Abies qinlingensis

A brief introduction to the plant morphology of Abies chensinensis in Qinling Mountains Gandel-Mazzetti, M.Y. Orr, A.B. Jackson, S.G. Harrison, etc. The merger of Abies qinlingensis and Abies fargesii. We think that although there are some similarities between the two species, they both have their own stable morphological characteristics and different distribution areas, and should be divided into two species. The main difference is that the leaves of Abies Qinling branches are mesophyte or nearly mesophyte, the seed scales of cones are kidney-shaped, the bract scales are 3/4 of the seed scales, and the seeds are longer than the seed wings.

The distribution area of growth habits is a tree species endemic to China, which is produced in the areas with an altitude of 2300-3000m in the south of Shaanxi, the west of Hubei and the south of Gansu. The model specimens were collected from Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province.

Application Value Abies qinlingensis is the best pulp raw material because of its flat, even and meticulous wood grain, light and soft weight, easy processing and weak nailing force. Abies gum can be extracted from the glue secreted by cortex. Abies gum is yellow-green, transparent, difficult to condense, has a special aromatic smell, and its refractive index is close to that of glass. It is an important adhesive for optical instruments and lenses. The content of needle aromatic oil is 0.2%-0.6%, and the oil content of seeds is 30%, which can be used to make soap; Bark contains tannin 5%- 15%.

Research value Because of its antiquity and heritability, Abies Qinling is of great value to the study of species formation and flora. It coexists with dinosaur fossils, which has important reference value in reproducing the ancient ecological environment in which dinosaurs lived and studying the rise and fall of dinosaurs and geological changes.

Ornamental value Abies Qinling has a beautiful shape and its crown is like a giant umbrella. Despite the vicissitudes of life, it still has beautiful stems and leaves, tall and straight. It is a work of art and has high ornamental value in gardening.

Medicinal value The pith of Abies qinlingensis can be used as medicine. Spicy, slightly bitter, flat; It can dispel wind and remove dampness, strengthen bones and muscles, clear away heat and relieve cough. It is often used to treat traumatic injury, rheumatic joint pain, lung heat cough, and prevent influenza, meningitis, nephritis, edema, kidney deficiency, lumbago, metrorrhagia, abdominal pain, ascaris lumbricoides, pinworm, rinderpest, etc. It can be used externally to treat tinea. The pulp of its stem contains about 27.44% starch, which can be extracted as a substitute for food. Its rhizome has the function of clearing away heat and promoting digestion.

Endangered reason II. The population pattern of Abies qinlingensis under different development stages and different habitat conditions basically belongs to aggregation distribution, and the aggregation intensity is greater in 25 m~2, 150 m~2 and 300 m~2 areas. Under natural conditions, the maximum sampling scale of population aggregation intensity may be the best area for population renewal. With the increase of altitude, the aggregation intensity decreases; The scale with the strongest aggregation is smaller at altitude 1500~ 1700 m and larger at altitude 1700~2 100 m; The population distribution and aggregation intensity of shady slope are greater than that of sunny slope. With the increase of population age, the distribution pattern changed from aggregation type to random type, and the aggregation intensity weakened. The strongest aggregation scale is 50 m2 for young adults and 300 m2 for old people.

3. Most Abies Qinling populations have fewer young individuals and larger middle-aged individuals, showing a downward trend; The analysis of life tables and survival curves of different Abies chensinensis populations shows that the survival curves are basically close to Diwei ⅲ type, although the habitat conditions are different. The deviation of different populations from the typical survival curve is related to the lack of seedlings, and the mortality rate of ⅲ-ⅴV age group is generally higher. Time series analysis shows that in the next 20 years, 40 years and 80 years, the population of old Abies will first increase and then decrease, which makes it difficult to keep the population stable for a long time.

4. The empty seed rate of Abies qinlingensis is as high as 365438 0%; 45% of the full seeds are vigorous, which reflects the high abortion rate of Abies qinlingensis seeds. The average water content of seeds is about 5.7%, and the germination rate of naturally dispersed seeds is only 6. 12%. The principal component analysis method was used to analyze the 10 environmental factors affecting the seed germination of Abies qinlingensis. It was found that tree layer coverage, soil organic matter content, human disturbance and humidity were the most important factors affecting the seed germination of Abies qinlingensis. In the natural environment, the seeds are destroyed by squirrels, mice, birds and other animals, and the clearance rate is as high as 94.22%. Under the same storage conditions, the sowing environment has a significant effect on the germination rate of seeds. The nursery with loose texture and good air permeability is beneficial to the germination of Abies qinlingensis seeds, and its germination rate can reach 54%.

5. The natural enemy, the bark beetle, is a dry-eating pest, which mainly harms weak and dying trees. Many firs have poor resistance, so insects take advantage of it and deposit in the growth layer between bark and trunk, which is very destructive.

On February 2, 2004, 65438, Henan Daily reported the serious consequences of Abies shiren's death due to over-exploitation of tourism under the title of "living fossil". The report aroused strong repercussions throughout the country, and the media at home and abroad paid attention to it, which attracted the attention of provincial leaders.

The death of fir is not the result of species competition, and there is no reason for the succession of the community itself. Fir is in the best state of its niche. Tourism development leads to local environmental changes in scenic spots. Stone people receive a large number of tourists every year, and management and service personnel eat and live in the mountains all the year round, which makes the environmental temperature along the way rise. It is required to immediately dismantle all buildings in the area where Abies Qinling is distributed, gradually dismantle all buildings in the core area of nature reserve, and restore the original vegetation as soon as possible; Organize relevant experts to evaluate the environmental capacity of Shiren mountain tourism development, and limit the number of people going up the mountain during the peak period of holiday tourism.

Shennongjia, Shenping and Taibai Mountain have established nature reserves, so we should strengthen the protection of Abies Qinling, promote natural regeneration, carry out propagation and introduction, and expand its distribution area.

Breeding, propagation, sowing and seedling raising

The maturation of fir seeds goes through two stages. The 1 stage is the transport of nutrients from seed scales to seeds. The second stage is the post-ripening stage, that is, the metabolic changes of the seeds themselves, and it is not suitable to thresh immediately after harvest. Seeds are brittle and easy to get hurt, so it is advisable to remove wings by hand. Seeds can be stored for 5 years at low temperature. Sowing in the open field is carried out in the middle and late March.

Sowing site should be in a cool environment and wet, well-drained acid soil. The 1000-grain weight is 10.2- 14.0g, 7 10/0,000-98,000 grains /kg. Before sowing, the stratification should be wetted at 1-5℃ to promote germination 14-28d. Drill sowing, the ditch depth is 2cm, the sowing amount is 30-40kg/667m2, the seeds can't be seen by burning marl, and the rice straw is covered.

Unearthed in the first half of May, the grass was uncovered several times, and the shed was shaded. 1a seedlings are 4-6cm high, and 1a seedlings still need shade. In the third spring, the seedlings should be transplanted in a humid environment. If the shade degree is not enough, it is necessary to build a shade shed or plant shade plants. Abies tomentosa, also known as Abies Minjiang (A. faxoniana), has a seedling yield of 400,000-500,000 plants /667 square meters, and a seedling height of 1a is 25-30cm. Afforestation often needs to cultivate 4-6a. If it is used for landscaping seedlings, it needs 10a cultivation and can be used for afforestation.

Cutting seedling

Branches of young mother trees should be used as cuttings, and the cutting time of dormant branches should be 2-3 months; Semi-mature branches were planted in the middle and late June, and took root about 100d after transplanting.

afforestation method

The initial growth is slow, and 5- 10a saplings are mostly used for afforestation or greening. 1Transplanting with clay balls from early October to mid-February or from mid-February to late March. Young trees are afraid of hot sun and high temperature, so they should be planted in a suitable environment.