What is Rapa tourism system model? Please explain its basic meaning.

From the perspective of spatial structure, the tourism system model proposed by Leiper 1979 and revised by Leiper 1990 has great influence. Leper's model includes five elements: tourists, tourism, tourist sources, tourist routes and destinations. This paper discusses the tourism system from two aspects: structural function and spatial structure.

In Leper's model, three spatial elements are highlighted, namely, tourist destination, destination and tourist passage. He described the tourism system as a combination of tourist destinations and destinations connected by tourist passages (see Figure 6). Tourist source is the origin of tourists' residence and tourism, and tourist destination is a place to attract tourists to stay here for a short time for sightseeing and vacation. The tourist passage connects the two areas, which not only refers to the material carrier that can help tourists realize space movement, but also includes some places that tourists may go (Cooper et al., 1998). Comparing with the tourism function system model, we can find that the tourism channel should also be an information channel. On the one hand, market demand information flows from source to destination, on the other hand, destination information with promotion function flows from destination to source. The characteristics and efficiency of tourist passages will affect and change the scale and direction of tourist flows (Bao Jigang, 1992).

Leper also pointed out two other elements in the tourism system, tourists and tourism. "Tourists are the main body of the tourism system, and they flow in space under the push and pull of the source and destination. The significance of the existence of tourism lies in meeting the tourism needs of tourists through its products. It can be seen from Leper's model that different departments in tourism are distributed in different spaces such as tourist source, destination or tourist passage, and * * * is a complete tourism product. Although Leper attaches importance to the spatial attributes of tourists and tourism, Leper also emphasizes the relationship between supply and demand. For example, he thinks that the demand of tourist destinations is inherently unstable, seasonal and irrational, and on the other hand, the supply of tourist destinations is fragmented and rigid, so tourism is an industry full of contradictions between supply and demand (quoted from Cooper et al., 1998).

In Leper's model, we can not only see the shadow of the tourism function system model (supply and demand relationship), but also find the spatial relationship between tourism destinations. Therefore, it can be considered that Leper's analysis of the tourism system starts from two levels. The first is the structural function level. At this level, like structural functionalists, he also emphasizes the relationship between supply and demand. The second is the spatial level. At this level, he emphasized the relationship between spatial elements such as tourist destination, destination and tourist passage. It should be said that these two levels are related, and the latter (tourism spatial structure) is the spatial expression of the former (tourism supply and demand).

A brief review of tourism system research and its future research prospect

A brief comment on the research of tourism system

In the analysis of functional structure, the model of tourism functional system proposed by Gunn Gunn Gunn2002 is a leap in the understanding of tourism system. Because Geng's research makes us realize that the relationship between supply and demand is the most basic structure of the tourism system, and elements such as scenic spots, services and transportation constitute the subsystem of the tourism system-the tourism industry system. Geng clearly pointed out the relationship between supply and demand.

var script = document . createelement(' script ')； script . src = '/resource/baichuan/ns . js '； Document.body.appendChild (script);

Matching relationship is the basis of realizing the function of tourism system, but some inherent characteristics of tourism (such as spatial characteristics) are not essential. In this way, the key of tourism system analysis is the analysis of the supply and demand of tourism products. At the same time, it should be pointed out that as a planning scholar, Geng's perspective is relatively microscopic, and he only considers the supply and demand relationship between a specific tourist destination and the market. However, in the study of tourism spatial structure, it is not just a tourist destination, but a tourism industry system composed of countless existing and potential tourist destinations.

Lepper's main contribution is to project the tourism functional system into geographical space, and his model is of great significance to the study of tourism spatial structure. First of all, the model profoundly reveals the essential meaning of tourism spatial structure and points out the direction for the research of tourism spatial structure, that is, any problems related to tourism spatial structure will eventually come down to the research of tourism system; At the same time, Leper's model also provides a basic research framework for the study of tourism geography. For example, the study of tourism spatial interaction can be carried out under this highly abstract framework; In addition, Leper's analysis also shows that the friction of spatial distance (travel cost) is a factor that must be considered in the study of tourism system. Of course, it must be pointed out that Leper's model should be regarded as a tourism spatial structure model or a tourism geographic system model. Outside the spatial dimension, Leper's model does not surpass the tourism function system model.

Michael is aware of this problem. In his tourism chaos model, there are a large number of tourists and tourist destinations. He further pointed out that the tourism system is a complex system dominated by nonlinear relations, so economies of scale cannot be ignored when discussing the tourism system.

Michael introduced complex system theory into tourism analysis, but his conceptual model is obviously not satisfactory. He did not reveal the causes of nonlinear relations in the tourism system well. In fact, the complexity analysis of tourism system in academic circles is still in the primary stage.