Xi tour guide words

There are hundreds of ancient city walls in China, among which Beijing, Nanjing and Xi 'an have the largest ancient city walls. However, the ancient city walls of Beijing and Nanjing have been demolished or seriously damaged, while the Xi 'an ancient city wall built in 1370 is still intact. When the Japanese emperor visited China and came to Xi 'an, he put it on? The eighth wonder of the world? The terracotta warriors and horses did not look at the pit, but boarded the Ximen Pagoda, which was built more than 600 years ago, and enjoyed the majestic appearance of this ancient city wall. Please come with me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi.

The origin of the city wall

Dear tourists, these days, we have enjoyed the colorful, simple and profound ancient city walls in the sunrise or sunset in the garage. Now we come to the foot of the city wall, please walk on the city wall for sightseeing.

Everyone must want to know what the true meaning of the city wall is. ? City wall? Where did this word originally come from? City? This word is extended. ? City? According to Shuo Wen, right? Sheng? Common words? Sheng? It's Nam Min, so? City? The original meaning of the word is that the soil surrounds the people and becomes a country, which leads to the meaning of the city wall. Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation, the Great Wall of Wan Li? City? Yu, that is, the meaning of the wall. Only later, with the development of society, cities? The word also contains an explanation of today's cities.

? City? Chinese characters first appeared in bronze inscriptions of the Zhou Dynasty, which vividly reflected the military use of the ancient city wall from the glyph. The military function of the city wall is to defend private ownership. Ideologically, the size of the city wall is a strict embodiment of the hierarchical patriarchal clan system. Obviously, the ruler built the city wall to protect himself and declare the state power. The Xi city wall we see now is one of the most famous city wall buildings in the history of China. It took eight years from the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1370), when Zhu Yuanzhang wrote a letter to repair the city, to the eleventh year of Hongwu (AD 1378). It was built on the basis of the imperial city, the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties. After successive repairs, the appearance of the feudal city wall building has been basically maintained, which embodies the outstanding achievements of China ancient urban construction technology.

The scale and structural facilities of the city wall

Dear tourists, how big is the wall of Xi? What is its structure? According to the calculation, the circumference of Xi 'an city wall is 1 1.9 km, including 2590 m for the east wall, 263 1.2 m for the west wall, 344 1.6 m for the south wall and 324 1 m for the north wall. Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.

You see a small town, and there is a guard door called urn outside the four doors of the city wall. The so-called urn means that once the enemy enters, they will be attacked from all directions on the wall of the urn, just like turtles in an urn, and they can't escape. Outside the urn, there is a small town guarding the urn, which was called Ma Yang Town in ancient times. In ancient times, gates were opened and closed at specific times. Those who haven't returned to the city after closing the city gate can take their own sheep and horses into Mayang City and Huancheng Park to rest and wait until the city gate is opened before entering the city. Mayangcheng in Xi was completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty. I remember that in 1986, about 17.5 meters outside the north gate of the barbican in Andingmen (West Gate), Xi City, the north side door of Ma Yang City was found, with a length of 5.5 meters and a width of 2.4 meters. Now you can see the restored Ma Yang Town outside Nanmen Wengcheng, with a wall length of198m and a height of 9.5m. ..

Outside the moat, there used to be four rammed earth cities guarding four gates, named Guo Cheng. According to Volume 9 of Xi An Zhou Zhi, Dongguo Town and Xiguo Town were built in Korea during the God Blessed Period of the Tang Dynasty. Song, Jin and Yuan were all caused by it. When the city was expanded during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, most of the small towns in Dongguo were wrapped by big cities, and the new town in Dongguo was left outside the city. Records of Xiguo Town in the late Ming Dynasty. At present, there are only some remnants of the Guo Cheng city wall in the four passes, and its name is only on the place name of the country.

Now we come to the northeast of Xi 'an, which used to be Miyagi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang named his second son the King of Qin, and ordered him to sit in Xi 'an to strengthen his control over the northwest. The whole city of the king of Qin was divided into two walls. The outer wall is called Xiaoqiang, all made of earth. The inner wall is called brick wall because the outside is made of blue bricks. After the Ming Dynasty, Xiao Qiang was destroyed. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, temples were built in Xi 'an, and most of the buildings of the Qin Palace were demolished, and the brick city was changed to the Eight Banners Teaching Ground. At present, there are only a few remains of rammed earth city in Qin Brick City.

When Xi 'an was built in the Ming Dynasty, there were four gates in the city: Changle? 、? Yongning? 、? Valium? 、? Anyuan? . The name of the gate is engraved on the bluestone door outside Dacheng Gate. The building built at the gate of the big city is called the tower, also called the main building, and it is the command post of the commander of guarding the city. The building built on Wengchengmen Cave is called Arrow Tower, because there is an arrow window on the wall of the building, which was used for archery defense at that time. During the Republic of China, four city gates were opened, commonly known as Xiaosimen: Zhongshan Gate (Xiaodongmen), built to commemorate Sun Yat-sen, located at the eastern end of Dongxin Street; Don't screen the door (small south gate), it's at the southern end of Sifu Street today; Yuxiangmen (Xiaoximen), located at the western end of Lianhu Road, was demolished after liberation. Jiefangmen (small north gate), formerly known as Zhongzhengmen, is located at the northern end of Jiefang Road. It was built in Xi 'an Anlonghai Road when it was opened to traffic, and was demolished on 1952 due to the expansion of the railway station. After liberation, Xi also opened new city gates, with Jianguomen, Heping Gate, Wenchang Men Site Ruins, Zhuquemen and Hanguang Gate on the south wall. There is Suntech Gate on the north wall. There is a Chaoyang gate on the east wall.

As most tourists know, when Xi Ming City Wall was built, there were 98 enemy towers, all of which had enemy towers. However, in 1982, the field investigation of Xi 'an City Wall Management Office found that none of those ancient enemy towers were left, and only some of them still had cornerstones. After that, Xi 'an rebuilt the 12 watchtower, which is a brick-wood structure with two double eaves and cloisters around the ground floor.

The ancient city wall facilities not only have watchtowers and arrow towers for military purposes, but also have Kuixing Tower as a sacrifice to Kuixing, the god who dominates the cultural movement. The Kuixing Tower in Xi 'an was built in the east of the South Gate Tower and was later destroyed by fire. Later, Kuixing Building was rebuilt on the original site, which is worth seeing.

Xi guide 2 Dear tourists and friends:

Hello everyone!

Welcome everyone to visit Xi 'an.

Xi 'an, a famous historical and cultural city, is located in the middle of Weishui Plain on the west bank of the Yellow River. This is a fertile land, 800 miles and thousands of hectares of Qinchuan, with rich products and outstanding people. On the land of China, this bright pearl embedded in the southern end of the Loess Plateau once had a world-famous splendid history and culture and beautiful natural landscape.

On the south side of Xi 'an, there are hundreds of miles from east to west, and mountains are connected. The eastern Alps? Known as the Qinling Mountains. On this beautiful scenic line, there are Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, which is known as the first of the five mountains, Mount Li in Lintong, which is famous for its hot spring Tang Chi, Mount Zhongnan, which is lush in four seasons and has strange things, and Taibai Mountain, which snows in June. Together they form a natural and unique landscape group. In ancient Chang 'an, there were eight rivers around, including Weihe River, Chanhe River, Chanhe River, Laohe River, Fenghe River, Tanhe River, Zaohe River and Yuhe River. What is the so-called? Eight waters around Chang 'an? .

This Millennium-old ancient capital at the foot of the Qinling Mountains and on the banks of the Weihe River has the solid foundation of Tongguan in the east and the danger of scattered customs in the west. In the north, the equator built by the Qin Dynasty, which is hundreds of meters wide and stretches for thousands of miles, reaches the Mongolian grassland, and is the main artery to fight against the Huns and supply materials. There are Ziwu Road, Luo Luo Lu, Xiexie Road and Chencang Road in the south, which can cross Hanzhong to Bashu. Wuguan Road in Shangluo Mountain area in southeast China is the throat leading to Chu State. In ancient Chang 'an, the transportation was convenient, the land and water were used together, the terrain was dangerous, and it was easy to defend but difficult to attack. It has always been a battleground for military strategists and a place for emperors to make contributions.

Xi area is an important birthplace of China's history and culture, and it is also one of the earliest developed areas of human civilization. In the history of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, perhaps no city can enjoy such a lofty position and unparalleled brilliance as Xi 'an: it is the capital of 13 dynasties since the Western Zhou Dynasty and the epitome of the first half of China feudal society.

Since the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Xi 'an has been in the political, economic and cultural center of China for a long time with its unique historical position. In the 1 1 century BC, the Zhou family grew and developed in Qishan and Fufeng in the west of Guanzhong, and eventually lost its business and established its country, with its capital in Fengjing and Haojing. The Qin people established Yongcheng, Liyang and Xianyang successively, went out of Hangu in the east, destroyed the six countries, and established an unprecedented unified Qin empire. Xianyang, located in Yuanshang, is still the capital of Qin Dynasty, and there are continuous palaces on both sides of Weihe River. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang destroyed Qin, he took a fancy to the 800-mile Qinchuan in Woye, and decided to set the capital on the south bank of Weihe River, separated from Xianyang in Qin. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty to establish a new dynasty and inherited the capital and organizational system of the Han family. When the Yellow turban insurrectionary army started, Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang Palace, and the eighteen-route princes begged for Zhuo, so Dong Zhuo forced Xian Di to move westward to Chang 'an, where the Eastern Han Dynasty spent six years.

There are a lot of cultural treasures in the Western Zhou Dynasty 30XX years ago on both sides of the scenic Fenghe River, which is a magical and charming place. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Yu proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an and was destroyed in just three years. Qianzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Western Wei and Northern Zhou successively established their capitals here. Chang 'an experienced a long period of war and shortage of soldiers after Ankang and peace in Han Dynasty.

In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty unified China. Later, in the southeast of Chang 'an, the famous architect Yuwen Kai designed and supervised Daxing City, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. The scale layout and scientific facilities of Daxing City obviously surpassed Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty, which laid the foundation for Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday in the history of China, and Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was also an unparalleled brilliant model in the history of China. Chang 'an is not only the political, economic and cultural center of the Tang Dynasty, but also the largest international city in the East.

? Since ancient times, the imperial power of Qin has been in the central government? . History chose Xi 'an, and Xi 'an enriched history. Today, whenever people mention the former Chang 'an of Xi 'an, they are full of national pride and reverence and admiration for China's colorful and unparalleled ancient civilization for thousands of years.

If history chose Xi 'an as the capital of emperors, making it the central stage of politics, economy and culture in China for more than 1000 years, then the emperors who made great achievements here chose the vast and profound yellow land in Guanzhong as their final destination. As a result, the dense and magnificent imperial tombs spread all over Guanzhong with the pride of ancient and modern times, becoming one of the most unique cultural landscapes in An.

The imperial tombs in Shaanxi can be traced back to the Huangdi Mausoleum more than 5000 years ago. It is the tomb of Xuanyuan Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, which is recognized in the world. It is located at the top of Qiao Shan, huangling county, in the north of Xi. From ancient times to the present, countless descendants of the Chinese people, the Chinese Miao people, come here every year to pay homage to the mausoleum, find their roots and ask their ancestors, and cherish the memory of the holy virtue. In addition to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, about 70 emperors were buried in Guanzhong from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ancient Chang 'an was not only the long-term political and economic center of China, but also the religious and cultural center. In the Tang Dynasty with political stability and economic development, Chang 'an's religious culture also reached its peak. At this time, not only the local Taoist culture in China was widely spread, but more importantly, the foreign Buddhist culture occupied a prominent position in social life.

Buddhism was introduced into China in the Han Dynasty, and experienced the Northern and Southern Dynasties, becoming the ideology of the gentry. In the Tang Dynasty, worshipping Buddha became a common practice. Chang 'an, as a city spanning Wan Li and Eurasia? The Silk Road? The eastern end and the international metropolis bring together famous monks and missionaries from all over the world. Outside Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty, there were many pagodas and temples, and there were also many people who gave lectures and listened to the law. According to historical documents, there are as many as 122 Buddhist temples and 3 1 Buddhist temples in Chang 'an, and emperors and court dignitaries are proud of building temples and teaching monks. The scale of these temples is also amazing, such as Jionji? There are more than ten courtyards, with a total of 1896 rooms, covering an area of 342 mu? . In the enlightened and open Tang Dynasty, not only Buddhist sects and Taoism, as the national religion, were very active, but Nestorianism (another name for the spread of Christianity to the East), Manichaeism and Islam were also introduced to China one after another, making indelible contributions to the prosperity of Chinese and foreign cultures.

Today, there are still many religious and cultural relics inside and outside Chang 'an City. The majestic Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Jionji and the beautiful Little Wild Goose Pagoda in Jianfu Temple have become symbols of the famous historical and cultural city Xi. Famen Temple has once again become a Buddhist holy place because four Buddhist relics collected in the Tang Dynasty have been unearthed. Famous temples such as Daxing Temple, Qingyuan Temple and Ji Xiang Temple have also become symbols of friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries and tourist attractions. The famous Taoist Louguantai, the Eight Immortals Palace and the Huajue Lane Mosque, which combines Chinese and Western cultures, are important places for spreading Taoist and Islamic cultures respectively.

Historically, Xi 'an Ancient City provided a broad and splendid stage for China to show its great and brilliant posture to the world, and made immortal contributions to the survival, progress and development of the Chinese nation. Perhaps it is in return for Xi 'an that history generously donated countless historical relics and cultural relics to this magical land. This is an inexhaustible treasure, which not only makes every Chinese son and daughter feel proud and responsible for history, but also makes people all over the world realize the clear track of social civilization development and the surging creativity of mankind as one of the essences of human cultural heritage.

The historical sites in Xi 'an and its Guanzhong area have rare historical sequence integrity. This outstanding advantage is determined by the large span of Xi 'an, which is beyond the reach of many historical cities. Here, Lantian ape-man 1 15000 years ago and the painted pottery basin of Banpo matriarchal clan settlement, * * * all outline the context and footprint of the life, reproduction and development of primitive ancestors; The profound, dignified and mysterious bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties reproduce the ritual and music system of slave society and the life atmosphere of noble bells. The heroic terracotta warriors and horses and exquisite relief stones in Qin and Han dynasties wrapped the political situation and bonfire smoke in the early feudal society; The dazzling murals and colorful gold and silver utensils in the Sui and Tang Dynasties recorded the glorious chapter of the golden age. What about the inscriptions, porcelain, calligraphy and painting of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties that witnessed the continued development of civilization after Xi 'an lost its imperial capital? It is no exaggeration to say that searching the cultural relics of Xi 'an in chronological order is tantamount to reading a condensed general history of China.

Xi 'an and its nearby areas are rich in cultural relics and complete in categories, which is another great advantage. Not to mention the titles of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xianyang Palace in Qin Dynasty, Chang 'an City in Han and Tang Dynasties and other large sites, as well as exquisite ancient buildings, famous temples and grottoes. According to preliminary statistics, the collection has reached more than 600,000 pieces (groups). Including ceramics, bronzes, jade articles, gold and silver wares, murals, stone carvings, brick carvings, inscriptions, Jeff seals and other categories. In this sense, Xi 'an, an ancient city, is itself a natural history museum and a hall of cultural and artistic works.

Xi 'an's natural landscape is also unique, which is well known in China and surrounding areas. Strange danger is the best in the world? Wang Zhongyang, the originator of Quanzhen School, finished Nanshan. Natural geological museum? Known as Taibai Mountain and? The goddess who mended the sky? Land of Mount Li? The first blessed place in the cave? Louguantai? Wangchuan, the hometown of mountains and rivers in China (Su Shi Exhibition? There is a picture in the poem, and there is a poem in the picture? )、? Blue sky cave, hometown of ape-man, and other scenic spots. Xi 'an's gardens are full of royal style.

Huaqing Palace tells the story of Song of Eternal Sorrow with its original hot springs and warm and romantic love stories. Xingqing Palace Description? Li Bai is drunk? An eternal story; A song? The setting sun is infinitely beautiful, buried by the coming night? Let the dusk in Leyuan Scenic Area become a charming dusk scenery. ? Last spring, in this door, the girl's face contrasted with the peach. Today, I came here again. I don't know where the girl went. Only the peach blossoms are still there, smiling in full bloom in the spring breeze. ? If you have a chance to go to Qu Wei, where will you be under the peach tree? Peach blossom? Sweet dreams, feeling true love. At present, Xi 'an has 1 1 forest park, which constitutes the natural oxygen bar of this ancient city.

Humanity and landscape blend together, forming the unique charm of ancient Xi 'an.

As the head of the ancient capital of China, Xi 'an, after more than 3,000 years of development, is shouldering countless brilliant dreams of the Chinese nation and is firmly moving towards tomorrow.

From 65438 to 0949, after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the ancient city of Xi 'an opened a new chapter in its development history. Since the 1980s, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, 665,438+800,000 Xi people have seized the opportunity of the times, made great efforts to build Xi 'an into a socialist export-oriented city with unprecedented courage and speed. A thriving and dynamic Xi city is standing among the world's cities. Today, Xi is an important scientific research and development base in contemporary China. There are more than 3,000 scientific research institutions in the city, including machinery, electric power, electronics, aviation, aerospace, geology, chemical industry, textile, instrumentation and nuclear industry, as well as the only watch industry research institute in China and the central nervous system of aerospace measurement and control network? The satellite monitoring and control center is also located in Xi 'an.

Today, Xi is an important higher education base in China. There are 42 institutions of higher learning in the city, more than 10 postdoctoral research stations, about 100 doctoral degree awarding points and more than 300 master degree awarding points, which cultivate a large number of modern talents for the country every year, worthy of the name? The cradle of talent? .

Today, Xi is a world-famous tourist hotspot city. The long and vast historical and cultural relics, beautiful and magnificent natural scenery in the northwest and changeable and magical traditional folk customs constitute Xi 'an's unique tourism resources, attracting countless tourists from home and abroad to explore the future. With the development of tourism, various tourist facilities and municipal projects have been further improved. With Xi 'an as the center, high-grade highways crisscross and extend in all directions. With the completion of the Eurasian Continental Bridge and the Xi Xianyang International Airport, Xi has more frequent and close contacts with domestic and foreign countries. A large number of star-rated hotels and modern entertainment facilities and places have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, which not only guarantees the development of tourism, but also adds elegance and charm to the appearance of the ancient city.

In order to enrich the cultural and recreational life of tourists and meet the demand for leisure and holiday, Xi 'an has built more than 3,700 cultural and recreational facilities in various forms, such as Tang Le Palace, Gudu Grand Theatre, Tang Hua Song and Dance Theatre, Qinqiang Grand Theatre, Ginza Nightclub and Taoyuan Lake Bowling Club. Presented such literary and artistic programs as Chang 'an Music and Dance in Tang Dynasty, Imitation of Tang Music and Dance, Soul of Qin Figurines and Folk Music and Dance in Northern Shaanxi, which have been well received by domestic and foreign tourists for a long time.

The production of Xi 'an tourism commodities has strong local characteristics. Huxian county has many folk handicrafts, such as imitation of Qin figurines, antique bronzes, Qin embroidery, jade, silk, craft porcelain, peasant paintings, tri-color paintings in the Tang Dynasty, Guanzhong porcelain plate paintings, landscape tables, grass paintings, paper cuts and so on. There are 26 designated shops for foreign tourists in this city, which can meet the shopping needs of tourists at different levels. At the same time, Xi 'an's catering industry can provide unique Shaanxi cuisine for tourists, such as imitation Tang cuisine, dumpling banquet, mutton bread in soup and local snacks, which is famous all over the country.

Today, Xi is still an international metropolis with all-round inland opening. By summing up the rise and fall of history and understanding the fear of a bright future, Xi people deeply realize that opening the door of the world and letting Xi go to the world is the only way for the development and prosperity of this ancient city today.

History is good to Xi 'an, and Xi 'an will live up to it!