Understanding of Tourism System Theory

1. Theoretical understanding of tourism system

With the rapid development of tourism economy, tourism management specialty has gradually developed. Tourism management major is a two disciplines in the Department of Business Administration. Although it is not as extensive as other science majors, it is more refined than other majors.

It is a comprehensive major in tourism, management and culture. Tourism management major is divided into two aspects: the direction of tour guide and international tour leader and the direction of hotel. The training goal of tourism management major is to cultivate applied and extroverted talents who meet the needs of socialist market economy construction and tourism economic development, have good professional ethics and basic qualities of modern tourism and enterprise managers, and have excellent professional skills in tourism management.

2. Tourism cognition

The main functions of tourism:

1. Economic function: As a comprehensive industry, the development of tourism is conducive to alleviating employment problems, promoting the development of other industries, promoting regional economic development, accelerating the infrastructure construction of tourist destinations, and improving the lives of local residents.

2. Ecological function: Tourism is called smokeless industry, which shows that tourism is an industry with relatively low environmental cost and relatively high efficiency in slowing down output.

3. Cultural function: In tourism, different cultures can communicate and merge, sparks of wisdom collide in communication, and the essence of different cultures is extracted in integration.

4. Communication function: it can be broadly understood as informal non-governmental communication, which is characterized by comprehensiveness, continuity and depth.

5. Leisure function: In modern society, with the accelerated pace of life and work, people have been at a loss in their work, life and social relations for a long time. In order to eliminate tension, they will naturally seek solutions, and tourism is one of the ways to achieve this goal.

Tourism enterprises should focus on the long-term and strengthen the awareness of building a brand of high-quality tourism services. Relevant departments should strengthen guidance and speed up the cultivation of a number of brand tourism enterprises and brand tourism destinations.

Recently, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Supervision and Improvement of Tourism Service Quality" to make arrangements for strengthening the supervision and improvement of tourism service quality during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. Twenty-nine specific tasks are put forward from six aspects, and it is clear that a tourist-centered tourism service quality evaluation system will be established to promote the continuous improvement of service quality awareness and management level in the tourism industry.

Service quality is the inherent attribute of tourism as a modern service industry, the core competitiveness of enterprises, and an important indicator to measure the development level of the industry. In recent years, the quality of tourism services in China has been continuously improved. During the May Day holiday this year, the number of domestic tourists reached 230 million, a year-on-year increase of 1 19.7%, and the tourist satisfaction rate reached 84.8.

At the same time, we should also see that there is still a certain gap in the quality of China, and the demand for tourism services and people's tourism consumption in the United States is on the rise. In some scenic spots, the awareness of tourism service quality is not strong and the management level is low, which affects people's tourism experience; Some tourism enterprises are used to making quick money, and their brand awareness and word-of-mouth awareness need to be strengthened; Tourism infrastructure needs to be further improved, and the means of supervision should be constantly upgraded with the pace of new technologies.

Tourism is to improve people's satisfaction with the quality of tourism services. To improve the quality of tourism service, we should focus on implementing the main responsibility of tourism service quality. In this process, we should do a good job in cultivating enterprise quality culture, improving quality management level, promoting enterprise service innovation and improving tourism service quality guarantee. At the same time, it is necessary to give full play to the role of industry organizations and better mobilize the enthusiasm of market players such as A-level tourist attractions, star-rated hotels, travel agencies and online tour operators. Really improve the quality of tourism services as an important starting point to enhance market competitiveness.

Improving the quality of tourism service is a long-term work. For tourism enterprises, it is necessary to focus on the long-term and strengthen the awareness of building a high-quality tourism service brand. Relevant departments should strengthen guidance, implement brand development strategy based on service quality, and accelerate the cultivation of a number of brand tourism enterprises and brand tourism destinations. Only in this way can we give full play to the leading role of brands in the high-quality development of tourism, promote the formation of tourism consumption consciousness with high quality and good price, and enhance the popularity and reputation of China tourism service brands.

Scientific supervision system is an important guarantee for tourism services. It is necessary to pay attention to the supervision of the whole life cycle of market players and the whole process after the event. For example, carry out quality monitoring and evaluation, explore the establishment of tourism service quality verification system, and give full play to the basic role of tourism service standards, tourism service quality monitoring and evaluation, and tourism service quality verification in improving tourism service quality; Accelerate the construction of tourism credit system, constantly improve the tourism market credit supervision system and credit commitment system, promote credit classification supervision, and strengthen the management of untrustworthy list. Accelerate the construction of a new supervision mechanism based on credit, improve the level of supervision, and promote the comprehensive and sustained improvement of tourism service level.

There is no end to improving the quality of tourism services. At present, improving the quality of tourism service is to promote the structural reform of tourism supply side, promote the upgrading of tourism consumption and meet the multi-level tourism consumption needs of the people. On the one hand, we cannot relax the supervision of service quality and lay a solid foundation for development. On the other hand, we must unswervingly promote quality services, improve quality standards, lead and create more new demands with the supply of quality tourism services, and let tourists have more sense of gain, happiness and security.

3. Theory of tourism system structure

Tourism cultural attribute

Logically speaking, since tourism itself is cultural, tourism resources as tourism objects and tourism products as tourism consumption objects must also have cultural attributes. However, this logical conclusion does not seem convincing. Therefore, we also try to further analyze its culture and performance from the characteristics of tourism resources and tourism products.

As we know, the most commonly used classification in tourism science is to divide tourism resources into humanistic tourism resources and natural tourism resources according to their causes and attributes. However, whether human resources or natural resources can become tourism resources and people, the most fundamental reason is that American tourism can enable tourists to enjoy knowledge and beauty, so as to enjoy and have fun in spirit, which is a concrete manifestation of the cultural attributes of tourism resources. For example, mountains and rivers give people a magnificent feeling, rivers, lakes and seas give people a unrestrained feeling, forests and grasslands give people a rich and quiet feeling, botanical gardens, zoos and science and technology museums reveal the mysteries of nature, museums and cultural relics provide people with educational or scientific research materials, and so on. It can be said that nothing without cultural connotation can become a tourist resource, and no resource in human society has such remarkable cultural attributes as tourist resources.

Of course, different tourists may have different feelings about the connotation of tourism culture, which depends on two reasons: first, the cultural depth and richness of each specific tourism resource are different; Second, every specific tourist will have different understanding of cultural connotation because of his education level, life experience, cultural quality and occupation. Because of this, the cultural expression, cultural influence and cultural relationship of tourism activities have different characteristics:

1. The influence of the host culture on the tourist source culture will show different degrees with different tourists, and even there will be significant differences in positive and negative effects;

2. Even tourists with the same cultural background will have different cultural influences on the host society due to their own differences, including differences in positive and negative influences;

3. The communication and integration between the mainstream culture and the source culture is subject to cultural differences.

4. The main contents of host culture include resource culture (especially humanistic tourism resources), regional traditional culture and modern spiritual civilization. * * * has a comprehensive cultural impact on foreign tourists.

4. Theory of regional tourism system

(A) Ancient tourism

In primitive society, human migration is for the purpose of making a living, or because of natural reasons, people are forced to leave their usual place of residence and settle in a new place (such a struggle for help).

The conscious travel activities of human beings originated from the end of primitive society. It came into being with the rise of commercial activities. With the production and demand of goods, the geographical area of exchange in other regions is expanding, and people need to know that there is a demand for traveling and doing business or going out to exchange products in other regions. This kind of travel developed rapidly in slave society.

During this period, various non-economic tourism activities were carried out one after another, such as the parade of emperors and generals, the roaming of literati, the study of aristocratic children, the pilgrimage of religious believers, scientific investigation and so on. However, due to the small number of participants, it has no universal social significance.

5. Understanding of the Introduction to Tourism

: The Golden Guidance was published by Tsinghua University Publishing House.

6. Theoretical model of tourism system

The research of spatio-temporal data model based on tourism management is an important content of artificial intelligence, modeling technology and information processing technology, modeling and intelligent information technology to process tourism information. On the basis of these theories and technologies, collecting, analyzing and mining tourism management data can effectively help holiday tourism practice and spatial analysis mode, classify holiday tourism information, and establish holiday tourism spatio-temporal data model on this basis, which has important value. Based on the current situation of spatio-temporal data and the unique characteristics of tourism, this paper expounds several spatio-temporal modeling methods commonly used in the battlefield at present, and establishes the spatio-temporal data model of tourism by using object-oriented method. China has a vast territory and is rich in natural and historical tourism resources. After the reform and opening up, the living standards of China residents have been greatly improved, and people began to enjoy life in different tourist destinations during their holidays. For this reason, the US Tourism Office in China attaches great importance to tourism and takes various measures to collect a large amount of tourism data and information from the society every year. However, this information is usually only used for simple statistics and inquiries, and the knowledge contained in this information has not been fully utilized and discovered, resulting in a waste of resources. To change this situation, we must strengthen the management of tourism information and improve management technology. Spatio-temporal data model mainly abstracts the objective world on the basis of conceptual method, and includes geometric data and semantic data model on the basis of a set of dynamic characteristics of the current trunk connection and entity set. The function of set data model is mainly to describe spatial entities, including the relationship between set and space such as phenomena and tenses. Semantic model describes spatial entities and reality.

Wait a minute. The world represented by spatio-temporal data is different from the logical unit of computer database, so the methods of abstraction, generalization and approximation should be adopted when modeling spatio-temporal data. I. Spatio-temporal data (I) Spatio-temporal data abstraction and instability characteristics Spatio-temporal data abstraction expresses the time and process of the real world. It has the complexity and fuzziness of the real world, but human's expressive ability is limited, which leads to the relative correctness, consistency and integrity of spatial data expressing the degree of mutual unity of world space, attributes and time. There are many missing values in spatio-temporal data, which are all due to some irresistible external force, resulting in data unavailability or loss. (2) Scale of spatio-temporal data The scale feature of spatio-temporal data is that it follows corresponding laws at different observation levels, and also reflects the differences of various laws. Using this property, we can study the generalization and refinement characteristics of spatio-temporal information. Spatio-temporal data are based on multi-scale characteristics, and express and reflect the spatial phenomena of the earth and entities in different scale forms, ranges and details. The smaller the scale, the finer the expression of realistic goals; The bigger the scale, the more Macs there are.

7. The content of tourism system theory

Professional skills for students majoring in tourism management: (1) Basic knowledge of tourism services and professional ethics, and familiarity with relevant laws and regulations; Strong sense of service, polite hospitality, honesty and trustworthiness, hard work. (two) to understand the service process and language of the main positions in the tourism service department, and to provide corresponding reception services. (3) Having the service skills of main posts and strong adaptability; Have the ability to communicate with guests in foreign languages in service positions. (four) have the knowledge and ability to use, maintain and maintain infrastructure equipment, and be able to skillfully use computer network technology for business communication and standardized services. (5) Have a sense of teamwork and the ability to coordinate interpersonal relationships; Have the ability to continue learning, apply new technologies and adapt to career changes; Have the ability of self-innovation and entrepreneurship. (six) to obtain two (or more than two) professional qualification certificates related to this major. Documents to be obtained: (1) tourist guide card; (2) Other certificates depend on your own and the requirements of the school, such as CET-4 and CET-6, computer level 2, Putonghua level 2, and tourist guide card.

Information: Tourism management major is a new discipline established with the development of tourism economy and tourism in China and the United States. In China, although this discipline was born only 20 years ago, it has become an important discipline department in the management discipline system. Tourism management has been juxtaposed with business administration, and it is a first-class discipline of management. This major trains front-line service and management professionals who meet the needs of tourism enterprises and institutions under the new situation. With professional knowledge of tourism management, good ideological and moral quality and comprehensive quality, strong comprehensive business ability and development foundation, senior professionals who can engage in tourism management in tourism administrative departments at all levels and tourism enterprises and institutions.