A Brief Introduction to Kafka, the Pioneer of Western Modernist Literature

Franz Kafka, a Czech-born German novelist living under the rule of Austria-Hungary (the political alliance between Austria and Hungary), is an insurance employee. His major works include the novels The Trial, The Castle, Metamorphosis and so on.

Kafka was born in 1883 into a Jewish merchant family. /kloc-entered Prague university to study literature and law at the age of 0/8. 1904 began to write. His main works are four collections of short stories and three novels. Unfortunately, most of them were not published before his death, and none of the three long articles were finished. He lived in an era when Austria-Hungary was about to collapse, and was deeply influenced by Nietzsche and Bergson's philosophy. He always keeps a live attitude towards political events, so most of his works use grotesque images and symbolic intuition to express isolated and desperate individuals surrounded by hostile social environment.

Kafka and French writer marcel proust Kafka are introduced. Irish writer James Joyce is also known as the pioneer and master of western modernist literature.

Character experience

1On July 3, 883, Kafka was born in a merchant family in Prague. Kafka means "Western jackdaw in the West" in Czech, and Kafka's father's shop uses Western jackdaw in the West as its emblem. Kafka means "cave bird" in Hebrew (both Hebrew and Yiddish are Jewish).

190 1 year, Kafka entered Karl Ferdinand University in Prague, where he studied chemistry, Germanic language, literature and art history, and then changed to law. /kloc-in the summer of 0/902, I went to Liebherr (on the Elbe River) for my holiday. I met Braud for the first time. 1903- 1904 began to write a struggling first draft. 1907 began to write early works such as Preparation for Rural Marriage (lost).

1908, started working in the industrial accident insurance company. In March, he first published his works in Hipelion magazine. 1909 published two parts about a struggle in Hipelion magazine. Start writing a diary. In September, Braud and I went to Riva and Brescia to watch an air show.

19 10 introduced Kafka, and published a group of short prose works with the title of Observation in Bohemia German newspaper. 10 went to Paris with the Braud brothers. 19 1 1 Travel with Braud to Zurich, Lugano, Melano and Paris in the summer of. After that, Kafka recuperated alone near Zurich. Create a travel diary.

19 12 years began to write the novel The Missing (that is, America). Go to Leipzig and Weimar with Braud in summer. After that, I stayed alone in a mountain city in the Haltz Mountains to recuperate. 13 August, I met Felice8. On August 14, the manuscript of Observation was sent to Rowohlt Publishing House. Creation of "Trial" and "Metamorphosis". I started writing the novel America. ) The first work "Observation Collection" was published (65438+February). 19 13 firemen was published (may). Travel to Vienna, Venice and Liva.

On June 91KLOC-0/4, Kafka got engaged to Phyllis Bauer in Berlin. On June 1 1, I wrote a novel fragment "The Temptation in the Village" (the earliest prototype of the castle) in my diary. Travel to Luc and other places in September. The engagement was dissolved on July 2nd. In the same year, the world war broke out. Started writing "Trial" and finished "Exile".

19 15 meet Felice again. Keep writing about the trial. Traveling to Hungary with my sister Ellie. The fireman won the Feng Tana Prize.

1965438+In July 2006, Felice and I went to Bader in Malyon. After writing a few short stories, I was included in the collection "Country Doctor":

19 17 years, when the Great Wall of China was completed, he created it. Continue to write short stories in rural doctors. In July, I got engaged to Phyllis again. Symptoms of lung disease first appeared in August and were diagnosed as tuberculosis on September 4. Leave the insurance company temporarily on September 12. Study Kierkegaard's works. Write proverbs. In February 65438, she broke off her engagement to Phyllis again in Prague.

19 19 summer, she got engaged to Yuri Eberwein W. Rizek. Write a letter to my father. Exile was published.

1920, Kafka called in sick in Melano. Know Milena. In May, the collection of short stories "Country Doctors" was published. In September, he broke off his engagement with Yuri Eberwein Warwick. Go back to work in Prague in summer and autumn. At the end of the year, he was recuperating in Tallat Lung Disease Sanatorium. 192 1 year in Tallat. Return to Prague in September.

1922 1, went to Spinde Loehmueller, returned to Prague in February, and read the first chapter of Castle on March 15. The last conversation with Milena in May. Resigned due to illness in July. Continue to write "Castle".

1923 at the end of September, she lived with Dora di amante. Writing "Underground Cave", "Female Singer Josephine" and "A Study of a Dog". Four novels in the collection of short stories "Hunger Strikers" went to press.

1924 Kafka's condition deteriorated, 14 returned to Prague in March. Finish "Female Singer Joseffi Ni". Died on June 3rd. Buried in Prague. A collection of short stories hunger strikers was published.

193 1 year collection of short stories When was the Great Wall of China built was published. 1936, the six-volume Selected Works of Kafka edited by Max Braud was published. 1950- 1958 The nine-volume Kafka Collection edited by Max Braud was published.

Personal life

domestic

In Kafka's family, this introverted writer is regarded as a maverick, especially his father, who can't even give a little understanding to his son. Franz Kafka is more and more addicted to literature, which has a lot to do with his father.

His father Herman Kafka was a successful businessman, but his early life was very difficult. Herman Kafka comes from a rural family. After his military service, he began to accumulate wealth slowly in Prague. He is a ruthless tyrant, who often orders and accuses his shop assistants at will. Even his own children are scolded by him every day. He thinks they should do better and thanks him. In addition, he has always had a clear expectation for his son, that is, to be as honest, strong and hardworking as himself.

Kafka's father, Herman Kafka, is not outstanding in intelligence, but as a Jew, he is good at doing business, so he started from scratch and became the owner of a rich women's fashion gift shop. He only cares about his career, but he doesn't understand his son's writing career, let alone support it. In addition, his paternalistic way of disciplining children made Kafka psychologically bear the pressure of authoritarianism from an early age. This has become the life prototype of the theme of "generation gap" and the theme of fear in Kafka's creation.

Franz Kafka later wrote a letter of nearly 100 pages to his father (19 19), but it was never sent. In this letter, he described the trauma of his childhood: he admired his powerful father, who was almost decisive and could make the right decision on anything. However, he only sneered at his sons, and he only showed contempt for what Franz was passionate about. This unequal struggle between father and son has only one result-the shy boy becomes more introverted and hardly talks.

love

1923 Kafka fell in love with Dora, but was opposed by his father. His father said to him, "She probably wears a special shirt, which Jewish women in Prague will use to seduce men. As soon as you saw this shirt, you naturally decided to marry her. "

1June 3, 924, Kafka died. When Kafka's coffin was put into the grave, Dora jumped into the grave in desperation and was hugged by all the people present.

Kafka was engaged three times and divorced three times in his life. The fundamental reason is that Kafka is afraid that family life will destroy the loneliness on which his writing depends. In front of his beloved words, the marriage that ordinary people take for granted has no place at all, and he himself is just a willing victim of this ancient and great cause.