What does business administration include?

Business administration (business administration)

What is business administration?

According to the general understanding of business administration in quality education, the major of business administration is set up in colleges and universities. Its training objectives are mainly to cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, to have innovative spirit and practical ability, to have high English and computer application ability, to master the basic theories and skills of modern management, to have basic professional qualities, to adapt to the requirements of new economy, knowledge economy, economic globalization and internationalization, and to engage in enterprise management, planning, consulting, teaching and training.

Business administration is a discipline that studies the basic theories and general methods of economic management of industrial and commercial enterprises, mainly including the formulation of business strategy and internal behavior management of enterprises. The business administration major is a highly applied major, and its goal is to make effective enterprise management and management decisions according to the basic theories of management and economics, and to ensure the survival and development of enterprises.

Business administration, as an important branch of management, studies how to make effective enterprise management and management decisions by using modern management science and means based on the basic theories of management and economics. Pay attention to cultivating students' management ability, so learners need to have certain leadership potential. Business administration in a broad sense includes many fields, and its secondary majors have their own characteristics, mainly including business administration, marketing, accounting, financial management, human resource management, tourism management and so on.

Because the learning process of business administration major involves a lot of mathematical knowledge, students who choose this major must have a solid mathematical foundation, otherwise you will have great difficulty and pressure in learning. On the other hand, business management learners should be interested in all subjects, develop in a balanced way, and be good at paying attention to changes in society and external environment. Generally speaking, students who have good interpersonal communication skills and are good at influencing and controlling others in the team are more suitable for choosing business administration.

Specialty setting of business administration

At present, there are many colleges and universities specializing in business administration in China, but each college has its own characteristics in terms of teachers, teaching facilities and subject direction. For example, the Business School of Renmin University of China covers all the degrees and training programs of "Business Administration" from undergraduate to doctoral, and it is an important base for business administration education in China, and its enterprise management is a national key discipline. Xi Jiaotong University has the first doctoral program in management engineering, with management science and engineering and business administration as national key disciplines. The International Business School of the University of International Business and Economics is the first management school in China to introduce the western enterprise management education system (1983). Its business management education has unique international characteristics. It has maintained close cooperation with Harvard Business School, University of Maryland, University of Paris I and other internationally renowned multinational companies such as Motorola, Siemens, Ericsson and PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The majors similar to business administration are: international enterprise management, human resource management, etc. International enterprise management focuses on cultivating senior professionals who can engage in transnational operations in various enterprises and organizations, while human resource management focuses on cultivating senior professionals engaged in labor and personnel management.

Professional content of business administration

How to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, how to reduce the cost of enterprises, how to seize fleeting business opportunities, and how to formulate the development strategy of enterprises according to market prospects are all problems that need to be studied and solved in enterprise management. The main courses of business administration include: management, microeconomics, macroeconomics, western economics, economic methodology, advanced mathematics, linear algebra, management information system, statistics, accounting, financial management, marketing, economic law, operation management, human resource management, enterprise strategic management, industrial economics, western enterprise management (English), operation management, quality management, multinational company management, business planning and so on.

In addition, besides the regular classroom teaching, there are many opportunities for practice and practice in this major, such as social investigation, management practice in enterprises, or management consulting for local small and medium-sized enterprises. By integrating theory with practice, students can master the basic principles of management and economics and further exercise their practical work ability.

Prospect of business administration specialty

At present, as China has just joined the World Trade Organization, enterprises and businesses in China need to be in line with world standards. In this process of integration, there is a serious shortage of talents for business administration in the existing domestic environment. Any promising factory, enterprise, institution, government department, institution of higher learning and scientific research institute can provide students with an opportunity to show as long as the students of this major finish their studies seriously, master solid professional knowledge and seize the opportunity to exercise seriously during their internship.

In addition, the students of this major have a very good development prospect, that is, to participate in MBA (Master of Business Administration) training. At present, MBA is an internationally recognized degree with great development prospects. Degree holders can not only hold positions in industrial and commercial enterprises and government departments, but also hold senior leadership positions in financial institutions, brokerage (intermediary) institutions, business consulting institutions, enterprise diagnosis institutions, accounting firms, asset appraisal institutions, fund organizations and other enterprises and institutions. With the development of national economy and the comprehensive promotion of state-owned enterprise reform, a series of problems faced by private enterprises need the growth of a group of professional entrepreneurs. It can be predicted that there will be an increasing demand for MBA in China's talent market.

Business administration graduates

(1) Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

1, master the basic principles of management and economics and the basic theories and knowledge of modern enterprise management.

2, master the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of enterprise management.

3. Have strong language and writing skills, interpersonal communication skills and basic ability to analyze and solve enterprise management work and problems.

4, familiar with the relevant principles, policies and regulations of China's enterprise management and international enterprise management practices and rules.

5. Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of this discipline.

6, master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information query, with preliminary scientific research and practical work ability.

(2) Graduates majoring in business administration have a wide range of employment, and companies, enterprises and government departments all have their uses. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following employment channels:

1, the traditional market management position, in this position, you must start from the grassroots, exercise your ability and accumulate some experience in the process. At present, although the level of treatment offered by many enterprises (except some foreign-funded enterprises) is unacceptable, it will be very helpful for your own development in the long run.

2, human resources management positions, can work in the human resources department of enterprises and institutions, engaged in recruitment, training, salary system and other specific work.

3. Logistics management positions can integrate management knowledge into the logistics industry. At present, some logistics jobs in foreign trade have good salary and good development prospects.

4, financial accounting positions, can be engaged in accounting work, but the premise must meet the practical requirements. If you want to engage in accounting work, you must obtain an accounting professional qualification certificate. Accounting is a highly professional profession, while business administration is a comprehensive and self-centered profession, which is not as good as that of graduates majoring in pure accounting or finance. However, it is still possible to engage in accounting work if you use a little understanding of accounting knowledge and then participate in accounting training and obtain relevant certificates. Accounting The financial departments of major enterprises all need the professional position of accounting, and many business administration majors will take the accounting certificate, accounting certificate and the like. Mainly engaged in all business accounting of the financial department (account registration, monthly report, quarterly report, semi-annual, annual final report, quarterly, semi-annual and annual financial report, etc.). ), and management expenses budget.

5. Administrative positions, you can engage in administrative work and enter the administrative department of enterprises, institutions or non-profit organizations. Because business administration has something to do with these, you choose administration (responsible for administrative affairs and office affairs, including the formulation and implementation of relevant systems, daily office affairs management, office supplies management, document management, conference management, foreign affairs management, as well as business trips, property equipment, welfare, vehicles, safety and health, etc. )。

6. positions in public institutions. Many people who study business administration will also choose to take an examination of institutions and seek stable job opportunities. Every year, many institutions ask for positions in business administration, but many people take exams. Mainly engaged in various industries, through the examination of civil servants, professional titles, endure a few years to get better development.

7. Positions in banks or non-bank financial institutions. Students majoring in business administration can enter Chinese banks, foreign banks, Chinese non-bank financial institutions or foreign non-bank financial institutions through school recruitment and social recruitment, but the chances of school recruitment are greater and the requirements of social recruitment are very high. No matter the school or the club, you must pass the exam. The competition is fierce. The front desk is mainly engaged in counter, lobby assistant, financial manager, insurance broker, securities broker and other positions; The middle and back office are mainly engaged in accounting, auditing, actuarial, risk control management, trainer, data analyst, Guan Peisheng and other positions.

In addition, you can also be a planning consultant in a management consulting company or engage in marketing. Some industries and companies will also provide performance rewards such as business commissions. It should be reminded that marketing is a breakthrough point for any graduate student, and it may be more appropriate for business administration majors to engage in marketing management and planning.

Case analysis of business administration

Case 1: Analysis of Employment Puzzlement and Outlet of Business Administration Major [1]

I. Introduction to Business Administration Major

The major of business administration has been established in China universities for more than ten years, but it has developed very rapidly. As a relatively abstract major, this major is offered in colleges and universities all over the country, and even in some normal colleges and universities. As an important branch of management, business administration is a highly applied subject. Based on the basic knowledge of management and economics, it studies how to make effective management and management decisions for enterprises by using the principles and methods of modern management. Its goal is to cultivate business administration professionals who can master the frontier theory and professional practical skills of business administration, and cultivate students with high humanistic and scientific literacy who can find, analyze and solve practical problems. Broadly speaking, the business administration major covers a wide range of professional fields, and there are more and more miscellaneous courses in each major, covering many courses of economics and management. The secondary major of business administration has its own characteristics in various universities, mainly including business administration, marketing, financial management, accounting, human resource management and other majors.

Second, the analysis of employment confusion of business administration major

In the process of China's economic transformation from quantity to quality, the economy has developed steadily, which has provided a good guarantee for China's talent absorption. With the reform of modern enterprise system, the demand for enterprise management talents will be increasing.

According to the statistics of authoritative organizations, the demand for professional managers in China will maintain a high-speed growth trend for a long time, especially there is a big gap between the actual demand and the effective supply of applied management talents. In the future, the demand of national enterprises and governments for business administration professionals will be about 265,438+million, and the demand of state-owned enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises, governments and other industries will be about 80,000, more than 800,000 and 50,000 respectively. At present, the annual demand for enterprise management talents in China is about 95,000, including 40,000 state-owned enterprises, 30,000 non-state-owned enterprises and 25,000 government and other institutions. However, there are only about 50,000 students majoring in business administration in the school, and about 1 10,000 students graduate every year, which is far from meeting the needs of society, resulting in demand far exceeding supply. Facing the huge gap in the demand for business administration talents in China, the employment situation of this major in colleges and universities across the country should be excellent, but the employment rate reflected from some colleges and universities is not satisfactory, and the employment situation of business administration students is not optimistic. Why is this? I have to be a little confusing.

Third, the analysis of the reasons for the employment confusion of business administration majors.

As one of the most common major categories in Chinese universities, the employment situation of its graduates is not optimistic. This is not only affected by the macroeconomic situation, but also reflected in the lack of competitiveness of business administration students in the job search process, which does not meet the market requirements, resulting in some market dislocations. The reason for this is the following：

1. Strong theoretical knowledge and serious lack of practical ability.

At present, in the teaching of this major in many colleges and universities, teachers and students are accustomed to the traditional teaching mode of exam-oriented education. Teachers speak on the stage, while students listen, take notes and memorize notes to cope with the exam. In the process of interactive teaching, students generally don't ask and answer questions actively, and they are often passive teachers who draw people. In practice, it is often a mere formality, emphasizing "quantity" rather than "quality". Some universities have clear practical teaching objectives and rich contents, and there are enough practical courses, but they are greatly reduced in actual implementation. Perhaps because of the expansion of enrollment, the school's venues, equipment, facilities and funds have been greatly restricted. In practice, due to the large number of students, it is impossible to have more experience to stimulate students' creative thinking and thinking ability to complete the task. Moreover, many students do not attach importance to the study of practical links, and many teachers in the school have no corporate work experience. All these lead to the disconnection between theoretical knowledge and practice, and students' professional skills and literacy can not meet the requirements of the post.

2. Lack of core competitiveness and its own characteristics

Judging from the curriculum of business administration major in colleges and universities, it is broad but not centralized. Generally, colleges and universities should learn professional knowledge in finance, human resources, accounting and investment, but the accumulation of professional knowledge and skills is far from enough, which leads to serious homogenization among business administration majors in colleges and universities. Of course, there is no way to talk about the so-called characteristics. Although many students have completed the prescribed theoretical and practical teaching according to the requirements of the training plan and feel that they know everything, they are often confused in the process of job hunting. In a certain department or job, they are at a loss and have a serious lack of self-confidence. From the micro level, students' lack of core competitiveness is also a reason for the low employment rate in many colleges and universities; From a macro point of view, the training mode, teaching plan and form of the school do not have their own characteristics, so the students trained have no characteristics at all.

3. The teaching content and results do not meet the market demand.

First of all, the teaching content, business administration is a practical major, and the teaching plan, teaching content and form are well done. Does not meet the market demand, but also draws water with a sieve. At present, a lot of domestic management economics knowledge is imported from abroad, and of course it is absorbed in the process of introduction. It will take a long time for the latest foreign information, knowledge and theory to spread and absorb in China. This may be because some college teachers generally don't read foreign original works and foreign documents, so they can't absorb foreign advanced things at the same time. Only by absorbing and publishing can China people know the latest knowledge. Therefore, some domestic textbooks are generally very old things from abroad. Secondly, according to the training plans and training objectives of some colleges and universities, what senior talents and practical talents are generally, and then look at the positions and situations of students' employment every year, we will find that the training objectives are too ambitious, which is quite different from what is claimed, that is to say, students who meet the market demand have not been trained, and many plans can also be found to be a mere formality. Many college students seem to have completed a great job as soon as they graduate, but few universities in China have established a professional evaluation mechanism to evaluate the training objectives and the quality of students in order to meet the needs of society.

Fourthly, the analysis of ways to improve the employment rate of students majoring in business administration.

We don't talk about specific work plans here, such as what measures schools should take to improve the employment rate of students, but analyze how to improve the employment rate of students from the perspective of cultivating the characteristics of business administration.

(1) Establish a "market-oriented" talent training model, and define the achievable training objectives. First of all, a professional development leaves the market demand, so it becomes a source without water. In the current situation that college students are generally difficult to find jobs, in order to cultivate popular business management talents in society, we must clearly understand and know what kind of talents the society needs, conduct special research on the demand of business management professionals every year, and prepare research reports, especially the survey of employers in the cities where colleges and universities are located. These should adhere to the "market-oriented" mechanism. Secondly, after understanding the social needs, the business administration major should make clear the training direction and goal of an achievable and assessable business administration major. On the basis of further cultivating students' solid professional quality, increase in-depth training. Broaden students' horizontal knowledge as much as possible in the study of basic courses, so that students can understand the development trend of this major and the needs of the future society, and at the same time let students know where their interests are and what professional direction they are suitable for. Of course, the grasp of this width should be different for each university. The cultivation of vertical knowledge is the embodiment of students' own characteristics, which is used to strengthen the training and accumulation of professional skills and enhance core competitiveness.

(2) Attach importance to practical teaching and establish a reasonable curriculum system. Strengthening practical teaching of business administration major is the key to improve students' core competitiveness. In the curriculum of business administration major in some colleges and universities, there is a phenomenon of emphasizing theory over practice, and the students and teachers themselves despise it, which greatly reduces the actual effect of practical teaching with limited class hours. Because management is an activity of applying knowledge to solve practical problems, before establishing a reasonable curriculum system, we should change the idea of attaching importance to theory and neglecting practice, and put practical teaching and theoretical teaching in the same or even more important position.

First of all, in terms of workload, it should not be calculated by class hours; Secondly, let students "go out" instead of sticking to the practice and training base of the school and visiting. Students should choose suitable enterprises to practice according to their professional interests, experience it by themselves, learn management in practice, cultivate management ability purposefully, be familiar with daily work processes and some work skills, and enhance employment competitiveness.

(3) Strengthen the cultivation of applied teachers. Without a group of professional teachers with excellent professional knowledge and rich practical experience, it is difficult to cultivate students with strong practical operation ability. At present, business administration teachers in some universities generally lack practical work experience in enterprises. In the course, they generally focus on single teaching, and their understanding of management theory is limited to theoretical understanding. The phenomenon of "teaching by the book" is inevitable, which affects the teaching effect. In view of the shortage of applied teachers, schools should strengthen the cultivation of applied teachers and improve them by "going out" and "inviting in".

The so-called "going out" is to encourage teachers to study in enterprises and let them learn the operation mode of enterprises and the management experience of various departments; The second is to encourage school teachers to start businesses. The process of starting a business is also a process of accumulating and learning experience, so as to realize the transformation from an academic teacher to a compound teacher with equal emphasis on academic and application. The so-called "please come in" means inviting some experienced managers at all levels of enterprises to the school to explain the actual management experience of enterprises to students, which is more enlightening and convincing to students.