Western European tourism information

Overview:

Interpretation of country name: The country name comes from the name of Schwier. "Schwiertz" means "burning" in old German. Today, Schwier was once a forest, and people began to live after burning.

Nickname: Watch Kingdom.

National anthem: Swiss poetry.

National flower: Leontopodium alpinum.

Area: 4 1293 km2. Population: 6.936 million (1992).

Ethnic composition: Germanic Swiss account for more than 80% of the total population, while others are French and Italian.

Religion: The residents mainly believe in Catholicism and Protestantism.

Language: German, French, Italian and Latin are all official languages.

Capital: Bern. Major cities: Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Lausanne.

Currency: Swiss franc.

History:

In the 3rd century AD, aleman and Burgundy of Germanic nationalities moved in. 1 1 century was ruled by the Holy Roman Empire. 129 1 year, Schwier and other states opposed foreign rule and formed an alliance, which became the beginning of Swiss confederation. 1648 broke away from the rule of the holy Roman empire and declared independence. The first constitution was promulgated in 18 15, and each state has independent sovereignty. Vienna Conference confirmed it as a permanent neutral country. 1848 established a federal state. We remained neutral in both world wars.

Geography:

Mountainous landlocked countries in Central and Western Europe. The central and southern Alps account for about 3/5 of the country, with an altitude of 3000 ~ 4000 meters; The northwest is the Jura Mountains; The central part is the plateau. There are more than 20 peaks above 4000 meters above sea level in China, and the highest peak is dufour Peak at 4634 meters above sea level. The mountains are covered with snow all year round and there are many glaciers. There are many rivers and lakes, such as the Rhine River and the Rhone River, with fast-flowing water and abundant water resources. Lakes include Lake Le Mans (Lake Geneva), Lake Boden and Lake Zurich. It is a mountainous climate with cold mountains and mild valleys.

Economy:

Agricultural output value accounts for about 4% of GDP, and agricultural employment accounts for about 6.6% of total employment in China. For a long time, the Swiss government has attached great importance to the development of agricultural production.

Industry is the main body of Swiss national economy, and its industrial output value accounts for about 50% of GDP. Switzerland's main industrial sectors include: watches, machinery, chemistry, food and other departments. Switzerland is called "the kingdom of clocks and watches". Since 1587, Geneva has been producing watches for more than 400 years, and has always maintained a leading position in the world watch industry. In recent years, the export volume of Swiss watches and clocks has greatly increased. Machinery manufacturing mainly produces textile machinery and power generation equipment. Machine tools, precision instruments, meters, transportation machinery, agricultural machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery and printing machinery are also very important. In recent years, the production of typewriters, computers, cameras and movie cameras has developed very rapidly.

Customs:

Attractions: Le Mans Lake, Ancient City of Bern, Lake Lucerne and Glacier Park.

Festival: National Day: August1; Geneva Landing Festival: 65438+February 1 1.

French Republic (French Republic)

Overview:

National anthem: La Marseillaise.

National flowers: iris and rose.

Area: 550,000 square kilometers.

Population: about 60.9 million.

Religion: Most residents believe in Catholicism, while a few believe in Christianity, Orthodox Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

Language: French is the official language.

Capital: Paris.

Major cities: Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Bordeaux, Campel.

Currency: French franc.

History:

Around the 7th century BC, Gauls settled in the world. BC 1 century was occupied by the Romans and ruled for more than five centuries. In the 5th century, the Franks conquered Gaul and established the Frankish Kingdom. From 768 to 8 14, when Charlemagne ruled Caroline, its territory expanded to most parts of western Europe today. In 843 AD, Charles Empire was divided into three kingdoms, of which the West Frankish Kingdom was equivalent to the scope of France today. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, it was renamed the Kingdom of France, forming a centralized country. The Hundred Years' War between Britain and France broke out in 1337. /kloc-In the late 7th century, France ruled Europe under Louis XIV. 1789, 14 In July, the bourgeois revolution broke out, the monarchy was abolished, and 1792 the First Republic of France was established.

Geography:

Western European countries. The area is 55 1062 square kilometers. The south and west are adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, with a coastline of more than 3,000 kilometers. The terrain is dominated by plains and hills. There are Pyrenees, Central Plateau, Alps, Juro Mountain and Vosges Mountain in the south and east. Mont Blanc, the main peak of the Alps, is located on the border between France and Italy, with an altitude of 4807 meters. There are Parisian basin, Lower Loire Plain, Amauri hills and aquitaine basin in the west. The important rivers are Loire, Seine, Rhone and Garonne. Among them, the Thorne-Rhone Valley is a natural traffic corridor extending from north to south.

Economy:

One of the developed countries in the world. Minerals such as iron, potassium salt, medium and bauxite are more important. Nuclear energy, automobiles, arms, cosmetics and service industries rank among the top in the world. Agriculture is dominated by animal husbandry, combined with farming and animal husbandry and diversified management, making it the second largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. The output of wheat, corn, wine, beet, horse's bell, meat, milk, vegetables and fruits ranks in the forefront of the world or western Europe, and the tourism industry is developed.

Customs:

Being polite to women is a tradition that the French are proud of. It is recognized that people express their feelings by kissing. Relatives and colleagues reunited after a long separation stick their faces or cheeks, elders kiss their foreheads, and lovers kiss.

Attractions: Versailles Palace, Louvre, Notre Dame de Paris, Arc de Triomphe, Eiffel Tower, Pompidou Cultural Center, Loire Valley Castle Group, Marseille Port.

Festival: National Day is July 14.

Federal Republic of Germany.

Overview:

Interpretation of country name: "Germany" means "people's country" in German.

National anthem: the song of Germany.

National flower: cornflower. National Tree: Aichi Oak. National bird: white stork.

Area: 356,545 square kilometers. Population: 80.553 million (1992).

Ethnic composition: Germans account for more than 90% of the total population, and there are a few Danes, Dutch, Jews, Gypsies, etc.

Religion: Most residents believe in Christianity, Protestantism and Catholicism, and a few people believe in Islam and Judaism.

Language: German is the official language.

Capital: Berlin (Bonn is the seat of the government).

Major cities: Hamburg, Munich, Bonn, Frankfurt.

Currency: Deutsche Mark.

History:

In 10 century BC, Teutonic people, a branch of Germanic people, lived in the territory. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0 th century, the early feudal state of Germany was formed, and then the holy Roman Empire of the German nation was established. /kloc-after the middle of the 0/3rd century, the central government declined and feudal signs appeared. 1848 bourgeois revolution broke out. 187 1 year, Prussia won the Franco-Prussian War, established the German Empire and achieved German reunification. 194 1 launched World War I, 19 18 Empire collapsed. Weimar Republic was founded in 19 19. 1933 Hitler came to power, 1939 launched the second world war, 1945 was defeated. Congress was occupied by the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union, and formed the Allied Control Committee to take over the supreme power of Germany. 1949, the German status was established in the occupied areas of the United States, Britain and France, and the occupied areas of the Soviet Union were established.