What should I prepare and pay attention to when traveling to Tibet?

Precautions for traveling on the plateau: The air pressure in the plateau area is low, the air density is small, and the oxygen content is 25% to 30% lower than that of the inland plains. The sunshine is strong, and the average annual sunshine can be as long as 3,000 hours. Winters are long and cold and there is no midsummer. When going to plateau to work, live or travel, you should pay attention to several aspects:

1. Wear loose, warm clothing when traveling.

2． Because the sunshine is generally strong in plateau areas, it is best for people to wear sunglasses, sun hats and apply sunscreen to prevent ultraviolet rays from burning the skin.

3. Do not eat too much when you first arrive at the plateau. Eat more vegetables, fruits, and drink more water. You can drink enough water before exercising in the morning. It is best not to smoke or drink alcohol.

4. In addition, windows should be opened when resting at night to maintain air circulation.

What to do if you suffer from severe altitude sickness

Areas above 3,000 meters above sea level are called plateau areas. It is characterized by low air pressure and low oxygen concentration in the air, which can easily lead to hypoxia in the human body, thus causing altitude sickness. Common symptoms of altitude sickness are vomiting, tinnitus, headache, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, fever, and drowsiness. In severe cases, there may be dullness, mood swings, excitement, memory loss, abnormal hearing, vision, smell, and taste, and hallucinations. etc., edema, shock or cramps may also occur.

1． For patients with altitude sickness, giving oxygen and lowering the altitude are the most effective first aid treatments. If there is shock, priority should be given to treatment, and attention should be paid to hypothermia and other complications.

2． The patient should be moved to a wind-free place and placed in bed immediately. Keep warm to prevent upper respiratory tract infection. At the same time, it is strictly forbidden to drink a lot of water.

3. If the pain is severe, analgesics can be taken to relieve the pain. If you still cannot adapt, the height needs to be lowered until the patient feels comfortable or the height at which symptoms are significantly relieved. Generally speaking, patients suffering from altitude sickness can recover without treatment after lowering to level ground. Even so, severe cases still need to be sent to the hospital for treatment.

What to do if hypoglycemia occurs

1. Whether you are traveling by car or sightseeing, you should have a few candies in your pocket, chocolate and fruit candies are better. Eat breakfast on time. If you miss breakfast or eat too little breakfast and feel flustered or hungry before lunch, eat a few candies immediately, and you will return to normal in about 10 to 15 minutes.

2． If possible, you can immediately make a cup of thick sugar water to drink. If you are traveling and do not carry candy with you, you can drink some sugary drinks or eat other foods, and you can return to normal, but it will take a little longer.

3. If your traveling companion suffers from hypoglycemia and suddenly faints, you should immediately let him lie down on his back to rest, loosen the buttons of his clothes and belt, and let him drink some concentrated sugar water, sweet drinks, juice, etc., which will usually relieve him quickly. come over. If the symptoms of hypoglycemia cannot be eliminated by taking the above-mentioned measures, you should consider other diseases and send them to a local hospital for diagnosis and treatment without hesitation.

What to do if your legs and feet are swollen

When you first arrive at the plateau, people may experience edema in their legs and feet due to the high altitude and tight schedule. Don’t panic at this time. The following methods can reduce it appropriately. Or relieve the degree of swelling:

1. It is necessary to properly arrange the time and route of travel, do not rush too much, take a rest after visiting a scenic spot, and pay attention to the balance between work and rest.

2． Pay attention to changes in body position along the way. After standing and walking for a period of time, sit or lie down for a while and cross your legs. When riding in a car for a long time, raise your legs to facilitate the return of venous blood in your legs and feet.

3. When you are traveling for a long time and need to walk for a long time, it is best to put on leggings with suitable elasticity, or wrap a wide cloth belt around the calf several times and secure it with pins.

4. After traveling every day, scald your feet with hot water to dilate the blood vessels in your feet and facilitate the return of blood.

■Special circumstances

What to do if the vehicle breaks down while driving on the plateau

1. If a car encounters an accident such as breaking down on a plateau, it should promptly report to the relevant departments through mobile phones, maritime satellite phones and other communication means. If there is no signal on the mobile phone or other communication tools are not carried, active warnings should be given to passing vehicles, such as waving hands. Ask vehicles coming from behind to pull over to the side of the road, and oncoming vehicles should also be stopped; at night, you can use a flashlight or light-colored scarf to stop vehicles.

2． Because the air on the plateau is thin, when people encounter an accident while driving, they should be careful not to do strenuous exercise, stay calm, and not panic. Otherwise, it will increase oxygen intake, increase body heat consumption, and cause physical fatigue.

3. While waiting for rescue, the trapped persons should maintain air circulation in the car and move their limbs every once in a while, such as moving their toes, turning their wrists, stretching their shoulders and neck, to promote blood circulation.

4. Don't turn on the radio or car lights too often to conserve battery power. If the climate in your area is cold, it is recommended to run the engine and warm air for about 10 minutes every hour. This will not only save fuel, but more importantly, if the engine is running for too long, there is a greater risk of exhaust gas pouring into the car. At the same time, if it is too warm, The environment can also make people drowsy

Some people who are new to plateau travel may suffer from altitude sickness. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitations, nausea and vomiting, cyanosis of the lips, insomnia, dreaminess, and possible increase in blood pressure.

These symptoms are more obvious in the first two days, and then gradually reduce or disappear. However, there are also a very small number of people whose symptoms gradually worsen due to fatigue, cold, upper respiratory tract infection and other reasons, and develop into high altitude pulmonary edema or high altitude cerebral edema. So, how to reduce altitude sickness during travel and how to prevent the occurrence of altitude sickness? The suggestions are as follows:

1. Patients with heart, lung, brain and blood system diseases should not enter the plateau. If you are usually in good physical condition, altitude sickness will generally be relatively mild after entering the plateau. However, it is also best to refrain from smoking and drinking before entering the plateau to prevent upper respiratory tract infections, prevent overexertion, and bring necessary emergency medicines.

2. Have good psychological quality and maintain optimism. Otherwise, excessive worry, anxious thoughts, and poor sleep will increase the oxygen consumption of brain tissue, leading to or aggravating altitude sickness.

3. Altitude sickness can generally be cured by itself. If the symptoms are severe, symptomatic treatment is enough. Such as oxygen inhalation, pain relief, oral painkillers and diazepam tablets, and the Tibetan medicine "Rhodiola rosea" oral liquid can alleviate altitude sickness. Patients with rare high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema must receive large amounts of oxygen and be quickly transported to low-altitude areas while applying drug treatment. The treatment effect is better.

4. The plateau climate is changeable, especially the temperatures in the morning and evening are low. Generally, for every 1,000 meters of altitude increase, the temperature decreases by 6 degrees Celsius. Be sure to keep warm after entering Tibet. Even in summer, people coming from the mainland must prepare woolen sweaters, thermal underwear, etc. The temperature is lower in winter, so you need to pay more attention to cold and frost resistance. The sunshine on the plateau is strong, so you should wear sunglasses and a sunhat when doing outdoor activities to prevent ultraviolet rays from damaging your skin. If you are going on an adventure or mountain climbing trip, you must plan to carry out periodic adaptation exercises, and you should not rush into areas above 5,000 meters above sea level to prevent unexpected events.

5. You should choose high-calorie and easily digestible foods in your diet. Do not overeat. You should pay special attention not to overeat during dinner, so as not to increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, put pressure on the heart and lungs, and cause chest tightness and palpitation. You can use it when sleeping. Semi-recumbent position to reduce the burden on the heart and lungs.

Credit cards: Daocheng now has open deposit and redemption banks: the Agricultural Bank of China’s Golden Harvest Debit Card; and the postal green card. However, it needs to be noted that Daocheng is different from the business conditions outside. There is no ATM teller machine, similar to No work is allowed during festivals like the Spring Festival. Therefore, tourists traveling to Daocheng during holidays must prepare cash in advance.

Power supply: The power supply in various places along the line is not very sufficient, and the hotel air conditioners are turned on and off regularly. There are no electric wires laid in the Yading Scenic Area yet, but there are generators in Longlongba and Luorong Niuchang Camp, so you can also feel the light at night.

Self-driving: Since the plateau area is vast and sparsely populated, self-driving tourists should fill up their tank at every gas station in the county to avoid embarrassment on the way. Wear anti-skid chains when driving in winter, do not drive too fast on ice and snow, and keep safety first. It’s best not to drive at night! !

Horse riding: If you ride a horse for a long time in the scenic area, you should choose a suitable horse and saddle, pay attention to safety, and follow the instructions of the service staff. Carry the permit and items with you

Documents: ID card or passport, border defense permit (to go to Mount Everest). Please apply for the border defense permit locally.

The backpacks are one big and one small: The small backpack is used for day activities and it is better to fit the larger backpack.

Close-fitting waist bag: Used to store belongings and important documents.

Warm clothing: The plateau climate has huge temperature differences between morning and evening. It sometimes snows and rains at night, so in winter, spring, and autumn, you must bring thick sweaters, thick coats, clothes with good waterproof and rainproof properties, gloves, scarves, and travel shoes with good heat retention and fire resistance. Or hiking shoes.

Sunscreen: Due to the strong sunshine, you should wear sunglasses, sun hat and sunscreen when going out. Girls should wear high-level sunscreen.

Drug: Due to lack of oxygen and low air pressure, many times the boiling water is not rolled through. There will be diarrhea when you first arrive, so prepare laxatives such as berberine.

In addition, you should bring heat-clearing drinks, such as chrysanthemum tea, summer mulberry, and American ginseng granules. Vitamin C can strengthen the body's resistance, and lip balm can prevent dry lips. Since altitude sickness is often accompanied by severe headaches, please prepare painkillers such as Bili pain, painkillers, and headache powder. High-calorie foods such as chocolate, anti-hypoxic drugs such as Rhodiola rosea, glucose, etc. Climate characteristics: Due to the high terrain of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it has formed high cold and hypoxia, long winter without summer, and spring and autumn are connected; strong solar radiation, long sunshine hours; rainfall The climate is characterized by small amount and dryness; large temperature difference between day and night. The best time to travel is from May to October every year, with August and September being the prime tourism seasons. The climate in this season is mild and pleasant, making it a popular summer resort.

Due to the above-mentioned climate reasons, when you choose to travel to Qinghai-Tibet, please pay attention to:

(1) Be sure to choose clothing with good warmth retention, and it is best to prepare sunglasses and sun hats Use sunscreen and skin care products to protect yourself from UV rays.

(2) Regularly prepared medicines: Please bring your own commonly used cold medicines and gastrointestinal medicines; because the air is dry, please prepare items such as throat medicines and sugar. The distant and mysterious Tibet lies in the southwest border of my country. Her unique style attracts more and more people to travel to the Tibetan Plateau. So what is the climate in Tibet, what are the customs and customs like, and what health care issues should we pay attention to when traveling? Let us listen to what doctors who have been supporting Tibet for more than ten years have to say.

Areas above 3,000 meters above sea level are called plateau areas. The average altitude of Tibet is more than 4,000 meters. It is characterized by low air pressure and low oxygen partial pressure, which can easily lead to hypoxia in the human body. If preventive measures are not taken properly, it can cause High altitude incompatibility. It includes a group of diseases such as acute mountain sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude coma, chronic altitude sickness, high altitude heart disease, high altitude hypertension, high altitude hypotension, and high altitude polycythemia. Those who enter the plateau for the first time or those who enter the plateau after a long interval should pay attention to the following issues.

1. Those entering the plateau should undergo a strict comprehensive physical examination. Anyone with obvious organic diseases of the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and other internal organs, or those with stage III hypertension or above, should not enter Tibet.

2. People over 40 years old, fat or infirm should not go. Excessive obesity will aggravate altitude hypoxia and easily trigger altitude heart disease.

3. If you suffer from a severe cold, it is best to get cured in a plain area before entering Tibet. Otherwise, altitude sickness will be aggravated and even induce pulmonary edema.

4. For those who are going to the plateau for the first time, it is best to go to Tibet in summer and autumn, because altitude sickness can be greatly reduced, and the cold in winter can aggravate the body's hypoxia. It is best to take a car into Tibet to gradually adapt.

5. During the first few days after arriving at a plateau for the first time or after a certain period of time, try to avoid strenuous exercise and activities, run less, and rest in bed appropriately.

6. Even in summer, the alpine climate is cool in the morning and evening and hot at noon, so keeping warm is very important. You should wear sweater pants and cotton-padded clothes in autumn, and fur coats and fur boots in winter to prevent colds and upper respiratory tract infections.

7. Those who are new to the plateau should eat more rice. In particular, sweet porridge with added sugar can suppress nausea and vomiting, and supplying acidic drinks can help correct alkalosis and replenish energy and water. Due to the dry climate, the body's demand for water is very urgent, so you can often drink tea or raw juice drinks. You can drink 1-2 sips each time, and drink more times. Butter tea can effectively resist the harsh climate of high mountains. You should also eat more vegetables, fruits, lean meats, chocolate candies and other foods rich in vitamins, proteins and high heat energy.

8. Tourists should also prepare sunglasses to protect against wind, sand and sunlight. Direct sunlight on the plateau causes very strong ultraviolet rays, which can cause varying degrees of damage to the optic nerve and can also prevent "snow blindness".

9. People suffering from altitude insufficiency should sleep in a semi-recumbent position to reduce the venous return of the right heart and pulmonary capillary congestion. If you feel cardiopulmonary discomfort, it is best to inhale oxygen first and prepare an oxygen bag by your side, as altitude sickness will worsen at night. You can prepare some cardiotonic, diuretic, and blood vessel dilation drugs, as well as some drugs for sleeping, pain relief, motion sickness, etc., preferably traditional Chinese medicine.

10. Group tours must be equipped with medical staff who are familiar with altitude sickness and should prepare rescue measures. Medical staff should also be healthy. Scientists call altitudes above 3,000 meters a plateau. Because when the altitude reaches this height, its climate characteristics (such as low oxygen pressure, hypoxia, high radiation, high cold, etc.) are obviously different from those in the plains. When a person reaches such an environment, his body must undergo a series of adjustments in order to adapt. Therefore, when entering the plateau for the first time, or even those who have lived on the plateau for a long time, when returning from the plains to the plateau, they must take strict precautions in many aspects to prevent the occurrence of acute altitude sickness.

1. People suffering from the following diseases should not enter the plateau

If you have never been to the plateau, you must undergo a strict physical examination before entering the plateau. If you find that your heart, lungs, Those with obvious lesions in the brain, liver, and kidneys, as well as those with severe anemia or high blood pressure should not blindly enter the plateau. If you only have a general illness, you must take necessary precautions in advance, such as carrying oxygen with you.

2. Things you should pay attention to after arriving at the plateau

When you first arrive at the plateau, everyone will feel varying degrees of chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and other hypoxic symptoms. But this does not mean It means that you cannot adapt to the plateau. If you can protect yourself correctly, the above symptoms can generally improve or disappear after 5-7 days.

People often advocate using oxygen to relieve discomfort. Of course, oxygen can Symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing are temporarily relieved, but the symptoms will reappear after stopping oxygen inhalation. In this way, the time to adapt to the plateau is delayed. We advocate that if your above-mentioned symptoms are not very severe, especially if they are mild at rest, it is best not to inhale oxygen. This will allow you to quickly adapt to the plateau environment.

When you first enter the plateau, do not overeat, so as not to increase the burden on the digestive organs, so that they can adapt well to this environment. It is best not to drink alcohol and smoke. You should eat more vegetables, fruits and other vitamin-rich substances, but you must also note that if the above symptoms become more and more severe after entering the plateau, especially when you are resting, you should take oxygen immediately and go to the hospital for treatment. To prevent adverse consequences caused by "acute high altitude pulmonary edema".

When you first arrive at the plateau, you are not allowed to walk quickly, let alone run, or do physical labor. After a week of rest, you can gradually increase a certain amount of labor. This is the theoretical basis for generally taking a week's rest before going to work after arriving at a plateau. When you first arrive at a plateau, you should prevent colds caused by catching a cold. Colds are one of the main causes of acute high-altitude pulmonary edema. Everyone longs to climb high, but it’s always cold at high places. For those who love to climb, be sure to prepare in advance before going to the plateau.

1. Altitude sickness

For most people, altitude sickness is not very obvious. A small number of people suffer from altitude sickness above 3,000 meters. Altitude sickness occurs 6-12 hours after entering the mountain. A few people develop symptoms after 1-3 days. Generally, they can return to normal within 3-7 days. Appropriate exercise should be accompanied by symptomatic treatment.

1. Proper oxygen inhalation is often effective in treating dyspnea and chest tightness caused by altitude sickness.

2. Take painkillers to relieve headaches.

3. Take gastrointestinal medicine to treat loss of appetite.

4. For insomnia, stable drugs should be used.

When you first arrive in a high mountain area, you must actively adapt and reduce physical exertion. You should also pay attention to strengthening nutrition. When your appetite is poor, you should eat more meals a day and drink more liquid foods, such as milk and juice.

2. High mountain pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema is a common condition in high mountains. Symptoms occur above an altitude of 2,250 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level.

1. If you have a severe cough or difficulty breathing, do not lie down.

2. When the lips or forehead are bruised, move to a lower altitude area in time.

3. After the onset of the disease, stay in bed and keep warm.

3. Frostbite

The prevention and treatment of frostbite requires complete equipment and keeping the clothes dry and soft. While walking, you should keep wiping your hands and face, and do not sit on the ground to rest.

1. After frostbite occurs, rapid rewarming is required to reduce tissue damage caused by frostbite.

2. After mild frostbite occurs, topical drugs should be applied promptly to facilitate early recovery.

4. Snow blindness

The occurrence of snow blindness is like sand in the eyes, red eyes, blown by the wind, and tears. On the plateau, you need to wear glasses when there is snow. After snow blindness occurs, it will affect the climbing process. With proper protection, snow blindness can be avoided.

If snow blindness occurs, you must avoid light and can be treated with ordinary eye drops