Investigation report composition

Investigation report is an applied style. Based on an in-depth investigation and understanding of a specific object, the subject of the investigation reveals the essence of the thing through accurate induction, scientific analysis and research, and draws a conclusion that is consistent with reality, thus forming a reporting application document. It is a tool for transmitting investigation and research results, a bridge for transforming them into social benefits and playing a social role, and provides a basic basis for decision-making and adjustment of decisions

1. Main types

[1 ]

(1) Survey report introducing typical experiences

A certain region, a certain unit, and a certain enterprise, in the process of implementing various principles and policies of the party and the country, Or have achieved outstanding results in daily ideological and political, economic construction, scientific education, etc. In order to reflect their specific practices and secrets of success, we can conduct a special investigation on them and then write an investigation report. This type is A survey report presenting the experience. Survey reports that introduce experience are somewhat similar to those types of work communications that mainly reflect work achievements. The difference is that the investigation report focuses on the investigation, with special emphasis on the description and enumeration of the investigation process and the data obtained from the investigation. Take recent such investigative reports as examples: "The Poor Mountains Are All Articles Today - A Survey on the Development of Mountainous Areas in Meizhou City, Guangdong" published by People's Daily on December 18, 1999, and "Relying on the Mountains" published on December 23, 1999 Famous Brands Win the Market - A Survey on Shenzhen Fiyta (Group) Co., Ltd." and "If you don't believe in the people's hearts, you can't get them back - The importance of doing a good job in ideological and political work in rural areas from the changes in five towns in Ningxiang County" published on the same day sex". These investigative reports introduce several successful experiences in terms of rural mountainous area development, large-scale enterprise construction, and ideological and political work.

(2) Investigation report that reveals problems

Contrary to the previous type, this is an investigation into a certain existing problem to reveal the various phenomena and underlying causes of the problem. The main purpose of the investigative report. Its main function is to expose and criticize, explore the causes of problems, analyze the crux of the problem, and provide ideas and methods to solve the problem. Investigative reports that reveal problems are also a relatively common style of investigative reports. "Financial Investigation of a Wealthy Neighborhood Committee" published by "China Youth Daily" on December 22, 1999, "How Difficult It is to Protect the Rights of Migrant Workers" published by "People's Daily" on December 9, 1999, December 18, 1999 "How can government decisions be changed overnight - A market in Wenling City, Zhejiang was blocked from opening after its completion" published by the "People's Daily" belongs to this type of investigation report.

(3) Investigation report reflecting new things

This is an investigation report written for something that has recently emerged or has recently developed significantly in social reality. In real society, new things are always emerging. Do these new things show a certain trend in social development and have bright development prospects, or are they short-lived and accidental phenomena? Should we be positive about these new things, or should we be sufficiently vigilant? The stylistic function of an investigation report reflecting new things is to comprehensively report the background, situation and characteristics of a new thing, analyze its nature and significance, and point out its development rules and prospects. For new things, the final opinion of the investigation report can be affirmative. For example, the "Investigation Report on "Zhongguancun Electronic Street" published by "People's Daily" on January 15, 1985, in Zhongguancun, known as "China's Silicon Valley" After conducting an investigation into the electronic market, we believe that it provides new ideas for the reform of science and technology, education, and economic systems, and is worthy of full recognition. However, we can also hold a questioning or discussion attitude towards the current status of some new things. For example, the social survey "Why the Development of Personal Housing Loans is Slow" published by "People's Daily" on December 9, 1999, the personal housing loans investigated It is a new thing in China, but its development situation is not ideal. What is the reason? The authors reveal several factors that create barriers.

(4) Investigation report on social conditions

This is an investigation report written on some social conditions. The social situation mentioned here mainly refers to the basic situation of all aspects of people's lives such as social atmosphere, people's wishes, marriage and love, support, food, clothing, housing and transportation. Although this type of survey report does not directly reflect major issues such as politics and economy, people's lives are closely related to politics and economy. In addition, these are also some of the issues that the public is most concerned about. Therefore, various news media attach great importance to reporting in this field. China Youth Daily, Wen Wei Po, etc. have all opened special pages for public investigations. Survey reports such as "Beijing People's Travel Notes - Survey on Tourism Consumption of Beijing Residents in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai" and "How Chinese Couples Live" are all of this type.

Edit this paragraph 2. Formal structure

From an external perspective, the investigation report consists of four parts: title, preface, main body, and conclusion.

(1) Title

1. Single title: formulaic writing. The formulaic writing method is to prepare the title according to the formula of "survey object + survey topic + style name". For example, "Financial Investigation of a Wealthy Neighborhood Committee" is such a title, in which "a wealthy neighborhood committee" is the object of the investigation, "finance" is the investigation topic, and "investigation" shows that the style is the investigation report.

The advantage of writing in this way is that the elements are clear. Readers will know at a glance what unit it is written about, what issues it involves, and the genre is also very clear. The disadvantage of writing this way is that it is too stereotyped and not fresh and lively enough. Conventional article title writing. The specific methods are flexible and diverse. You can use a question as a title, such as "What reading materials do children need?" 》. It can show the author's own point of view, such as "How difficult it is for many migrant workers to protect their rights." The facts can be stated directly, such as "Three Children Go to Snake Island". You can use images to imply the content of the article, such as ""Aircraft Carrier" Chasing the Waves of the Economic Ocean". There are many ways to write them, so I won’t list them one by one. 2． Double titles: Double titles consist of main and subtitles. The main title is generally written in the way of regular article titles. The specific methods are as mentioned above. The subtitle is written in a formulaic way and consists of the survey object, survey topic, and style name. For example, "Trouble over clarifying property rights—an investigation into the forced takeover of a collective enterprise in Taiyuan City."

(2) Foreword

The preface of an investigation report is generally arranged according to the structural sequence of the main body of the material. The following types are commonly used: 1. Summary type: The summary type is to summarize the main situation of the investigation object and write it at the beginning, so that the reader will have a general understanding of its basic situation as soon as they enter the article. For example, the beginning of "Winning the Market with Famous Brands—A Survey on Shenzhen Fiyta (Group) Co., Ltd.": Fiyta (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Fiyta) is a company mainly engaged in the production of watches. A large enterprise established in Shenzhen in 1987. In the fertile soil of reform and opening up in the special economic zone, the company unremittingly implemented the famous brand strategy and finally caught up with the highly competitive watch industry. After twelve years of hard work, Fiyta has developed from a small watch factory into a listed company with total assets of more than 800 million yuan and annual profits of 80 million yuan, becoming a leader in its domestic peers. This beginning gives a general introduction to the development and main achievements of Fiyta Company, and provides an outline to guide the whole text. 2． Explanation style: Simply explain the purpose, method, time, scope, background, etc. of the investigation at the beginning, so that readers can understand the process and basic situation of the investigation when entering the article. The article "Survey on the Sales of Household Sewing Machines in Beijing" begins like this: In order to enhance planning, strengthen the management of household sewing machines, and better grasp the market sales trends, we have adopted the method of visiting business units and analyzing historical data. , conducted a survey on the sales of household sewing machines in Beijing over the years as well as the current social ownership and market demand changes. After analysis, it is believed that except for Shanghai sewing machines, which are in short supply in the Beijing market, the sales of other brands of sewing machines in Beijing have become saturated. This beginning includes several aspects such as purpose, method, scope and conclusion. Generally speaking, it is an explanatory beginning. 3． Question format: Ask a question at the beginning to draw the reader's attention to the topic of investigation and prompt the reader to think. This kind of opening can introduce the problem by asking questions, or you can directly put the problem out. For example, the beginning of "The Road to Success in Developing a Socialist Market Economy in Rural Areas - A Survey on the Integration of Trade, Industry and Agriculture, and One-stop Operation of Production, Processing and Marketing": In recent years, with the deepening of rural reform and the development of the commodity economy, the integration of trade, industry and agriculture has The one-stop business model of chemicalization, production and sales is rapidly emerging in rural areas of our country. As soon as it appeared, it showed strong vitality and great advantages, injecting new vitality into the development of rural economy. What effect does this management method have on the transformation of my country's agriculture into commercialization and modernization? What policies should be adopted to support its development? We conducted investigations on these issues and held discussions with relevant comrades from 10 counties (cities), and formed some political knowledge. There is also the beginning of "Trouble over Clarification of Property Rights - Investigation into the Forced Takeover of a Collective Enterprise in Taiyuan City": It is originally a good thing for enterprises to demand that property rights be clarified in accordance with relevant laws, regulations and government regulations. However, a collective enterprise in Taiyuan City was forcibly taken over by the district government department because of its clear property rights and was paralyzed. The company took two departments of the district government to court. It has been more than a year and the deadline for the trial has long passed, but the court has yet to make a decision. The first paragraph is written with questions first, while the second paragraph directly exposes the problem in a narrative way, both of which are question-style writing.

(3) Main body

The words after the preface and before the conclusion belong to the main body. The material in this part is rich and the content is complex. The most important problem in writing is the arrangement of the structure. There are three main structural forms: 1. Connecting materials with viewpoints: The main body is composed of several levels that express basic viewpoints from different aspects, and the basic viewpoints are used as the central clue to tie them together. For example, the main body of the investigation report "Guiding Farmers to Increase Income in accordance with the Laws of Market Economy - Investigation in Weishan County, Shandong Province" published by "People's Daily" on December 9, 1999 is in this form. It consists of four parts: "grasp the law and grasp the fundamental", "grasp the market demand and give full play to its own advantages", "focus on market competition and strengthen alliance and collaboration", "follow the law of value and promote the four modernizations of agriculture". '". These four parts are connected by the basic ideas shown in the title. 2． Classification and layering based on the properties of materials. Investigation reports with relatively single topics and relatively scattered materials can use this structure. After analysis and induction, the author sorted the materials into several types according to their different properties. Each type of material was gathered together for expression, forming a level. You can add a subtitle or serial number before each level, or not.

For example, the investigation report "People's Heart Can't Be Restored If You Don't Believe - The Importance of Doing Rural Ideological and Political Work Based on the Changes in Five Townships in Ningxiang County" published by "People's Daily" on December 23, 1999, respectively, from the reasons, measures, The revelation focuses on three aspects and is written at three major levels. The reasons are summarized into five points, and the revelations are also summarized into three points, forming several small levels under the large level. 3． The different stages of the investigation process naturally form hierarchies. Investigation reports with a single incident and strong process nature can adopt this structural form. It actually uses time as a clue to plan the layout of the article, similar to the chronological order of narrative writing. On December 16, 1999, the article "Secret Investigation into Illegal Invoice Transactions in Front of Beijing Railway Station" published in the "Journalist Investigation" column of "People's Daily" contained the following content: At 15:35 on December 6, the reporter was in the east of Beijing Railway Station. When I exited the station, I met the first person selling invoices. Before crossing the road, I met four or five other young men selling invoices. After crossing the road, I was stopped and entangled by an invoice seller wearing a brown leather jacket and couldn't get away. In front of the station, I met the first person selling invoices. On the northeast side of the T-junction, I encountered several men and women selling invoices. This kind of writing method with a clear process can improve readers' interest in reading.

(4) Ending

Investigation reports often show the author’s point of view at the end, summarizing and sublimating the content of the main part. Therefore, its ending is often an important one. part. There are three common ways of writing: 1. Summarize the full text and clarify the main point. At the end, summarize the full text on an ideological footing, such as the end of the "Investigation Report on the Management Experience of Handan Iron and Steel Plant": The practice of Handan Iron and Steel has proved that state-owned enterprises can adapt to the establishment of a socialist market economy. The system requires that the business mode must be transformed on the basis of the transformation of the business mechanism, and the economic growth mode must be effectively transformed. Only in this way can the internal potential of the enterprise be fully tapped and the overall quality and market competitiveness of the enterprise improved. Handan Iron and Steel's approach provides reference experience for state-owned enterprises to implement two fundamental transformations of overall significance from the traditional planned economic system to the socialist market economic system, and from extensive management to intensive management. Such an ending provides a sober rational understanding. 2． Point out problems and inspire thinking. If some existing problems have not attracted people's attention, and it is impossible for the author to propose solutions to the problems if they are restricted by various factors, then just point out the problems, attract the attention of relevant parties, or inspire People's thinking on this issue is also very valuable. For example, the end of the article "Undercover Investigation of Illegal Invoice Trading in Front of Beijing Railway Station": The reporter then moved to several places and left in front of Beijing Railway Station at 16:10. During these 40 minutes, I met about 20 illegal people selling invoices. Judging by their accents, most of them are foreigners. It seems from their words and deeds that they know what they are doing is illegal. There are many public security and security personnel maintaining order in squares and intersections. Perhaps it is commonplace, but the reporter did not see them coming to stop this illegal behavior. Who should control the phenomenon of illegal invoice transactions and how? The author points out this issue and believes it will attract the attention of relevant departments. 3． Make suggestions for the problem. After revealing the relevant problem, provide some feasible suggestions for solving the problem. For example, on November 23, 1999, "People's Daily" published a special survey "Human Consumption, How Can People Bear You!" ” wrote a suggestive ending: In the situation where the consumption of favors has become a trend, it is difficult for one person or unit to stop big things from happening fundamentally. For example, when drinking wedding wine, it is often a notice. If the scope is large, people will be disgusted. If the scope is small, people who have not received the notice will also have opinions. Curbing the consumption of favors, establishing new types of interpersonal relationships, and advocating new social trends is a social system project that requires the joint efforts of all departments at all levels. First, we must strengthen publicity and education. Advocate new things and new things to do, be diligent and thrifty in running the household, practice strict economy, and establish new socialist interpersonal relationships. During the festival, newspapers, radio stations, and television stations can organize special columns and programs for publicity. The cultural department should select a number of excellent videos (mainly about weddings, funerals, new events, and new events) to be played in various towns, villages, and villages. Through extensive and in-depth publicity and education, people can establish a correct view of human consumption. Secondly, we must establish social norms. Establish red and white councils in government agencies, enterprises and institutions to promote frugality in organizing red and white events. Establish a restraint mechanism to guide, standardize and manage favor consumption. The third is strict inspection. Cadres who engage in extravagant activities and even take advantage of the opportunity to make money must be dealt with severely until they are exposed in the news media. Three suggestions were put forward to solve the serious problem of favor consumption, including many practical measures.