How to Develop Historical and Cultural Tourism Resources

(1) Principles of historical site resources development

(1) principle of protection according to law

The utilization of tourist resources of historical sites should be based on the full protection of historical sites, and any measures that are not conducive to the protection and damage of historical sites are not allowed. In the process of development, we should fully implement the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics and the Regulations on the Implementation of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics, and implement the policy of "protection first, rescue first, strengthening management and rational utilization". Do a good job in site protection, improve various protection measures, and ensure the sustainable utilization of tourism resources.

(2) The principle of systematic planning and scientific development.

Take the overall situation into account, make overall plans, moderately advance, obey the overall planning of provinces and cities, echo with the surrounding areas, and give consideration to social benefits and people's livelihood projects. Site protection should be combined with tourism development, comprehensive protection should be combined with local development, site development management measures should be combined with tourism landscape construction technical measures, intangible cultural tourism development should be combined with eco-tourism development, regional economic structure adjustment and optimization should be combined, and the overall economic development, short-term development and long-term development of the site should be combined. Focus on short-term implementation projects and rationally plan medium and long-term projects. Do a good job in supporting key scenic spots, improve comprehensive reception capacity, and enhance market competitiveness and attractiveness. Realize the systematic, scientific and dynamic sustainable development of historical sites and promote the rolling development of regional tourism development and construction.

③ The principle of restoring the original humanistic environment.

According to the principles of scientificity, foresight and operability, the protection of the site itself, the restoration of the historical environment and the construction of the ecological environment will be integrated. On the premise of not disturbing the remains of the site, we should ensure the authenticity and integrity, minimize the interference to the ontology of tourist resources of historical sites, protect the authenticity of the ontology of cultural relics and protect the integrity of cultural relics and their environment. Build and improve the good ecology, environment and landscape in harmony with the tourist resources of scenic spots and historical sites, protect and restore the original historical and humanistic environment and natural features of scenic spots and historical sites, fully explore the connotation of scenic spots and historical sites, and display the historical and humanistic values contained in the tourist resources of scenic spots and historical sites to the maximum extent, so as to create favorable conditions for the effective and rational utilization of scenic spots and historical sites.

(4) The principle of differentiating treatment and adapting measures to local conditions.

There are different types of historical sites in China, including residential sites, industrial sites, military and commercial sites, water conservancy projects and modern revolutionary sites. From the development point of view, it is also very uneven, some develop earlier, and some are still in the initial or even complete protection stage. Different types of development show different cultural connotations and external manifestations; The development goals and tasks at different stages are different. In the process of development, on the basis of fully considering the distribution, preservation and cultural attributes of various sites and relics, the initial goal and task of developing tourist resources of historical sites is to attract more tourists to visit and consume; The goal and task of developing the tourism resources of early historic sites is to improve the exhibition effect, improve the image, brand building, publicity and management measures.

⑤ The principle of experiencing tourism development

Experience tourism is the development direction of tourism. With the rapid development of modern society and the continuous improvement of people's knowledge level, the development of site tourism resources should not only stay at the level of building museums and explaining by tour guides, but also let tourists integrate into the site by exploring the cultural connotation of the site, increase the participation of tourists and improve the attractiveness of resources. For example, in the new protection plan, the tunnel warfare site in Ran Zhuang, Hebei Province will be built into a national-level patriotic education comprehensive activity area with the theme of showing the history and culture of the tunnel warfare revolution and integrating comprehensive visits, experience activities and leisure and entertainment. Visitors can watch exhibitions here and learn about the history of tunnel warfare; Drill tunnels, visit anti-Japanese houses, eat anti-Japanese meals, watch anti-Japanese movies, and even fight a "tunnel war" in person to truly experience the fighting life during the Anti-Japanese War. In the development of industrial sites or workshop sites, visitors can personally experience the process of making products.

(2) The concept of the development of historic tourism resources.

① the concept of ecological protection of sustainable development

The ecological protection concept of sustainable development is one of the main concepts that should be followed in the development and utilization of historic tourism resources at present. Its significance is not only to protect the original natural ecological environment of historical sites when they are used, but more importantly, how to realize a sustainable and dynamic protection model in the use. Its dynamic protection is to bring the historic tourism resources into the local ecological protection system, cultural tourism development system and cultural relics protection system; We should integrate many factors, such as history, reality, nature and humanity, and study, protect, develop and utilize historical heritage from the overall concept, instead of treating it in isolation and stillness. The sustainability of the protection of historic tourism resources includes two aspects: one is the sustainable protection of historic sites and their carriers; The first is the sustainable development of the environment where historical sites are located. It includes not only the sustainable protection of entities, but also a new understanding of values.

② the theory of "ecological museum"

Ecological museum refers to a museum that preserves the remains and living conditions of human groups under the original geographical, social and cultural conditions. In other words, historical sites should be protected and preserved in their original state and dynamic environment. In a sense, the heritage environment is equivalent to the building area of a "museum". In other words, in the ecological museum, people will no longer look at the results from the bookshelves of the museum, but look at the process in front of and behind the house-a series of cultural factors such as cultural heritage, natural landscape, architecture, movable objects, traditional customs and so on have specific value and significance. The concept of ecological museum was first put forward by Frenchman Rever in 1970s. He advocated that a whole area should be regarded as a museum, and natural ecology and historical sites should be integrated into the overall environment of modern people's lives, so as to achieve the purpose of preserving and improving the overall environment of modern people's lives. Its birth reflects the awakening of modern environmental consciousness and modern ecological consciousness of human society. In the concept of eco-museum, the most important is the principle of regional protection and the basic concept of preserving natural environment and cultural heritage in the same environment, which fully meets the requirements of Xi Declaration. We can use the mode of "ecological museum" to develop and utilize the tourist resources of historical sites. Protect and show the dynamic environment, natural landscape and relics of the site to the public, and develop and protect it with the overall concept [1].

(3) The development mode of tourism resources of the site.

At present, there are four main modes of site protection, development and utilization in China:

① Ruins Park

It is to build the whole site area into a site park, which is the most common way in China. It not only protects the site well, but also improves the local environment through the construction of the park, providing residents with places for leisure and entertainment, and is also a base for displaying excellent history and culture and carrying out patriotic education. At present, there are three different types of ruins parks in China: the first one is the reserved ruins in the park, which become a part of the park landscape, such as Leifeng Tower in West Lake Park and Chongli Tower in Wangjiang Park in Chengdu; The second category is that the site itself can become a park, such as Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park; The third category is archaeological sites park, which emphasizes the display and authenticity of cultural relics, such as Daming Palace Site Park and Qujiangchi Site Park.

② Tourist attractions

Many sites are located in scenic spots. In the process of scenic spot development, the site is regarded as a scenic spot of tourist attractions, and it is displayed and developed under the premise of strict protection. For example, Su Shi's former residence in Leshan Giant Buddha Tourist Area, Sean Temple in Sean Temple-Zibaishan Tourist Area, Langyatai Site in Qingdao, Hechuan Fishing City in Chongqing, etc. It is rich in ancient human resources and natural landscape, and tourism products are comprehensively developed by using natural and human resources to form a characteristic tourist scenic spot integrating history, culture and landscape.

③ Site Museum

Site museum refers to the museum established on the original site of the site of the site formed by natural or human activities, including memorial halls with museum functions and cultural relics protection units.

Chinese civilization has a long history, and a large number of sites, relics and relics are preserved both on the ground and underground. In order to protect historical sites and spread history and culture at the same time, China adopted the model of establishing museums to protect, display and publicize its cultural connotation. The biggest feature of the site museum is that it is built on the original site formed by natural reasons or human activities. Its specific historical and cultural background, geographical location and natural environment can reflect the level of social productivity, religious beliefs and many aspects of social life at that time, and it is an important link in the history of nature or human society. By showing the formation and changes of the site itself, the site museum lets the public know about the past and becomes an important link between the past and the present. For example, in 1925, the first site museum in China, the Beijing Palace Museum, was established, and in 1958, the first site museum on the original site of archaeological excavation, the Banpo Museum in Shaanxi, was established. Today, there are hundreds of heritage museums all over the country. In just a few decades, the China Heritage Museum has experienced a rapid development process, and has become an important place to visit because of its unique cultural characteristics and external performance.

④ Historical, cultural and agricultural parks of the site.

There are many sites in China, with a large area and many residents. At present, it is difficult for the country to allocate a large amount of funds to empty the population and protect the site resources like developed countries. Therefore, it is a realistic practice to build a historical and cultural agricultural park in the ruins area. For example, Chang 'an City in the Han Dynasty has a huge area and more than 50,000 residents, mainly engaged in agricultural management. In order to effectively protect the site, we can develop urban agriculture and build sightseeing agricultural parks, citizens' leisure experience agricultural parks and modern high-tech agricultural parks in the site area.