What are the three concepts of tourism landscape design?

"Idea" is people's views, opinions and beliefs about things, and it is the main body and core of tourism landscape planning and design. Different ideas not only determine the style of tourism landscape planning and design, but also determine the advanced nature of tourism landscape design. It is particularly important to maintain advanced design concepts. We need to adhere to three concepts.

The three concepts put forward by Yuan Jing Design Institute are: sustainable development, people-oriented and highlighting culture.

sustainable development

(1) scientific sources

Landscape ecology and sustainable development theory

The basic viewpoint of landscape ecology: According to the viewpoint of landscape ecology, the longest living creature in nature is not the strongest creature, but the creature that can coexist with other creatures and co-evolve with the environment.

The theory of sustainable development emphasizes the principles of intergenerational equity, intra-generational equity and fairness between man and nature, and emphasizes the harmony and unity of the three major benefits of ecology, economy and society.

(B) the concept of connotation

Concept development: eco-tourism, sustainable tourism and low-carbon tourism.

1. Natural design

Tourism landscape design should first consider the protection of natural ecological environment. Ian Mike. Hager, a famous American landscape architect, believes that the value of each piece of land is determined by its inherent natural attributes. Human activities can only be to understand these values or restrictions, to adapt and use them, and only when they are adapted can they be healthy and comfortable. We should not only respect every factor of nature, but also respect the integrity of natural landscape, respect the objective laws and independent values of nature, and maintain the ecological balance of nature to meet the needs of human sustainable development.

Simon: The greatest progress we have made is not trying to completely conquer nature, ignoring natural conditions, or blindly replacing natural features, topography and vegetation with buildings, but deliberately seeking a harmonious and unified integration.

1) Respect the independent value of nature.

2) The fundamental connotation of conforming to nature is to respect the laws of nature.

According to the tourism landscape, the natural geographical features of the region such as climate, topography, soil, hydrology and vegetation are designed.

3) reduce the interference with nature

The concept of ecotourism was put forward by IUCN in 1983. In the past 30 years, its connotation has been continuously expanded, but two things remain unchanged: the object of eco-tourism is natural scenery; The purpose of ecotourism should not be harmed.

Some nature reserves violate relevant management regulations and carry out eco-tourism activities in buffer zones and even core areas; Some only consider commercial needs, and build roads, ropeways, hotels, parking lots, saunas, dance halls and cultural landscapes in tourist areas, which reduces vegetation coverage and destroys natural beauty;

4) Avoid the occurrence of ecological disasters and ecological hazards.

suit measures to local conditions

The design of tourist landscape is carried out in a certain place, and the place is changed purposefully. This requires a shallow and deep understanding of the characteristics of the region. The shallow layer is characterized by the ecological and natural integrity of the regional natural complex, such as the harmony of vegetation, climate, soil and terrain, the unity of tourist landscape and surrounding natural landscape, the unity of architectural layout and terrain, and so on.

1) spatial layout

"if you want to be high, you will find a pavilion, if you want to be low, you will find a pond", landscape and metallurgy, landscape layout and the design of different terrains,

Features of convex topography: hilltops, hilltops, ridges and other landforms. Appreciating the scenery is also the focus of sight.

The characteristics of concave terrain: high around, low around, introverted space, and a certain sense of security. This is an ideal terrain for the location of tourist buildings.

2) Local characteristics

Selection of plants: Different plants adapt to different ecological environments. Factors such as temperature, light, moisture and soil in the ecological environment lead to certain spatial differences in the distribution of plants. This requires landscape design to meet the requirements of plants for ecological environment.

Adhering to the concept of sustainable development is also manifested in the recycling of resources in the process of landscape design. Such as the utilization of waste.

Design for the people.

(A) the scientific source of ideas

Behavioral geography, tourism marketing, tourism anthropology

(B) the concept of connotation

Concept development: market design, humanized design and experience design.

1. Market design

Tourism landscape design must be combined with the tourist market. Product positioning should examine the development characteristics and inherent image of the surrounding tourist areas, and market positioning should accurately subdivide the target market, which cannot be generalized. Only on the basis of accurate market positioning can tourism landscape design have fresh vitality.

The hotel design of business tourists and mass tourists is naturally different.

Business tourists pursue comfort and taste, while mass tourists pursue convenience and comfort.

2. Humanized design

The most important thing of tourist landscape is to meet the psychological needs of tourists in pursuit of pleasure. In particular, tourist facilities should meet the requirements of safety, privacy and scenic appreciation. Therefore, in the design of tourism landscape, we must adhere to the people-oriented concept from the spatial layout of scenic spots, restaurants and shopping places to the height of steps.

1) Respect personal space scale

Bubble: Anthropologist Edward Twitchell Hall Jr suggested that the arc formed by the movement of human upper and lower limbs determines a spherical space, which is the personal spatial distance. People are the content of bubbles, and the bigger space is the extension of bubble space.

Domain: Different spatial positions occupied by different species in nature. "One mountain can't accommodate two tigers".

From our own life experience, we can find that every individual has a domain similar to animals, and people will maintain the domain formed by their own domain. If you are in conflict or interference, you will have disgusting behavior in psychology and behavior. Therefore, in landscape design, we should pay special attention to the psychological impact of the site on tourists.

2) Consider the behavior and habits of tourists.

The main behavior habits are cutting corners, finding the way, turning left, etc.

First of all, cut corners. The lawn in the tourist area is paved with sidewalks of different materials, but there are often footprints around it, which shows the irrationality of the design. In order to avoid this phenomenon, fences may be used to strengthen and adjust, but it is not very comfortable. The best way is to give full consideration to people's behaviors and habits.

Second, find the way. When people don't know the route of the destination, they always reach the destination while groping, and when they return, they are used to returning along the original road. Need to design the cycle.

Third, turn left. In tourist areas, when the pedestrian density on the road reaches more than 0.3 people/square meter, people are often used to driving on the left. The design of safe passage needs to consider the habit of left traffic.

3) Consider the convenience and comfort of tourists.

Step height: 12 to 16 cm, less than 10 cm. It is not suitable for setting steps, and it can be changed into a ramp.

When the length of the steps exceeds three meters, a rest platform should be set up, and the drainage slope of the steps should be kept at 1% to avoid water accumulation.

Steps should be anti-skid.

Too many steps should have guardrails.

Many tourist attractions also have special barrier-free access:

Tourists rest.

Rest space in tourist shopping street: for example, the layout of various rest seats in Qianmen Street in Beijing. Especially for male tourists, it is a very humanized design.

4) To prevent and control tourists' behavior.

For the management of tourist attractions, an important management content is tourist management. Especially some tourists' bad behaviors should be prevented and controlled through landscape design.

Excessive humanistic care should be avoided, because the remoteness and timeliness of tourism often induce unsustainable behaviors of tourists, such as rising consumption, weakening moral sense, cultural interference, material intake and so on. Meeting the improper requirements of some tourists will affect the quality of other tourists' appreciation of the tourist landscape, and eventually lead to intra-generational injustice.

For example, the construction of Panshan Highway and Cableway saves a lot of physical strength for tourists, but devalues the aesthetic function of famous sages and historical sites, and also loses the aesthetic of "relaxing muscles and stimulating the soul" in tourism.

3. Experience design (situational design)

The essence of tourism is the experience of different places. Tourism experience is the most common, universal and stable attribute of tourism phenomenon. No matter what kind of tourists, what they get through different travel modes is not material, but beautiful experiences and memories. Different experience forms of various modes of travel.

1) The theme of experience should be distinctive.

Cultural experience

Especially the design of the gates of some scenic spots.

2) Landscape design should involve some tourists.

Originated from the cultural design.

(A) the scientific source of ideas

Tourism culturology and cultural geography

(B) the concept of connotation

Conceptual development: context inheritance, place spirit and outstanding characteristics

1. Context inheritance

Tourism itself is a cultural activity. Tourism landscape can have long-term vitality only if it has specific cultural connotation and meets the psychological needs of tourists. Therefore, on the basis of resource investigation and evaluation, we should determine the core culture and design the tourist landscape. In the design, attention should be paid to the organic coordination of various landscape elements and the theme culture. For landscape architecture, we should pay attention to the study of local folk customs, terroir environment and other cultural connotations, draw the essence from local dwellings, and discuss the cultural attribution of landscape architecture from the perspective of culturology, so as to find the focus of its creation and design a landscape architecture that is suitable for nature and skillfully created in the environment. At the same time, pay attention to the best expression of cultural connotation and the design of participatory dynamic tourism landscape, so that tourists can feel the essence of culture in their own experience.

2. Place spirit

The deep location feature is genius loci, which is rooted in the natural features of the site. On it, time, space, people, nature, reality and history are intertwined, and people's thoughts and feelings are often preserved. The design of tourist landscape should respect the unique tradition and history of tourist areas and pass it on to tourists through the design of tourist facilities. If the local area does not have its own architectural style, it is necessary to give consideration to the natural environment and neutral design, rather than simply introducing architectural styles from other areas.

3. Outstanding features

Tourism is a kind of cultural experience and pleasant experience in different places, so the destination choice of tourists is often a place with great cultural differences and unique personality. The uniqueness and visual shock of the landscape are important weights for tourists' satisfaction.