs. For hundreds of years, Notre Dame has been the venue for important events and rituals in French religious, political and civil life. Because Notre Dame is different from other attractions and is free to visit, domestic and foreign tourists flock to it. (2)

2. The Colosseum: one of the seven most famous tourist attractions in the world, located south of Piazza Venezia in Rome, Italy. It is the most outstanding representative of ancient Roman architecture and a symbol of the ancient Roman Empire. The Arena was built in the 1st century AD to commemorate the victory in the destruction of Jerusalem and forced 80,000 Jewish prisoners to do hard labor for 8 years.

According to records, after its completion, there were 5,000 lions, tigers and other beasts and 3,000 gladiators composed of slaves, captives and criminals who stayed here for 100 days. The building covers an area of ??20,000 square meters, has a circumference of 527 meters, an outer diameter of 188 meters, an inner diameter of 156 meters, a wall height of 57 meters, and can accommodate 87,000 spectators. The arena is built of light yellow boulders and is divided into four levels. The first to third floors are decorated with half-exposed pillars, with an arch between every two pillars. The fourth floor is composed of rectangular windows and rectangular half-exposed square columns, much like a modern oval playground with multi-layered stands. Today, after nearly 2,000 years of erosion by wind, snow, rain, and dew, half of the city wall has collapsed, but the surrounding stands are quite well preserved. (2)

3. Mermaid bronze statue: Denmark’s famous bronze statue, regarded as a symbol of Denmark. The bronze mermaid statue stands in Copenhagen harbor. About the same size as a human body, with beautiful long hair, a slightly shy face, and affectionate eyes. She stared at the sea all day long, waiting for something. It is sculpted after the heroine from Andersen's fairy tale. s fairy tale "Bible". The perfect artistic image of the mermaid and the charm of Andersen's American fairy tale attract thousands of tourists every year.

4. Eiffel Tower: The Eiffel Tower stands on the banks of the Seine and is a symbol of Paris. The tower was built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution and cost over $1 million. And named after its designer, Gustave Eiffel. The Tower is not only a scenic spot, but also an interesting entertainment venue. About 3.5 million people climb the tower every year. The entire tower is divided into three floors. Each floor has a large platform surrounded by tall railings. The heights of the platforms are 57 meters, 115 meters and 276 meters respectively. There are restaurants, shops and a theater on the platform. In addition, an audio-visual exhibition hall has been set up. Visitors can enjoy film and television programs introducing the tower's history and architectural features, as well as enjoy panoramic views of Paris from the third-floor platform. Since the 1950s, the tower has served as the center of French radio and television and is currently one of the tallest wireless transmission towers in the world.

5. Leaning Tower of Pisa: The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the bell tower attached to the Cathedral of Pisa. Its construction began in 1174 and was completed in 1350. It is an eight-story cylindrical building. The tower is 54.5 meters high, the bottom of the tower wall is about 4 meters thick, and the top is more than 2 meters thick. They are all made of marble and weigh 14,200 tons. This was the template for Roman architecture. Due to careless foundations of the tower, the tower tilted when it reached the third floor. When completed, the center of the tower top deviated 2.1 meters from the vertical centerline. For more than 600 years, the tower continued to slowly tilt, hence its name. Why is the Leaning Tower of Pisa famous? It is said that in 1590, the great Italian physicist Galileo Galilei conducted a famous free fall experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, which caused tourists from all over the world to flock to see the Leaning Tower. In order to protect this ancient tower, it has been closed since January 1990. Visitors can only look up from the outside but cannot climb the tower.

6. The Louvre: The Louvre is a French art museum located on the banks of the Seine in the center of Paris. Originally a medieval castle, it was rebuilt and expanded many times after the 16th century, and reached its current size in the 18th century. With more than 400,000 art treasures, the Louvre is one of the most famous and largest art treasure houses in the world. This is truly a palace of treasures. Starting in 1932, the Louvre underwent a comprehensive renovation and was divided into seven departments: the Department of Ancient Greek and Roman Culture, the Department of Ancient Oriental Culture, the Department of Ancient Egyptian Culture, the Painting Department, the Drawing Department, the Sculpture Department and the Art Department. Among the treasures collected, the three treasures in the palace (Venus, Carney, the goddess of victory, and Mona Lisa) are the most famous. Two million tourists visit the Louvre every year. (2)

7. Tower Bridge: Tower Bridge is one of the 28 bridges on the Thames River and was built from 1886 to 1894. It is named because the bridge is connected by four towers. Whenever a giant ship passes the Thames, the machine in the tower will move, and the bridge deck in the middle will be divided into two and slowly fold up; after the ship passes, it will slowly lower again. The two movable bridge decks each weigh 1,000 tons. Historically, Tower Bridge was known as London's main entrance. (2)

8. Arc de Triomphe: The Arc de Triomphe is located in the center of the Central Square in Paris. It was built by Napoleon to commemorate his victory over the Russian and Austrian forces at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. Designed by engineering architect Charles Grande, construction began in 1806 and lasted 30 years, finishing in 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is about 50 meters high, 45 meters wide and 22 meters thick. It has doors on all four sides, and the central arch is about 15 meters wide. There are many exquisite carvings on the door, all based on the history of the French war from 1792 to 1815. The most outstanding of them is the famous "Daughter of the Sea" carved on the stone pillar on the right. In 1920, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was built under the city gate to bury the unknown soldiers who died in the First World War. There is a burning lamp in front of the tomb, and red, white and blue flowers symbolizing the French flag are often laid. The Arc de Triomphe is equipped with an elevator that can reach the 50-meter-high arch, giving you a panoramic view of Paris.

9. Parthenon: The Parthenon is located in the center of the Acropolis Hill in the old city of Athens, at the highest point of the hill. It was built between 447 BC and 438 BC. It is considered the pinnacle of Doric architectural art and is known as the national treasure of Greece. The exterior of the temple is rectangular, about 70 meters long and 31 meters wide. There are 46 colonnades composed of Doric columns. The column base is 1.9 meters in diameter and about 10.5 meters high.

Each pillar is made of 10-12 sections of marble, and the whole column is prismatic. The main building of the temple is two halls, one with six Doric columns on each side. The east entrance hall leads to the inner hall, which contains a huge statue of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, about 12 meters high. The Parthenon and the statue of Athena were designed and created by the famous architect and sculptor Phidias. After several natural and man-made disasters, the Parthenon now only has a shell lined with stone pillars. The disappearance of the statue of Athena has become a great regret in the history of world art.

European Economy

Europe’s economic development level ranks first among all continents. Industry, transportation, commercial trade, finance and insurance, etc. Occupation

Europe's coal and iron ore mining accounts for more than 30% of the world's total, and mercury and potassium salts account for more than 60% of the total mining. Its main industrial sectors are steel, machinery, chemicals and food. How much of the world's output of automobiles, ships, aircraft, power generation equipment, agricultural machinery and electronic equipment accounts for 40% of the world's total? 0%, Russia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and other countries have huge production scales. In addition, Swiss clocks and precision instruments, Czech and Slovak heavy machinery, German optical instruments, Spanish shipbuilding, Swedish shipbuilding and mining machinery all enjoy an international reputation.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the second production sector in Europe. The level of integration and intensification of agriculture and animal husbandry is an important feature. Wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, sunflowers, flax, etc. Mainly planting. Wheat production accounts for about 50% of the world's production, and barley accounts for more than 60% of the total production. The horticulture industry is developed, mainly producing grapes and apples. Animal husbandry is mainly focused on raising pigs, cattle and sheep.

Transportation

Europe has formed a huge comprehensive transportation network, and various transportation modes are highly developed. Railways, highways, shipping and aviation are all developed. The transportation industry ranks first in all continents of the world.

Terrain: The general terrain of Europe is characterized by mainly plains, with widespread glaciers and mountains in the south. Plateaus, hills and mountains above 200 meters above sea level account for about 40% of the entire continent, of which only 15% are above 500,000 meters above sea level, and only 2% are above 2,000 meters above sea level. Plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 60% of the entire continent. The average altitude of the entire continent is 300 meters, the lowest. The European Plain extends for thousands of miles from the Atlantic coast in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east, forming a great plain across Europe. The Alps, which run across the south, are the largest mountain ranges in Europe. Mount Elbrus, the main peak of the Greater Caucasus Mountains in the southeast, is 5,642 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in Europe. The Scandinavian mountains in Northern Europe are relatively flat, with deep inland coasts flanked by steep fjords. The lowlands along the northern coast of the Caspian Sea are 28 meters below sea level, making them the lowest points on the entire continent.

Climate: The climate in most parts of Europe is mild and humid. The north and south latitude of the mainland is 35°, and only 47° including the affiliated islands. Except for the northern coast and islands in the Arctic Ocean, which belong to the cold zone, the southern coast belongs to the subtropical zone, almost all of which are in the temperate zone. It is the world's most extensive continent with a temperate maritime climate. Every place in western Europe is no more than 700 kilometers away from the ocean, while the farthest places in the east are up to 1,600 kilometers away from the ocean. Therefore, Europe transitions from oceanic climate to continental climate from west to east. Due to the vastness of the plains, the moist westerly winds blowing from the vast Atlantic Ocean can penetrate deep into the interior without any hindrance, and the moist air regulates the temperature. The North Atlantic Current warms coastal areas throughout western and northern Europe. The largest area in the cold month is between 0 and 16; the average temperature in the hottest month is mostly between 8 and 4. Rainfall amounts and their distribution vary due to distance from the Atlantic Ocean and prevailing wind direction. The average annual precipitation on the windward slopes near the Atlantic Ocean is more than 1,000 mm, and the average annual precipitation in the vast low mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains is between 500,000 mm. The southern parts of the three major peninsulas of Southern Europe are subtropical Mediterranean-style winter precipitation areas, and winter precipitation accounts for about 30% of the annual precipitation. 0%.

Forests and grasslands: Europe has 874 million hectares of forest area, accounting for about 23% of the world's total forest area, of which the former Soviet Union has the largest forest area. Grassland area accounts for about 15% of the world's total grassland area.