Brief introduction of Qingdao history

In the Neolithic Age, Qingdao was one of the main areas where Dongyi people thrived, leaving behind rich and colorful Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qingdao was the birthplace of China sea salt, ranking among the "four ancient salt areas" and "five ancient ports" in China.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jimo, the second largest history in Shandong, was established in Qingdao, and "Jimo Old City" (in pingdu city) is the earliest existing ancient city site in China.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he traveled around the world five times and went to Langya three times (in Huangdao District, Qingdao). According to records, China's earliest overseas voyage-Xu Fudong crossed Korea and Japan-set sail from Langya.

When he was a teenager, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the King of Jiaodong in Buqiguo (Chengyang District), and he was the emperor who made the most cruises from China to Qingdao.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Qingdao, as a "transit station" connecting north and south shipping, became the most important transportation hub and trade port along the northern coast of China. In the Song Dynasty, Banqiao (in jiaozhou city) was established as a "city shipping company" to manage foreign trade.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Jiaolai Canal, the only maritime canal in China, was dug to facilitate the transportation of grain by sea.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qingdao was an important coastal defense fortress in northern China, which belonged to Laizhou Prefecture.

In the 17th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (189 1), in June of 14, the Qing government fortified Jiaoao and Qingdao was established. In the 23rd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1897)165438+10/4, Germany occupied Qingdao under the pretext of "Juye religious plan", and Qingdao became a colony. ?

In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), World War I broke out and Japan occupied Qingdao instead of Germany. In the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19), the May 4th Movement broke out in China, which was a watershed in the modern history of China. In the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922) 65438+February 10, China Beiyang government regained Qingdao and turned it into a commercial port.

In July of the Republic of China 18 (1929), the National Government established Qingdao Special City, which was renamed Qingdao City in 1930. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), in October 65438, Japan invaded Qingdao again. In September of the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), the National Government took over Qingdao, which remained a special city.

1On June 2, 949, Qingdao became the last liberated city in North China, and it became a city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province.

Extended data:

Geological characteristics of Qingdao

Qingdao geotectonics is located in the northeast margin of Jiaonan Uplift and the south-central part of Jiaolai Depression, which is the secondary structural unit of Neocathaysia Uplift. The whole Paleozoic strata and some Mesozoic strata are missing in this area, but the volcanic rocks of Cretaceous Qingshan Formation are developed and widely exposed in Qingdao.

Magmatic rocks are mainly Yuejishan gneiss granite in Jiaonan period of Proterozoic and Ai Shan granodiorite and Laoshan granite in late Yanshanian period of Mesozoic. The urban areas are all located on this granite, and the building foundation conditions are excellent. The structure is mainly fault structure. Since Tertiary, this area has been dominated by fault block uplift with stable integrity, with a small overall increase.

topography

Qingdao is a coastal hilly city, with high terrain in the east and low terrain in the west, rising on the north and south sides and low depression in the middle. Among them, mountains account for about 15.5% of Qingdao's total area (the same below), hills account for 2. 1%, plains account for 37.7%, and depressions account for 2 1.7%.

Qingdao coast can be divided into three basic types: headland rocky coast, muddy silty coast and bedrock sandy coast. In shallow water, there are underwater shoals, modern underwater deltas and marine erosion plains. Qingdao has three mountain systems.

In the southeast is the Laoshan Mountains, with steep terrain, and the main peak is 1 132.7 meters above sea level. From Mrding to the west and north, all the way to Qingdao. In the north is Daze Mountain (736.7 meters above sea level, all the mountains in Pingdu and some peaks in Laixi belong to it). In the south, the Jiaonan Mountain Group consists of Dazhushan (486.4m above sea level), Xiaozhushan (724.9m above sea level) and Tiecha Mountain (595. 1m above sea level).

The mountains in the urban area include Fushan Mountain (elevation 384m), Taiping Mountain (elevation 150m), Qingdao Mountain (elevation 128.5m), Beiling Mountain (elevation16.4m) and Jiading Mountain (elevation/kloc-0)

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