Volcano and Heritage Tourism

Volcano is a highland formed by the accumulation of high-temperature substances ejected from the earth's crust, so it is also called accumulation mountain in geography. Typical volcanoes are generally characterized by conical isolated peaks with depressions at the top, but they can have different shapes because of the different properties of ejected substances.

The volcanoes listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO World Heritage Committee include Kamchatka Volcano (Russia), Isoljoli Volcano (Iolia Islands) [Isoljoli Volcano (Iolia Islands)] (Italy), Ted National Park (Spain), Jeju Volcano Island and Lava Tube Volcano (Korea), hawaii volcanoes national park, Hawaii (USA) and Sangai National Park (Ecuador).

I. Volcanoes in kamchatka peninsula

(A) the characteristics of the heritage

Kamchatka volcano is located in the far east of Russia, with geographical coordinates of 5619 ′ 60 ″ north latitude and 0/58 30 ′ 00 ″ east longitude, covering an area of 3,830,200 hectares. This is one of the most famous volcanic areas in the world, with high density of active volcanoes, various types and unique features. Most volcanic landforms in kamchatka peninsula include six sites in the series name group. The interaction between active volcano and glacier constitutes a beautiful and spectacular dynamic landscape. In addition, the animal and plant resources here are also extremely rich.

(2) Heritage tourism

The nature reserve is located in the most remote place in the Russian Far East, and it is a typical representative of volcanic areas. Kamchatka peninsula is one of the most active places of volcanic activity in the world, and the wonders of kamchatka peninsula-mainly volcanoes, followed by fountains. Watching volcanoes by helicopter is a tourist project that has emerged in recent years. Because kamchatka peninsula is almost surrounded by the sea, the climate is humid and cool, so the vegetation is lush. The development of human beings here is not very strong, which makes the virgin forest basically retain its original appearance. With high forest coverage, sparsely populated and criss-crossing rivers, it attracts more and more tourists with its unique wonders.

Thousands of people come here for sightseeing every year. The major cities in kamchatka peninsula can be reached by plane or ship. There are many forms of tourism in kamchatka peninsula, including helicopter tours on the peninsula; Mountain hiking route, watching seals in Awacha Bay, extreme sports soaking in hot springs, and visiting natural and historical sites; Climbing volcanoes and drifting rivers; Hunting and fishing, etc. There are alpine skiing and helicopter downhill from the volcano in winter. A series of natural parks and nature reserves in kamchatka peninsula have left an indelible impression on people who come here.

1996, Kamchatka volcano was listed on the World Heritage List by the United Nations World Heritage Committee as a natural heritage, and it was expanded in 200 1 year.

2. Ethel Jolly (Ioli Islands)

(A) the characteristics of the heritage

The Italian Eoli Islands is located in tyrrhenian sea, with geographical coordinates of 38 29'16 "north latitude, 0/4 56' 44" east longitude and an area of 12 16 hectares. Eoli Islands provide an outstanding record of the construction, destruction and ongoing volcanic phenomena of a volcanic island. The results show that these islands have provided volcanology with two types of eruptions (volcanic eruption and Stromboli eruption) since at least18th century.

(2) Heritage tourism

Eoli Islands is less than 40km away from the northern coastline of Sicily, including 7 large islands (Lipari, Vulcano, Salina, Stromboli, Filicudi, Alicudi and Panarea) and 5 small islands (Brazil Luzo, Datiro, Neira, Bottaro and Bianca) near Panarea.

Eoli islands belong to Sicilian plate, but they are not separated from the plate, but islands formed by the cooling of hot magma erupted by submarine volcanoes. Archaeologists confirmed through textual research that life existed in Eoli Islands as early as the Neolithic Age.

Eoli islands are of great scientific research value for the origin of life on earth, geological structure and volcanic eruption. As early as18th century, people began to study the volcanic island of Eoli. For more than 200 years, Eoli volcano group has become a very representative and typical example in volcanology and geology textbooks. At the same time, this place has attracted the attention of many geologists and many tourists go sightseeing.

In 2000, Isole Jolie (Eoli Islands) [(Isole Olie (Aeolian Islands)] was listed as a natural heritage by UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

Third, Jeju volcanic island and lava tube.

(A) the characteristics of the heritage

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Cave are located in Jeju Island, South Korea, with geographical coordinates of 33 28' 08 "north latitude and 65 438+026 43' 65 438+03" east longitude, with a core area of 9475.20 hectares and a buffer area of 9370.80 hectares. Jeju volcanic island and lava caves include "Halla Mountain Nature Reserve", "Chengshan Sunrise Peak" and "Rejecting Wen Yue Lava Cave System". Jeju Island is a typical volcanic island. The center of the island is Halla Mountain, with an altitude of 65,438+0,950 meters, which is the highest mountain in Korea. There is a crater formed by volcanic eruption about 25,000 years ago on the top of the mountain, surrounded by more than 360 small volcanic cones formed by volcanic eruption (Kim, 2008). In addition, Jeju Island has more than 120 lava caves (Kim, 2008). The history of Jeju volcanic island can be traced back to 6.5438+200,000 years, which is characterized by basaltic lava flows. Jeju Island with maritime climate is known as "Hawaii of Korea". Halla Mountain is famous for waterfalls, rocks of various shapes and crater lake. Jeju volcanic island and lava cave are not only beautiful, but also witness the development and evolution of the earth.

1966 Hannah Mountain Nature Reserve was designated as 182 Nature Reserve by the government, and 1970 was designated as a national park. Chengshan Sunrise Peak is located at the eastern end of Jeju Island, which was formed by submarine volcanic eruption. The Manjiang Gul Cave is 7420 meters long, with a maximum of 30 meters and a maximum width of 23 meters. It is the largest and most spectacular cave in the lava cave system in Wen Yue.

(2) Heritage tourism

With its unique natural landscape and the beauty of traditional culture, this island attracts tourists from all over the world with its numerous hills, coasts, waterfalls, cliffs and lava. Jeju Island is the largest island in Korea, with beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery. It has the reputation of "Hawaii of Korea" and "Honeymoon Island", attracting thousands of tourists from home and abroad.

Jeju Island Tourism Bureau first increased the publicity of Jeju Island tourism through TV stations, radio stations and travel agencies in Japan and China, and set up Jeju Island agencies in many countries to plan Jeju Island tourism publicity in a unified way, and invited journalists from various countries to cover Jeju Island. Jeju Island also provides financial support and head rewards to travel agencies that successfully attract tourists to Jeju Island. Jeju International Airport has international flights to China, Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka.

Of course, the internationalization of Jeju Island also needs government policy support. As early as 200 1 and 12, the South Korean National Assembly passed the amendment to the Jeju Island Development Special Law, which expanded the scope of visa-free entry countries and designated the area centered on Jeju Airport and Jeju Port as a "tariff-free" free trade zone. The whole Jeju Island has become a "visa-free" and "tariff-free" area. Jeju implements visa-free policy for Chinese mainland residents. For a long time, Jeju Island has become the first choice for honeymoon travel because of its beautiful natural environment. Now, a world-class international conference center has been built here, with beautiful environment and complete facilities, which is the best place to hold international conferences. Jeju Island is an island with a very developed tourism industry. Here, you can not only get in touch with nature, but also enjoy all kinds of high-grade leisure sports and entertainment facilities.

In 2007, Jeju volcanic island and lava tube were listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO World Heritage Committee as natural heritage.

4. hawaii volcanoes national park, Hawaii, Hawaii.

(A) the characteristics of the heritage

Hawaii volcanoes national park, Hawaii is located in Hawaii, USA, with geographical coordinates of19 24 ′ 03 ″ north latitude and155 07 ′ 25 ″ west longitude, covering an area of 92,934 hectares. This area contains two of the most active volcanoes in the world: Mauna Loa (465,438+070 meters high) and Kilauea (65,438+0,250 meters high), which are like two towers standing in the Pacific Ocean. Volcanic eruption has formed a changing landscape, and lava flow presents a strange geological stratum. Rare birds, endemic species and large ferns have also been found here.

(2) Heritage tourism

Hawaii volcanoes national park, Hawaii was founded in 19 16. In recent years, an average of about 2.5 million people visit it every year. The big island of Hawaii has been expanding due to the continuous activity of active volcanoes. Two volcanoes in hawaii volcanoes national park, Hawaii: Mauna Loa and Kilauea, have long been shocked by their strange smoke and lava.

There is a Kilauea Visitor Center in the park, which shows the historical process of the Hawaiian Islands, and you can also watch a live documentary about the volcanic eruption. From the film, we can see the scenes of rock cracking, magma spewing and diarrhea everywhere after the volcanic eruption, which is really shocking and amazing. The park receives tourists from all directions every year with complete facilities. In the spacious visitor center, there are exhibitions and movies, as well as a large number of documents and materials. The center also provides specialized tour guide services. The park provides various facilities, information display and many hiking routes, so that visitors can learn more about volcanoes and experience them at close range. Thomas. The Jagger Museum is named after the scientist Thomas Jagger. Thomas Jagger was the first scientist to study Kilauea volcano. In this museum, you can watch the geological display of volcanic research, including maps, pictures and movies.

Visitors can visit the crater at the volcano observatory, where the remains of molten magma can be seen everywhere to witness the changes of the world. Visitors can also visit the edge of Kilauea volcano or walk all the way to the seaside. The colorful scenery is amazing, and the walking paths extend in all directions. Volcano park is simply a miracle of nature, unparalleled magnificence. In this most popular scenic spot in Hawaii, you can not only witness the most primitive creation and destruction on earth, but also visit the sacred places of Hawaiian aborigines.

From 65438 to 0987, hawaii volcanoes national park was listed as a natural heritage in the World Heritage List by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

5. Kilimanjaro National Park

(A) the characteristics of the heritage

Kilimanjaro National Park is located in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Africa, with geographical coordinates of 3 04 ′ 00 ″ south latitude and 37 22 ′ 00 ″ east longitude, covering an area of 75,575 hectares. Kilimanjaro is 5895 meters high, which is the highest point in Africa. It is a fire dome, proudly standing on the surrounding plains, and the top of the snow all year round looms on the grassland. Kilimanjaro is surrounded by mountains, and there are many mammals, some of which are endangered species.

(2) Heritage tourism

Kilimanjaro is called "the roof of Africa", and many geographers like to call it "the king of Africa". It is confusing and unpredictable, and has always been a good place for tourists to explore and explore.

In Tanzania, climbing Kilimanjaro is the most wonderful experience for most tourists. Hiking and mountain climbing have become a popular choice. The expedition made full use of many routes and peaks in Tanzania. The tropical rain forest here is home to many different kinds of animals, including bison, leopards and monkeys. Another reason that attracts people from all over the world to climb Kilimanjaro is that you only need to walk all the way to the top without any climbing ropes or climbing skills. 199 1 Kilimanjaro national park management agency decided that all climbers' trips must be assisted and arranged by local licensed mountaineering agents. All climbers must be accompanied by guides and backpackers to complete the climbing journey. Kilimanjaro is extremely sacred in Tanzanian hearts, and they worship Kilimanjaro as a god. Many tribes hold traditional sacrificial activities at the foot of the mountain every year to worship the mountain gods and pray for peace. They regard themselves as people under the "grassland sail" and will never allow outsiders to have any disrespect for the snow-capped mountains.

65438-0987 Kilimanjaro National Park, as a natural heritage, was listed on the World Heritage List by the United Nations World Heritage Committee.