Terrain sand table (Terrain sand table model picture)

What is a sand table?

Sand table This is short for sand table model. According to topographic maps, aerial photographs or on-the-spot topography, the model made of silt, chess and other materials in a certain proportion is a sand table model. Sand table model is divided into simple sand table model and permanent sand table model. The simple sand table model is made temporarily with sand and chess on the spot; Permanent sand table model is made of foam plastic board, gypsum powder, paper pulp and other materials, which can be preserved for a long time. Sand table model has the characteristics of strong three-dimensional sense, intuitive image, simple production, economy and practicality. Sand table model has a wide range of uses, which can vividly show the terrain of the combat area and show the composition, strength and weapon deployment of enemy positions. Military commanders often study the terrain, enemy situation, battle plan, organize coordinated actions, conduct tactical drills, study war cases, and sum up operational experience. Sand table model is also often used to make models of economic development planning and large-scale engineering construction, which is intuitive and favored by planners and engineers.

Classification of sand table:

1, landform sand table model

Geomorphological sand table model expresses geomorphological features in the form of micro-entities, reflects mountains, water bodies, roads and other things in the model, mainly displays topographic data, and allows people to understand macro things from a micro perspective. Terrain sand table model is mainly used in transportation, water conservancy, electric power, land and resources, tourism, military and other industries.

2. Building sand table model

The building sand table model is a miniature entity, which is used to express the shape of the building and its geographical relationship with the surrounding environment, and to transform the architect's intention into concrete objects, so that users can intuitively understand the designer's intentions and ideas. Building sand table model is mainly used for real estate development, government planning, design institute scheme description, and restoration of disappeared or damaged buildings.

3. Scene sand table model

Scene sand table model is to show a life scene or work scene in miniature, which is more stereoscopic and artistic than photos. Mainly used in archaeological research, scene restoration, film and television shooting and other fields.

The origin of sand table

In the sales center of real estate developers, we often see the sand table model there, and you can also see the room type and surrounding environment of the house you want to buy through the sand table model.

The sand table model shows the physical image to the viewer in a miniature way, which is small and convenient. Therefore, sand table model is applied to many industries, such as urban planning, environmental management, engineering reform, agricultural planning, real estate design and so on to show its characteristics.

The sand table models we see now are all beautiful, but do you know what the sand table used to look like?

In ancient times, the sand table model was originally used in the military field. The terrain model of the enemy's and our enemy's positions is formed by some silt and flags piled up in a certain proportion. Through this model, the general can infer the enemy's battle plan and discuss the coping strategies, which plays a decisive role in the victory of the war.

The earliest recorded sand table in the history of China was in the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Once"? Ma Yuan Biography records that in the eighth year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xiao Wei, the local leader of Longxi, set out to crusade against Gongsun Shu, Sichuan, and enlisted troops to rebel against the imperial court. Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu wanted to send troops to conquer, so he called the famous Ma Yuan to discuss the invasion strategy. Ma Yuan is very familiar with the geographical environment in Longxi. Seeing Emperor Guangwu's inquiry, he piled rice into a model similar to the actual terrain in Longxi area, and used the model to elaborate the enemy's situation in detail. Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty praised this particular image mode. This is the earliest sand table in China.

18 1 1 year, von Leswitz, the civilian military adviser to King Friedrich Wilhelm Ⅲ of Prussia, made an exquisite battlefield model with clay, showing roads, rivers, villages and Woods in colors, and using small porcelain blocks to represent troops and weapons, which were displayed in Potsdam Palace for military games. Later, Leswitz's son used sand tables and maps to represent the terrain, used timers to represent the configuration of troops and weapons, and made strategic planning according to actual combat methods. This "war game" is the modern sand table operation. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of 1920s, the sand table was mainly used for military training, and it was put into use only after World War I..

With the rapid development of real estate in the 2 1 century, the building sand table model industry has risen rapidly as a supporting industry of the real estate industry! Building a sand table model has quietly become one of the indispensable tools in the sales center.

1. Understand the surrounding environment through the regional model

Generally speaking, when we look at a real estate, we usually want to know the geographical location, surrounding environment, supporting facilities and traffic conditions of the community first. In fact, we can understand it through the regional model.

The general proportion of regional model is about 1: 1000, which can fully reflect the regional value of real estate. As the first stop to understand the project, the regional model will highlight the road where the real estate is located, the landmark buildings such as large supermarkets, hospitals, schools, parks and squares nearby, and mark the surrounding real estate one by one.

The picture below shows the model of Huizhou Time Road project made by Grand Canyon Group.

2. Understand the overall pattern through the overall model.

The overall model is the most common model in the sales office, and the production scale ranges from 1: 100 to 1: 400. Through the understanding of the overall apartment type, it is clear whether the residential density is too large, the architectural style is satisfactory, the collocation of architecture and landscape is coordinated, the distribution of internal traffic is reasonable, and the distribution of public facilities is humanized, which have great influence on the future living quality and are also the key factors that buyers should consider when comparing different properties.

The picture below shows the project model of Ankang Wen Lan Building made by Grand Canyon Group.

3. Understand the details through the apartment model.

For the viewing effect of buyers, the model of room type is generally transparent or translucent, and the production ratio is about1:10 ~1:100. Through the apartment model, we can intuitively understand the orientation of the house, the design of bedroom, living room, dining room and bathroom, the color of the wall, the configuration and placement of furniture and so on.

When looking at the apartment model, we should generally look at it carefully in combination with the overall model. Don't just look at the apartment, look at the floor plan of the whole building. Otherwise, you will see an apartment with a transparent north and south, and the north side may be the passage of the house.

The picture below shows the high-end apartment model made by Grand Canyon Group.

With the vigorous development of urban planning, real estate industry and architectural design industry, the design and production of building sand table model have been developed unprecedentedly; As a new industry, people pay more and more attention to it.

Judging from the development of the national sand table model industry, at first, sand table model design and production was only a subsidiary industry of advertising companies. 1992, a professional building sand table model design and production company first appeared in Shenzhen. Since then, the design and production of sand table model has gradually appeared as a specialized industry in Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai and other regions and cities. Since then, the design and production of sand table model has been separated from advertising companies and has become an independent industry.

How to make a geographical sand table

1 production technology and production process

Carving, coloring and post-treatment.

Common elevation data formats: DEM, STL, ASC, etc.

1. What is a real satellite sand table?

Satellite real-life sand table refers to using the world-leading high-precision real-life sand table making technology, collecting real three-dimensional geographic information data through seamless docking with satellite remote sensing data, and combining with three-dimensional ink painting technology, displaying topographic features in equal proportion, and simulating information such as mountains, water bodies, roads and vegetation. DEM data accuracy is 30M. The accuracy of image data is 0.5M, and the accuracy of model matching is1mm.

2. Can only satellite data make a real sand table?

In addition to satellite data, we can also make small-scale, high-precision real-life sand table through oblique shooting and aerial photography.

3. The characteristics of real sand table.

1. The world's leading high-precision real-life sand table making technology;

Sand table showing the achievements of the Three North Shelterbelt Project

2. High precision, high reducibility and true color;

Sand table of road distribution in a city of Gansu Province

3. True restoration of the earth's surface topography, vegetation coverage, urban buildings, etc. ;

Sand table distribution in Gannan mining area, Gansu Province

4. Various labels and lines can be customized to meet the differentiated needs of customers;

5. Suitable for making large-area, large-format sand table models with complex information.

4. What are the application fields of real sand table?

1. Land and resources mapping: comprehensive improvement planning of land and resources, land mapping, planned land use and land use? Present situation investigation and land dynamic change monitoring, land cover information and analysis, land development and management;

2. Urban planning and construction: urban planning and construction and change monitoring, urban expansion monitoring and regional development;

3. Traffic construction: highway planning and management, waterway, waterway and railway line planning and display;

4. Sand table for reservoir distribution: Quickly make various types of high-precision sand tables for reservoir distribution, covering any country in the world. Need to add contour lines, commanding heights, water systems, roads, etc. ;

5. Exhibition hall: in museums, science and technology museums, exhibition halls, exhibition halls and enterprise halls, high-simulation sand table models of various historical scenes, restoration of ancient cultural relics and emerging scientific and technological products of nebula galaxies are designed and produced according to different needs;

6. Educational model: true-color three-dimensional model of topography sand table and common landforms in the world and China: geography teaching equipment such as Danxia, karst, coast and seabed;

7. Decorate sand table: enhance the layering of the office, and add relevant elements according to users' professional interests, such as road traffic, topography, vegetation coverage, mineral distribution, etc. It can better reflect the professionalism and cultural atmosphere of users.

Do you know how many kinds of sand tables are classified?

1. Sand table is divided into simple sand table and permanent sand table according to the production materials.

Simple sand table is made of sand and chess temporarily on the construction site. The order is: determine the horizontal and vertical scale of sand table, calculate the size of sand table, pile up landforms, and set up ground features and military intelligence. Among them, piled landforms are the main features. The method is as follows: select the lowest contour line and related geomorphic feature points, and transfer their positions from topographic map to sand surface, calculate the insertion height of the top, saddle and foot of the mountain according to the ordinate, and pile driving according to the topographic map.

Permanent sand table is generally made of foam plastic board or plywood, gypsum powder, pulp and other materials, and its method is basically the same as that of stacking simple sand table, but the plastic landform needs to be enlarged, with contour plates with lots and nails, plastic fillers and surface color.

2. According to the way of expression

Terrain sand table: Terrain model is a miniature entity that represents landform features. Mountains, water, roads and other things are all reflected in the model, mainly terrain data, which allows people to understand macro things from a micro perspective. Terrain model has a wide range of applications, and its main industries are: government, transportation, water conservancy, electric power, public security command, land and resources, tourism, people's armed forces, military and so on.

Architectural sand table: architectural models express architectural art in the form of micro-entities. Whether it is a single shape or a combination of groups, it faithfully expresses the structure of architectural thought and transforms the architect's intention into a concrete image.

Electronic sand table: Electronic sand table can dynamically find the geographic information of each point in real time through real 3D geographic information data and advanced geographic information technology. Such as three-dimensional coordinates, height, slope, rivers, roads, various artificial projects and facilities, long-term planning and other information. Through the advanced 3D simulation function, intelligent analysis such as 3D single-point flight, path flight, flight around points, engineering facilities query, economic benefit analysis and so on can be carried out in real time on the computer. It is suitable for the location selection of mobile communication and the planning and construction of large-scale water conservancy facilities and other units closely related to geography and topography.

3D interactive virtual real estate

The 3D interactive virtual building, a building model placed in the computer, is a real estate pre-sale tool that can upgrade and replace building models and model houses. It uses the design drawings and material data provided by real estate developers to accurately simulate the proposed building 1: 1 on the computer, and partially render the super-large scene to create a shocking audio-visual effect and improve the on-site sales performance. Customers can enter the virtual real estate in the sales department or on the website, just like playing games. They can walk around the virtual real estate and soar in the sky. They can enter their favorite rooms to check the decoration effect, and they can also understand the surrounding environment, traffic location, development company strength, mortgage calculation amount and so on. The system can automatically generate three-dimensional animation for playing and making TV advertisements in the sales department.