What are the tourism resources that need to be developed and protected in the west?

Study on Tourism Resources Development and Environmental Protection in Western China

First, the current situation and existing problems of the development of tourism resources in western China

(A) the image of tourism is increasingly obvious, showing a good momentum of sustainable development.

The function and role of tourism in earning foreign exchange and promoting economic development are increasingly apparent in the western region. Governments at all levels pay more attention to the development of tourism to varying degrees, and the tourism awareness of the whole society has been continuously enhanced, and the industrial image has gradually become clear. As a new industry, tourism has rapidly increased its productivity and output level, and achieved phased results in product structure adjustment. Tourism began to change from "hotel industry" to "economic industry". International and domestic tourism shows a vigorous development momentum. Even a number of remote poverty-stricken areas with unique tourism resources have embarked on the road of stable poverty alleviation by vigorously developing local resources.

(2) The development of resources has begun to take shape, and tourism products have basically taken shape and have certain influence.

With the development of tourism, some mature tourist routes have been formed. Take Xi 'an as an example. Xi 'an is divided into five lines: East Line, West Line, South Line, North Line and Urban Area. Each line has its own characteristics. The eastern line is dominated by the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, the underground palace and Huaqing Pool, with Qin culture as the mainstay; The western line includes Xianyang Museum, Maoling, Ganling, Zhaoling, Huo Qubing's Tomb, Yang Guifei's Tomb and Famen Temple, mainly ancient tombs; The southern line includes Xingjiao Temple, Ji Xiang Temple, Du Fu Temple, Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai, Jiawutai Scenic Area, Zhashui Cave, Lantian Ape Site, Shuilu Temple, Tangyu, Jinyugou, Louguantai, Caotang Temple, Xianyou Temple and Taibai Mountain. , mainly natural landscapes. The northern line includes Sanyuan City God Temple, Yaowangshan Stone Carving, Yaozhou Kiln Museum, Huangdi Mausoleum, Sima Qian Temple, Hukou Waterfall and Yan 'an. It is mainly an ancient China culture. The urban area includes the city wall, Shaanxi History Museum, Beilin Museum, Wild Goose Pagoda and Jionji, Little Wild Goose Pagoda and Jianfu Temple, Banpo Museum, Grand Mosque, xi 'an Anming City Wall, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Qingliu Temple, Eighth Route Army Office, etc. According to the time and financial resources of tourists, there are many choices of tourism schemes. For example, the three-day and two-night tour in Xi 'an is the eastern route+urban area, the four-day and three-night tour is the eastern route+western route+urban area, the six-day and five-night tour is Huangdi Mausoleum+eastern route+western route+urban area, and the seven-day and six-night tour is Yan 'an+Hukou+Huangdi Mausoleum+eastern route+western route+urban area.

(3) The tourism infrastructure has been strengthened and the service system has achieved initial results.

The development since the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the Ninth Five-Year Plan has greatly improved the environmental quality of tourism hardware facilities and tourist attractions. The most outstanding achievement is the change of traffic conditions, such as high-grade and expressway. The construction of aviation facilities is particularly important for the western region, which is far away from the economic center and tourism market. Not only Kunming, Chengdu and other big cities and tourist center cities have built or expanded airports and increased routes, but also major tourist spots have built or are preparing to build or expand airports, such as Lijiang, Jiuzhaigou and Xishuangbanna. The level of tourism service has been greatly improved, and a tourist hotel service system with a certain grade and scale has basically formed. After solving the problem of "difficult accommodation", the hotel industry has changed from a tourism-oriented industry to a basic industry, reflecting the intensification of competition in the tourism market. Since then, the status and functions of travel agencies have been strengthened, and their outreach and internal capabilities have been continuously enhanced.

(D) The overall level of tourism development is still low, and regional development is quite different.

Less developed provinces lag behind in opening up and tourism starts late. At present, the overall development level of tourism in the western region is still low, with high speed and low quality, new industry and old order, and structural and functional imbalance coexisting. The industrial scale is small, accounting for a low share of the country, which is not commensurate with its outstanding resource advantages. The development of tourism varies greatly among provinces and regions. Shaanxi and Yunnan are more developed and occupy a larger share in this region. The tourism resources in Sichuan and Chongqing were developed earlier, and now they have a considerable scale, but there is still a big gap compared with Shaanxi and Yunnan. Regional differences are also manifested in the high concentration of tourism hotspots, concentrated in a few tourist routes, tourist center cities and surrounding areas, while the development of tourism resources in the vast western region is generally low or in a state of waiting for development.

(five) the main problems in the development of tourism resources.

1. The overall development of resources is not enough, and the industrial structure and quality are not ideal. The comprehensive development of most tourist attractions in the west is not enough, and the supply content is relatively simple. Cultural and natural sightseeing constitute the main forms of tourism, and other needs are difficult to meet, ignoring the development of participatory, leisure, interesting and folk customs tourism products. Many scenic spots do not fully explore their cultural connotations, pay no attention to the introduction of historical, story, function and other written materials, or are too specialized, and can only look at the scenery, which cannot meet the needs of most ordinary tourists. Because some scenic spots only focus on quantity expansion, repeated tourism products, uncoordinated artificial scenic spots and resource styles, and because of the division of construction departments and scattered goals, it is difficult to become a competitive fist product series.

2. The concept of big tourism industry has not really been established, and the lack of transportation and other facilities is still the limiting factor. The tourism structure is still in the incomplete, in-depth and asymmetric primary industrialization stage. There are many departments involved in the operation of tourism. On the one hand, there is overlapping management, on the other hand, there is a gap in management, which brings obstacles and inconvenience to tourism activities. Tourism management is chaotic and market governance is difficult. Although there are some tourism hardware facilities in the western region, due to the lack of scientific and systematic planning guidance, there are two problems: surplus and shortage. Especially in the tourist season, tourist hotlines and places with inconvenient transportation in mountainous areas. The influence of tourism on traffic is very sensitive. At present, the traffic has not formed a modern three-dimensional network, and there are few airports, routes and train sleepers, which makes it difficult to get in and out during the tourist season. The production and operation of tourism commodities are lack of unified management, and the requirements of tourism market are difficult to be reflected in the design, production and sales of commodities, resulting in low grade, monotonous varieties and lack of competitiveness. The scale of travel agency industry is unreasonable and the internal interest mechanism is not straightened out. The quality of tourism managers is poor, and there is a lack of tourism colleges and tourism training bases.

3. Without unified planning and coordination, it is difficult to form a "resultant force" and overall advantages. There is a lack of cooperation between enterprises in various provinces, cities and counties, and a lack of concept of safeguarding the overall interests of a larger region. The distribution of products is highly dispersed, and their products are divided into regions, without forming an aggregation center. The situation of multi-headed foreign countries has appeared in various places. Without joint promotion, the competitive low quotation makes the market reverse, leading to a vicious circle of competitive low quotation in tourism-tourists compete for low prices, service level declines, passenger dissatisfaction increases, comprehensive economic benefits of products decline, and the quotation is reduced after winning customers.

Second, the development conditions and opportunities of tourism in the western region

(A) the development of tourism resources with great potential

The tourism resources in the western region are very rich and distinctive, which is obviously different from that in the eastern region. The comprehensive advantages of its resources are as follows:

1. Tourism resources are of all types, high grade, strong characteristics and strong monopoly. The unique geographical environment has created various forms and magnificent western regions. The diverse climate types and complete biological systems are very different from those in the eastern region. Located at the source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the western region is the birthplace of the Chinese nation and has a long, rich and splendid ancient cultural heritage. For thousands of years, many ethnic groups in the western region have lived in harmony, each maintaining its own unique cultural customs and national temperament, creating a colorful national culture, a long national history and a rich national folk landscape. Yunnan's tourism resources along the border also provide broad prospects for the development of tourism in the western region. Among the tourist attractions in the western region, there are a number of world-class heritages, national key scenic spots, historical and cultural cities, key cultural relics protection units and China tourist ace scenic spots. Therefore, the types of resources in the western region are not only more than those in the eastern and central regions, but also rare in the world.

2. Tourism resources are widely distributed, and natural and human landscapes complement each other. The tourism resources in the western provinces are very rich and intensive, and the conditions are superior. Powerful and magical natural scenery and human landscape are often integrated, interdependent and contrasted, which provides favorable conditions for the construction of characteristic tourist areas and multi-objective comprehensive development. The spatial distribution and combination of tourism resources in the western region strengthen the advantages of resources in quantity and quality, show great development potential and lay a solid foundation for the development of tourism.

(2) Under the historical opportunity of the western development, the tourism industry has a bright future.

Tourism is a long industrial chain and labor-intensive industry, which is more in line with the reality of low quality of labor in remote areas. Therefore, tourism is an important starting point for the development of the western region. Building tourist attractions can also protect resources and improve the fragile ecological environment. The scenic spots to be developed in the west are basically concentrated in underdeveloped areas or poor areas. In order to further promote the development of tourism in these areas, the relevant state departments are working hard to formulate a series of support policies. For example, for the first time, the state decided to allocate 800 million yuan from the national debt issued in 2000 for the construction of tourism supporting facilities, including tourist roads, pedestrian roads, power supply and water supply, sewage discharge and garbage disposal, natural ecological environment and historical and cultural heritage landscape protection facilities in scenic spots, environmental management, tourism exhibition, consulting services and security facilities.

(3) The market prospect is broad, which provides a broad space for the development of tourism.

Since 1990s, especially since 1993, the national tourism industry has developed rapidly and the tourism market is booming. The international market has steadily expanded, and the foreign exchange income of international tourism has risen from the 20th place in the world to the 9th place in the world in 1986, and the number of tourists received is the 5th place in the world. Tourism revenue exceeds 654.38+0 billion USD, ranking first in the world in international tourism revenue. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, domestic tourism has also developed very rapidly. 1998 domestic tourism revenue is twice that of international tourism, showing a good development momentum. At present, the domestic tourism industry is developing rapidly, and the western tourism market is promising, which is welcoming the climax of inland tourism. The development opportunity of tourism in 2 1 century lies in the west.

Three, the western region tourism development strategy and layout

development strategy

Relying on the advantages of resources, we should seize the opportunity, expand our thinking, jump out of the previous model and framework, boldly innovate and seek new ways to develop tourism resources in the west. Tourism should be gradually promoted from the relatively developed near-western region to the resource-rich deep region, and tourism should be cultivated as a key industry and pillar industry in the western region as soon as possible.

Generally speaking, sightseeing products are the main products, supplemented by special products. In special areas such as the edge of snow-capped mountains and the hinterland of desert, which are difficult to reach by conventional tourism, special tourism and special tourism are the main directions. On the basis of deepening nature, history, cultural sightseeing, ancestor worship and religious pilgrimage, we will actively develop leisure, participatory and "new, strange, dangerous and special" tourism activities such as scientific research and exploration, national folklore, ecological leisure, cultural investigation, sports training and border transnational, and vigorously develop weekend entertainment, recuperation and vacation, business tourism and conference tourism.

(2) Accelerate the formation of tourist areas with their own characteristics.

1. Western Sichuan Natural Eco-tourism Zone: Jiuzhaigou-Huanglong Tourism Zone develops Songpan ancient city cultural tourism, Munigou sightseeing tourism, Zoige grassland sightseeing tourism, Xuebaoding Mountain hiking tourism, Danyunxia sightseeing tourism and camping tourism products; Build Jiuzhaigou Airport as soon as possible. Siguniang Mountain will build Wolong and Fengtongzhai nature reserves, develop Sanjiang rafting and kayaking projects, and develop Xiaojin and Danba cultural tourism products. Hailuogou Glacier Park has been built into the largest hot spring health tourism base in China and a large-scale alpine hot spring tourist destination in the world.

2. Bashu Cultural Scenic Spot in Sichuan Basin: Leshan-Emei Mountain Scenic Spot has the ability to provide a full set of cultural and natural sightseeing products for the international and domestic markets. Zigong-Zhuhai Tourist Area is a unique natural and historical scenic spot in China. In the near and medium term, preparations for the dinosaur park will be carried out and the construction of Zhuhai Resort will be started. In the medium and long term, the dinosaur park and Zhuhai Resort will be intensively developed.

3. East Yunnan Jianghu Dongfeng Wonder Tourist Area: While actively developing international tourism, develop lakes, forests and fields suitable for domestic tourists.

Pastoral farmhouses and other tourism products that return to nature, such as leisure, weekend vacations and summer vacations, have been built into tourist areas with the highest rate of revisiting tourists.

4. Scenic tourist areas of snow-capped mountains, volcanoes, rivers and canyons in western Yunnan: On the basis of tourism products such as snow-capped mountains and canyons, three parallel rivers, geothermal volcanoes and ethnic customs sightseeing, leisure tourism products such as alpine skiing and leisure vacation will be developed.

5. Xishuangbanna tropical ethnic customs tourist area: develop rich tropical animal and plant resources, highlight Dai customs, increase participatory and experiential ethnic customs tourism projects, and develop towards holiday tourism.

6. Chongqing Three Gorges Tourist Area: develop eco-cultural tourism, canyon scenery tourism and special tourism products (scientific research, exploration, folk customs and drifting taste).

Four. Countermeasures and suggestions for the development of tourism

(A) the establishment of a "special tourism zone", take the road of multi-channel investment and financing.

Under the special conditions of tourism resources development, tourism development is a complex systematic project, and there are too many departments and links that need to be organized and coordinated. It is necessary to set up "tourist special zones" selectively, adopt special policies and measures in specific areas, increase the intensity of opening to the outside world, and give a series of comprehensive preferential policies in investment, management and taxation, so as to solve thorny problems in development and promote the rapid development of tourism.

The development of tourism requires higher infrastructure, and the development of tourism in the western region should take the road of multi-channel investment and financing. First of all, we should actively set up a tourism development fund, establish a relatively fixed and reasonable channel for guiding funds, and ensure a certain investment intensity every year for the construction of key boutique projects. Adhere to the principle of "the state, localities, departments, collectives and individuals work together to jointly manage" and widely mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society to develop tourism. Create a good investment environment, provide preferential policies and good services to attract all kinds of investment. For example, foreign investors are allowed to lease scenic spots, develop resources and build infrastructure.

Deepen the reform of tourism system and promote the formation of large-scale tourism enterprise groups.

We will promote the reform of the system, focus on promoting the development of tourism enterprises to groups, and build and form a number of enterprise groups with regional and even national significance that can enter the capital market for direct financing by strengthening the horizontal alliance of tourism enterprises. Tourism groups can not only engage in tourism, but also invest in infrastructure construction or advantageous industries dominated by tourism. It is necessary to introduce and establish a modern enterprise management system, improve the quality and service level of the tourism industry team, calmly participate in domestic and foreign market competition, and improve scale efficiency and overall efficiency.

(C) strengthen the concept of grand tourism, adhere to the coordinated development of the six major elements of tourism

On the basis of unified planning, increase the construction of supporting facilities, especially the construction of water, electricity, roads, environmental protection and reception services in scenic spots, and establish the concept of supporting the development of six elements of tourism (travel, travel, housing, eating, shopping and entertainment).

(d) Promoting regional cooperation and establishing a tourism network system.

It is necessary to establish the concept of large area and form the agglomeration advantage of the western region. Establish a tourism network system, integrate all provinces into regional, national and international tourism links, and launch comprehensive tourism products with their own characteristics to enhance their competitiveness. At the same time, increase information communication, implement chain tourism management, and establish a large tourism market pattern.