Comment on the East Gate of Jingzhou Ancient City Wall

Jingzhou City Wall is located in Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. The existing wall rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties is 3.75km long from east to west, 1.2km wide from north to south, with an area of 4.5km2, a perimeter of 10.28km and a height of 9 m.. The city wall has eight doors and two gatehouses. Jingzhou ancient city is divided into three layers, with Shuicheng outside, brick city in the middle and Tucheng inside. The water city (moat) is 10500m long, 30m wide and 4m deep. Taihu Lake in the west, Lianchang Lake in the east and the ancient canal. In the Ming dynasty, in order to prevent the city foundation from sinking and flooding, glutinous rice slurry was poured into the crack in the right foot of the city, so the city wall was particularly strong. Jingzhou city wall is equipped with a urn, an enemy tower, a war house, a battery, a hidden soldier cave and a compound door. The defense system is complete, and it has always been easy to defend but difficult to attack, so it is called "Iron Jingzhou".

Jingzhou ancient city wall is located in:

Jingzhou Ancient City, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 1996 is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Jingzhou City Wall is one of the four most intact ancient city walls in China, and it is also the most intact southern city wall. Compared with other ancient city walls, the biggest feature of Jingzhou ancient city wall is its large scale and relatively complete preservation, with a circumference of 1655, which is known as "a rare perfect city wall in the south of China".

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This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data.

Now most of the city walls are blocked.

Jingzhou city, also known as Jiangling city.

It is one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council 1982 and 1996.

Jingzhou Ancient City Wall has also been announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the State of Chu built the capital in Jinan, five kilometers north of the city, which lasted 4 1 1 year, leaving a rich historical and cultural heritage.

According to the Records of Geography of the Later Han Dynasty, the construction history of Jingzhou ancient city wall can be traced back to the Zhou Liwang period more than 2,800 years ago. Verified by the latest archaeological excavation of the ancient city wall, Jingzhou ancient city wall is the only ancient city wall with the longest duration and the most dynasties in China, which evolved from Tucheng.

1In March, 998, archaeologists excavated brick cities in the Song Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Tucheng in Jin and Three Kingdoms Period. The discovery of five generations of brick cities piled up under the existing 10 meter wall made the architectural history of Jingzhou brick city start from the general recognition of the Ming Dynasty and date back to more than 400 years ago. Archaeological excavations have also confirmed that the ancient wall of Jingzhou has not changed much since the Three Kingdoms period, and the displacement distance is only about 50 meters. The earth wall is much earlier than the brick wall. In August, 2000, archaeologists discovered a lime glutinous rice slurry wall rammed during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty in the west of Xiaobeimen, Jingzhou City, which was nearly 20 meters long. Although this section of the city wall has gone through more than 500 years, it is still rock-solid and rare in the world.

The brick city preserved now was built in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Brick city is tall and straight, complete and strong, and it is the best preserved ancient city wall in China. The brick city is about 1 m thick, the inner wall of the city wall is rammed with soil, and the lower part is about 9 meters wide. This wall is made of strip stones and city bricks. The brick city is 9 meters high and its perimeter is 1 128 1 meter. Brick walls are made of special blue bricks and lime glutinous rice slurry. Specially made big blue bricks, each weighing about 4 kilograms, and some are also burned with words.

Edit the historical evolution of this paragraph.

According to the Records of the Geography of the Later Han Dynasty, the construction of the ancient city wall in Jingzhou began more than 2,600 years ago in Zhou Liwang. Verified by the latest archaeological excavation of the ancient city wall, Jingzhou ancient city wall is the only ancient city wall with the longest duration and the most dynasties in China, which evolved from Tucheng. According to archaeological discoveries and literature records, the construction of Jingzhou city wall can be roughly divided into the following development stages.

From the Three Kingdoms to the Western Jin Dynasty

"Jingzhou Prefecture Governing the City" records: "Today's city, the official land of Chu ships, the palace of Zhu in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Qin Dynasty has established Nanjun. Because of the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms belonged to the ancient city of Shu and Han at the beginning, which was built by Guan, and attacked Cao Ren in the north and attacked it. " "Notes on Water Classics" says: "The name of the county is Jiangling. The old city was built by Guan Yu. " There is also a record in A Wide Record of the Land: "The old city is in the southeast of the county, with Zhu Gong. This county was built by Wen. " The old city should be a city built by Guan Yu, located in the southeast of the old city, the old city, the old city in Qin and Han Dynasties, and the northwest of the city.

From September 1997 to March 1998, the archaeologists in Jingzhou City and Jingzhou District conducted archaeological excavations at the eastern end of the south wall of Jingzhou City (west of Wangjianglou) to cooperate with the maintenance project. A section with a length of 19.2 m, a width of 5 m and a depth of 9.5 m was excavated horizontally for archaeological exploration.

Spectacular Atlas of Jingzhou Ancient City Wall (4 pieces)

Check the trenches.

Through stratigraphic anatomy, it is found that this brick wall exposed outside the city wall was built in the early Ming Dynasty. The earth wall in the ditch is 1 1.3 meters long from north to south, which is the earth wall in Song Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The residual height of the earth wall in the Song Dynasty is 3.75 meters, and the earth wall in the Ming Dynasty was built on the earth wall in the Song Dynasty, with a residual height of 4.5 meters. Between the earthen wall in the Song Dynasty and the brick wall in the early Ming Dynasty, there is a relic of the broken brick wall in the Song Dynasty with a width of 0.6-0.8 meters and a height of 7.3 meters. In the middle of the ditch, there is a five-generation wall to the north of the earth wall in Song and early Ming Dynasty, and its top is basically the same as the earth wall in early Ming Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, there were both brick walls and earth walls. The lower part of the Five Dynasties brick wall is made of well-preserved thin blue bricks. These blue bricks have different specifications, such as rectangular bricks with rope patterns and wedge-shaped bricks, which are obviously tomb bricks with a residual height of 65,438+0.1.0 meters. The upper part of the five-generation brick wall is compacted with mixed bricks and soil, and the remaining height is 4.9 meters. The upper part of the earthen mechanical wall on which the brick walls of the Five Dynasties were built was the Five Dynasties, with a residual height of about 6 meters, and the lower part was the Tang Dynasty, with a residual height of about 65 meters. The earthen city wall of the Three Kingdoms period was found under the earthen city wall of the Tang Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, the surface of the Tucheng wall in Jingzhou was 8.25 meters, which was close to 3.05 meters below the ground. Its construction soil is gray-black clay and yellow-brown sandy soil, and the excavation thickness of the cultural layer is 0.8-1.25m. The construction method of the city wall has the characteristics of the Three Kingdoms period: rammed layer by layer, rammed layer thick, rammed nest round, 7-8cm in diameter and 0.5cm in depth. At the same time, a number of typical cultural relics from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period were unearthed. Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou for ten years. "It is the general policy of governors and county chiefs to rule battlements first" (Jiangling County Records). In order to defend Sun Wu in the east and Cao Cao in the north, building and renovating Jingzhou city wall is the primary task of military equipment.

Eastern Jin Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasties

"Jiangling County Records" said: "In the first year of Jin Yonghe (AD 345), Huan Wen was the secretariat of Jingzhou in Xiakou Town, and returned to Jiangling in eight years, starting from Daying City". Archaeological data confirmed that the rammed earth city walls from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties were 1.6- 1.7 meters high and 6.5 meters wide, which were superimposed under the five dynasties city walls, confirming the authenticity of the literature records. Huan Wen's camp actually integrated the old city with the city built by Guan Yu, but it didn't simply connect the old city before Guan Yu with the city built by Guan Yu. These two cities are scattered in the east and west. When Huan Wen is building, it is bound to be repaired, that is, the so-called historical records on the plane are "added", and the "added" on the facade is to heighten and thicken the city walls. The city built in Huan Wen is slightly bigger than the old two cities, and even bigger than Jingzhou City now. After the two cities were connected, the wall was not demolished, thus forming a partition wall in the city. In the second year of Jin Yuan Xing (AD 403), Huan Xuan, the son of Huan Wen, sought Jingzhou and usurped the throne and proclaimed himself emperor. The name of the founding country was Chu, and the year number was changed to forever. The next year, he was killed in the west of the city. In the third year of Qi Yongyuan (AD 50 1), Xiao Baorong set up Jingzhou City to ensure peace. In the year of Emperor Liang Chengsheng Yuan (AD 552), Xiao Yi proclaimed himself emperor and made Jingzhou his capital. When Hou Jing rebelled, I managed to make it 70 miles outside the city, and the trees were hedged, so I dug ditches and guarded it. There are famous gardens "Xiangdong Garden" and libraries "Dongge Bamboo Hall" in the city. In 555 AD, the Western Wei Dynasty divided Jingzhou into two cities, east and west, and naturally used the existing partition walls in the city. In the 14th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 6 18), Xiao Xian, the empress of the Liang Dynasty, called Liang Di and made Jiangling its capital. In the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (AD 7 16), Jingzhou City was named "Du Nan", and Yongping Army was added to strengthen military equipment. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the partition wall in Jingzhou was removed.

From the Five Dynasties to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. "Jingzhou Fuzhi" records: "In the second year of Liang Gan (9 12 BC), Gao Jixing (Nanping Wang) built a heavy city and rebuilt Xiongchu Building, and Wangsha Building took shelter from the wind. There were hundreds of thousands of people holding cups, and all the guests and school friends were helped by the soil. " "Jingzhou County Records" said: "More bricks are dug from foreign Wuli tombs to build cities. After work, on a gloomy night, I often smell the devil crying and see the phosphorus fire. "High tomb brick (autumn tile) city, brick source tension, nature can't be built as complete and solid as later generations, but it is the beginning of Jingzhou city with bricks. Jingzhou's urban construction model has made a qualitative leap. The brick city foundation is 0.9 m wide and 0.6 m high 1. 1 m, and there are two layers of brick footguards outside the brick wall. On the basis of bricks, a brick-soil mixed wall is rammed with clay between broken bricks. The lower part is the same width as the brick foundation, and the upper part is the same height as the Five Dynasties Tucheng wall. Bricks used for building walls are all tomb bricks from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which are completely consistent with the literature records. The discovery of brick walls in the Five Dynasties advanced the history of building brick walls in Jingzhou City by more than 400 years.

Southern Song Dynasty to the End of Yuan Dynasty

It is reported that the ancient city wall of Jingzhou, which integrates water city, brick city and earth city, is the most intact ancient city form in the south of China and is known as a rare perfect city wall in the south. Jingzhou is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council 1982. 1996, Jingzhou ancient city wall was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Book of later Han dynasty According to geographical records, the construction of Jingzhou ancient city wall began in Zhou Liwang period more than 2,600 years ago. Verified by archaeological excavation of the ancient city wall, Jingzhou ancient city wall is the only ancient city wall with the longest duration and the most dynasties in China, which evolved from Tucheng. Previously, it was estimated that the circumference of Jingzhou ancient city wall was 1 1 km. Deng Dimin, director of the Municipal Urban and Rural Planning Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, introduced that the length of the ancient city wall in Jingzhou City has been carefully measured by the Municipal Surveying and Mapping Institute, and the latest data is 1 1. 145 km (calculated by the length of brick wall foundation); Among them, Wengcheng is 703 meters long; Horse face length is 661m; The main perimeter of Jingzhou city wall 10.568km (excluding Wengcheng and Mamian).

From the early Ming Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty

Jingzhou County Records said: "In the 12th year of Zhiyuan (AD 1278), Yuan Shizu was appointed as Hanjing Lake City". During the reign of Chen Jia in Ming Taizu (1364, 24th year of Yuan Dynasty), the Jingzhou city wall destroyed in Yuan Dynasty was still built in Zhangyangjing, Huguangping. On Monday, the city wall had 38 1 steps, 18 miles, 20 feet 6 inches high and 6 doors. The city is 10 foot wide and 1 foot deep. During the period from Hongwu to Wanli in Ming Dynasty, the maintenance and construction of brick walls in Jingzhou reached a climax. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1643), Zhang was trapped in Jiangling, and it didn't take long for him to move westward, so he ordered the demolition of the city. Demolition of the city may only cause partial damage to some city walls. According to archaeological excavations and observation of three city walls, there is no trace of Zhang being destroyed. The unearthed brick wall foundation of Ming Dynasty was built on the old foundation of Song Dynasty, and the earth wall was only partially raised. Brick walls in the Ming Dynasty were 0.7 meters wide and 7.5 meters high. Bricks were long and wide walls. Brick walls in Ming Dynasty and Song Dynasty were connected by nails. The earthen city wall in Ming Dynasty was superimposed on the earthen city wall in Song Dynasty, with a width of 9.5 meters and a height of 4.5 meters.

Ching Dynasty

According to the "Jiangling County Records", "In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, thieves were trapped in Jingzhou and lost their walls". In the third year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1646), Li Xifeng and Zheng Siwei of Jingnan Daotai rebuilt according to the old foundation of Ming Dynasty. "The military and civilian reconstruction is as good as the old site." During the reign of Kangxi, there was a wall in the city, and the Eight Banners soldiers in Manchuria were in the east, which was called the whole city. On the west is the official residence, called Seoul. Jingzhou City suffered from frequent floods in Qing Dynasty, and the repair work was frequent. Only in Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, every four repairs will cost more than 229,600 silver. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1727), the 21st year of Qianlong (A.D. 1756) and the 53rd year of Qianlong (A.D. 1788), the walls of Jingzhou were repaired. Especially in the fifty-third year of Qianlong, Wancheng levee burst, water entered from the west gate, and the city walls collapsed in many places. From 54 to 57 years of Qianlong, the Qing court paid more than 200,000 yuan in silver and ordered A Gui and other imperial academy students to repair the city wall. At that time, Shuijinmen (southwest corner of the city) and Xiaobeimen retreated dozens of feet due to low terrain, and the southeast corner of the city retreated dozens of feet, thus eventually shaping the scale of Jingzhou City.

With the end of the cold weapon era, the military function of Jingzhou City gradually lost. However, people have never been idle in the maintenance and protection of Jingzhou City. 1987, when excavating the west wall of Xiejiashan, a city brick engraved with the words "Bingzinian" was found, which proved to be a relic of the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1936). Bricks show that the national government has also carried out maintenance on Jingzhou city wall.

Edit the architectural features of this section.

After two overhauls in 54-57, Jingzhou ancient city wall has six gates. The six gates of Jingzhou ancient city wall all have names related to local geography, history and customs. The east gate is called Yingbin Gate, the south gate is called Nanji Gate, the west gate is called An Lan Gate, the north gate is called Gong Ji Gate, the small north gate is located in the northeast, and the small east gate is located in the southeast, called Gongan Gate (Watergate). In the past, the public security gate (Watergate) was not connected with the outside world by land, but by boat. Qucheng is built outside other gates, which is not the same. They all enclose the main door in a semi-circular shape, and the other door opens in front of Qucheng to form a double door together with the main door. The construction of Qucheng is completely different from that of the main city. Both inside and outside Qucheng are made of city bricks, and battlements are built on both sides. The city gate hole and the city gate frame are domes made of stones and city bricks. Both doors are equipped with a wooden door facing each other, and there is also a door with a thickness of 10 cm in the wooden door, which is both resistant to strong enemies and waterproof. This forms a two-door and four-door defense. Between the two gates, it is called an urn. The ingenious design of Wengcheng embodies China's excellent military thought of active defense in ancient times. Throughout the history of urban attack and defense, the city gate is actually the weakest link. Whether foreign enemies storm or lure, or traitors rebel, they all succeed through the city gate. The construction of Wengcheng has turned the weak link into a place that is easy to defend but difficult to attack. When soldiers and horses leave the city in wartime, they must go through double customs clearance to clarify the suspicion; If reinforcements come, they can be put into the urn for verification, whether it is true or not. The biggest secret of the urn is that it can implement active defense, open the urn, lure the enemy in, surround it on all sides, and annihilate it in one fell swoop.

Gongjimen was called Liumen in ancient times and Gongchenmen in Ming dynasty, commonly known as the Great North Gate. It is located in the northwest of Jiangling city. Quchengmen Cave is 5.8m high, 4.6m wide and10m deep. The entrance to the main city is 7m high, 4m wide and15m deep. The inner and outer doors are 32 meters apart, and the urn is slightly semicircular. In ancient times, this gate was the main road north of the Central Plains. Also known as Liumen, because officials moved, scholars went to Beijing to find officials. Out of this door, the car is crowned, and each is given a poem. Su Shi once wrote in "Ten Poems of Jingzhou": "Liumenjing National Road drives horses, and Chunyang. Hay burns in the wild, and the east wind moves the green mountain. Deng Xu in the north, extremely cross lane in the south. Jing Chu crossed the world and became pregnant with the weak king of Wang xin. " That's what I'm saying Today, the city gate is still the main passage of the garage, well preserved. Above the inner ticket gate, there is a stone tablet inscribed by Zhang, the magistrate of Qianlong Jingzhou, with the word "Gongjimen" on it.

An Lan Gate is commonly known as West Gate, and Longshan Gate in Ming Dynasty. Outside the door is Longshan Scenic Area, where people often go out to pay their respects. Because of the low terrain, it is often flooded. In the fifty-third year of Qing Qianlong (1788), the Yangtze River levee burst, and water rushed into the city through this gate and Shuikinmen, killing more than 10,000 people, and the gate collapsed. After several days of reconstruction, it has shrunk by more than ten feet, and the foundation of the city gate has been raised. When it is completed, the government and the people celebrate it together, and it is named after the meaning of stabilizing the flood. This city gate is well preserved. Quchengmen Cave is 5.8m high, 4.5m wide and10.4m deep. The entrance to the main urban area is 6.6m high, 4.85m wide and 15.5m deep. The distance between the inner and outer doors is 42 meters, and the urn is slightly rectangular. On the inner ticket door, there is a stone tablet with the word "An Lan Gate" written in the twenty-four years of Qianlong.

The South Gate is commonly known as the South Gate. This facade faces the big river in the south. In ancient times, princes, nobles, merchants and civilians all went out of this door and went down to Hankou. The intersection of Li Sanyuxu outside the door is the dock where the ancient captaincy landed and tied the boat. Quchengmen Cave is 5.5m high, 4.6m wide and10.2m deep. Inner City Gate Cave is 6.7 meters high, 4.6 meters wide and 24.8 meters deep. The inner and outer doors are 28 meters apart. The urn is rectangular. There is a stone tablet with the words "Nanjimen" written on it above the inner ticket door. The handwriting is mottled and the gatehouse is strange. There are two side doors on the left and right sides of the urn. The entrance is 4.7 meters high, 3.6 meters wide and 4.5 meters deep. Set this side door to attack the enemy of the city.

The welcome gate is called the East Gate. The welcoming gate is the gate to greet the imperial envoys and guests. So the gatehouse is spectacular, and the urn is the largest. Xiaodongmen is located in the southeast corner of the ancient city. Because it faces the public security, it is also called the public security gate. It was here that Liu Bei married his grandson. This gate is also called Shuinan Gate, because it is only connected by water. According to legend, Wu Dong's Monroe broke Jingzhou, killed Guan Yu, and then sneaked into this gate by water.

In addition to the above six gates, Jingzhou City Wall had a gate in the southwest corner of the city before the Wancheng levee burst on June 20, 53. When it was called Shuikinmen and the Wancheng levee was decided, the flood just came in from Shuikinmen and Ximen, which led to the collapse of the city. When Hou Qianlong ordered A Gui, a student from imperial academy, to rebuild Jingzhou City, Shuikinmen was not built, but only the West Gate was restored and named An Lan Gate.

After the reform and opening up, the ancient city opened a new south gate and a new north gate to adapt to economic development and ancient city protection. At this point, together with the original small east gate, the ancient city has three main motor lanes and five ancient city gates connected with the outside world, which truly achieves the goal of closing without death and opening without chaos, significantly reducing the traffic pressure on the ancient city gates and maintaining the integrity and durability of cultural relics.

Edit this paragraph for military purposes.

As a large-scale military fortification in ancient times, Jingzhou ancient city wall has many supporting military facilities besides tall and solid city walls and urns. At present, there are four caves for Tibetan soldiers, one in the east, one in the west, one in the north and one in the south, with a length of10.5m, a width of 6.3m and a depth of 6m, which have the most complete functions and features, and can accommodate 65,438+. There is also a cave where the soldiers hide on each floor. Each floor can accommodate two people, and they are all perforated. The wall where the Tibetan soldier cave is located protrudes outwards in a rectangular shape, so you can shoot the enemy who is attacking the city from behind from three sides and make it unprepared. The Tibetan soldier cave is beautifully built and unique, and it is an important military stronghold for defense and counterattack. In case the city is breached, the troops hiding in the cave can fight back accordingly and fight in their own way, so as to turn the tide of the war, that is, to fight stubbornly and try to achieve the goal of breaking the city without falling into the trap. South of Gonganmen Scenic Area 100 meters, you can enjoy the unique military facilities on the wall of Jingzhou ancient city.

Edit the towering gatehouse with tourist characteristics in this paragraph.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the East Gate Building was called Yingbin Building, the Xiaodongmen Building was called Chuwang Building, the South Gate Building was called Qujiang Tower, the West Gate Building was called Jiuyang Building, the Dabei Gate Building was called Chaozong Building, and the Xiaobeimen Building was called Jinglong Building. Nothing has changed since then. At present, the main building still exists, the Yinbin Building has been rebuilt and other gatehouses have been destroyed. Stacked walls are built in front of the tower, followed by Shi Yu walls or stone fences. The ground is paved with bricks, and the brick ladder is divided into two layers, and there is a path. This tower is very spectacular. Chaozong Building is the best preserved building, and Qujiang Tower is the most famous. The watchtower in front of the tower no longer exists.

Qujiang Tower is commonly known as Nanmenlou. To the east of this building, there was a floor in ancient times. When Zhang Jiuling, the right phase of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was demoted to the long history of Jingzhou, he often lived upstairs, looked at the great river in the south of the Yangtze River and bought wine to write poems. Nine years old, born in Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong). Fame was crowned for a while, and he was called Qujiang Gong. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Yi learned about Jiangling Mansion, tried to climb the building to look back on the past and admired the nine-year-old man, so she rebuilt the building and renamed it Qujiang Tower. After the building was destroyed, the south gate building was named Qujiang Tower. This tower was rebuilt in the Republic of China. It rests on the top of the mountain with a single eaves. The building plane is 15m long and 10m wide.

Chaozong Building, commonly known as Dabei Gate Building, is located in the west section of the north wall of Jiangling City. Reconstruction of Daoguang in the 18th year (1838). There was a time to rebuild this building under the roof of the gatehouse: in the 18th year of Qing Daoguang (1838), it was rebuilt in Ding in September, 1898. The gatehouse adopts two structures: the bucket-piercing type and the hanging beam type. The double eaves rest on the top of the mountain, five rooms wide, two rooms deep between the opening and closing rooms and three rooms deep between the secondary tips. Length 18m, width 12m. The roof is covered with black pottery tiles, and the animal parts decorated with ridges are also black pottery. The pillar is Chinese fir with a diameter of about 30 cm. There are doors and windows on the front and back eaves. The whole building is slim and simple. It shows the traditional style of classical architecture in China. The building was severely damaged during the Japanese invasion. 198 1 year for comprehensive improvement. This building is as strong as ever. On the fourth floor, you can see the new decoration of the mysterious temple in the east, which is as gorgeous as the heavenly palace, and the green trees in Taihuiguan in the west, which are as ethereal as clouds; You can see the winding Longshan Mountain in the distance, with looming peaks and hills, and you can see the streets and alleys of the ancient city nearby.

Binyang Building, formerly known as "Yingbin Building" and commonly known as Dongmen Building, was built in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 186 1). /kloc-0 was designed and restored by the national institute of cultural relics protection in August, 1987, and/kloc-0 was officially opened to Chinese and foreign tourists in August, 1987. The whole tower is 9 meters high. 5 meters, east-west width 12. It is 65 meters long and 34 meters long from north to south. The use of large wooden frame structure, magnificent, unique shape, maintained the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty. The three golden characters of "Binyang Building" were inscribed by Zhao Puchu. Next to the horse path of Binyang Building, a ladder leading to the uptown was specially built with wooden blocks. After climbing the stairs, the celebrities of the Three Kingdoms in Binyang Building immediately jumped into view. The bronze sculptures of Liu Bei, Zhang Fei, Guan Yu, Zhuge Liang and Zhao Zilong are lifelike. Binyang Building is surrounded by simulated colored sculptures of warriors from stable boy and Zhou Cang. Of the 20 articles in Romance of the Three Kingdoms/KLOC-0, 72 are related to Jingzhou, and every inch of Jingzhou seems to exude the breath of the man of the Three Kingdoms.

Three mountains in the city

The three mountains in the city are people's customary names for the three places with "mountains" on the wall of Jingzhou ancient city, namely Songjiashan, Xiejiashan and Toujiashan. The three mountains in the city are actually three earth terraces, which are closely related to Guan Gong's guarding Jingzhou, so there are mountains with names but no mountains. Later generations built shrines on it to worship Guan Gong, but all the shrines were destroyed. According to Qing Qianlong's Jiangling County Records, Song Jiashan is located on the northeast city wall, and it is said that Guan Gong once took a nap here. It is also said that in the 28th year of Hongwu (1395), when Zhu Zhen, the king of Chu, and Bai Zhu, the king of Xiang, triumphed at Hudukou, Ying Bohe, the magistrate of Jingzhou, gave a banquet in Xiongchu Building. "The king of Chu and Xiang were given a banquet in the north, and the banquet was given in the south." Xiejiashan is on the southwest wall. Legend has it that Guan Gong once unloaded his armor here and boarded the temple after his triumph, and the towers inside and outside the city are vivid. Tongjiashan, located in the northwest corner of the city wall, is related to Guan Gong's careless fall to Jingzhou. According to legend, when Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou, Lv Meng crossed the river in white and attacked Jiangling (Jingzhou City). Jingzhou is in a hurry. When Guan Yu heard the news, he quickly led the real soldiers back to the rescue and rushed to the city gate. Only then did he know that the garrison commander Mi Fang and others had given up the city and surrendered to Dongwu. Guan Gong is very sad. In desperation, he took off his armor, threw it on the northwest wall, and then led the troops westward. Later generations called this place "Toujiashan". During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Toujiashan was renamed Yulie Mountain and a temple was built. Emperor Jiaqing once inscribed a calligraphy plaque with the words "Greater China" on it. The names of Sanshanguan's "releasing armor, unloading armor and throwing armor" all mean "releasing armor and restraining military force, not serving soldiers", which expresses Jingzhou people's yearning for peace and tranquility since ancient times and their creation of a happy life.

Consistent with prosperity.

After the birth of New China, Jingzhou City Wall, which has experienced thousands of vicissitudes, has been highly valued by the Party and the government and carefully cared for by Jingzhou people. Wang Xinsheng, former deputy director of Jingzhou Cultural Relics Management Office, has directly participated in and organized almost all the city wall restoration work for more than 20 years, and is a historical witness to the protection of contemporary ancient city walls. According to him, from 1978 to now, the city wall has been repaired 32 times, including the large-scale repair *** 13 times. Binyang Building was rebuilt on 1988. Every grass, tree, brick and stone in the wall of Jingzhou is cherished and protected by the upright people of Jingzhou. The south gate and west gate towers of the ancient city, as well as the reconstruction projects of Xiongchu Building, Zhong Xuan Building and Yue Ming Building are all under planning. Today, the streets of the ancient city are clean and tidy, trees are shaded, the gatehouses on the city are flying, and the walls are green with pines and cypresses. The ancient city of Jingzhou takes on a new look.

As a famous military and cultural city in China, Jingzhou Ancient City has rich historical connotation and endless cultural charm. The classic Romance of the Three Kingdoms has 120 times, of which Jingzhou is mentioned more than 70 times. With the rapid development of national tourism, Jingzhou ancient city has become a favorite place for tourists from all directions and at home and abroad, and has been listed as an important scenic spot on the tourist routes of the three countries and a designated foreign-related tourist attraction in Hubei Province. Jingzhou is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council 1982. 1996165438+1October 20th, Jingzhou city wall, as an ancient building in Ming and Qing dynasties, was approved by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 2007, Jingzhou City Wall, Nanjing City Wall, Xi 'an City Wall, and Liaoning Xingcheng City Wall were included in the preparatory list for China to declare World Heritage.