How to write a research report on Qinhuangdao's natural geographical environment

Qinhuangdao City is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, east longitude 1 18 33' to19 51',north latitude 39 22' to 40 37', Yanshan in the north, Bohai in the south, east-west width 74km, north and south. Qinhuangdao city is high in the north and low in the south, showing a ladder-like distribution. Geomorphological types can be roughly divided into mountainous hills and plains. The northern mountainous area belongs to the eastern part of Yanshan Mountain, with an elevation of 200~ 1000m, the main peak is alone, with an elevation of 1846m, and the mountainous area and small inter-mountain basins are alternately distributed, covering an area of 4503 km2, accounting for 58. 1% of the total area of the city. The southern foot of the mountain belongs to the hilly area of eastern Hebei, with an altitude of 50-200m and an area of 1852km2, accounting for 23.9% of the total area of the city. The southern part is flood plain and alluvial plain, which inclines from northwest to southeast. Among them, there are depressions, residual puddles and sand belts, and sand dunes are widely distributed along the coast. The area is 1395 km2, accounting for 18% of the total area. The geological structure of this city is located in the east of Liao Yan subsidence zone and the northeast edge of North China depression zone. The stratum outcrop is relatively complete. The Mesozoic Yanshanian intrusive rocks have the largest distribution area. Widely exposed in the north, east and northeast, the rocks are mainly granite. Dushan, Laoling and Jieshi Mountain are the representatives of this stratum. Quaternary sedimentary strata are distributed in valleys, foothills and coastal plains, and are part of North China Plain. The geological structure is characterized by fault changes, and the basement faults are active in multiple stages, which affects the landform differentiation, water system distribution and spring water exposure in the city. There are all kinds of rocks here, which have a great influence on the distribution of groundwater in the city. Limestone is rich in groundwater, and the quality of fissure water in granite area is excellent. The groundwater of Quaternary aquifer in piedmont plain and coastal plain area is shallow and thick, with abundant reserves and good water quality. Qinhuangdao has a warm temperate and semi-humid monsoon climate. Winter is controlled by Siberian continental air mass, with cold and dry weather and scarce snowfall. The average daily temperature below 0℃ is cold weather, which lasts about1100 days from the end of10 to the middle of March of the following year. Spring is very short, affected by denatured cold air, the weather is changeable, there are many strong winds, precipitation is still scarce, evaporation is large, and spring drought often occurs. Summer is affected by subtropical high, which is hot and rainy, but there is no high temperature period due to ocean regulation. Affected by topography, the windward slope in mountainous areas often forms a rainstorm center. In autumn, the air mass in the polar continent is gradually strengthened, the weather is clear and the temperature drops rapidly. The annual average temperature in the city is 8~ 1 1℃, the highest temperature is Changli county 1 1℃, and the lowest temperature is 8.9℃ in Qinglong county. The highest monthly average temperature is July, which is 24. 1~24.5℃, and the extreme value is 40.3℃ (Changli county1961June, 10), and the lowest monthly average temperature is1/kloc-. Precipitation. The average annual precipitation in the city is 658.0 mm (1956 ~1993), and the regional distribution of precipitation decreases from north to south. The annual precipitation in the mountainous area north of the Great Wall is 682. 1 mm, with an average maximum area of 800 mm, in the mountainous area of Shihe River Basin in the east, 687. 1 mm, and in the southern coastal area, 620.0 mm.. The annual precipitation varies greatly, with the maximum annual precipitation of 1273.5mm (urban area 1.969) and the minimum annual precipitation of 332.9mm (lulong county urban area 1.982). Rainfall is unevenly distributed in a year, mainly in the flood season (June-September). Its annual average precipitation is 533.5mm, accounting for about 865,438+0.1%of the annual average. More than 550mm along the Great Wall, 530mm in the northern mountainous area, 500mm in the southern plain and 560mm in the eastern mountainous area of Shihe River Basin. The precipitation from 10 to February is the least, accounting for 7.5% of the annual average precipitation, and from March to May it accounts for 1 1.3%. According to the statistics of hydrological department, the average land evaporation in the city for many years is 504.6mm, 523mm in the northern mountainous area, below 450mm in the upper reaches of Shihe River and Dongyang River, and 537mm in the southern plain area of Jingshan Railway. The average annual evaporation is 1050 mm (measured by E60 1 evaporator), 950~ 1050mm along the Great Wall and10 mm in the plain area south of Jingshan Railway. Evaporation is unevenly distributed in the year, with the largest amount from April to June, accounting for 465,438+0.65,438+0% of the annual evaporation. The rivers in Qinhuangdao belong to Luanhe River system, which is a river that flows into the sea alone along the eastern coast of Hebei Province. There are 54 rivers with a basin area of more than 30km2, among which 23 rivers with a basin area of more than 100 km2. There are 12 articles belonging to Luanhe River system. Qinglong river is a major tributary of Luanhe River and the longest and richest river flowing through this city. Large rivers that enter the sea alone, such as Shihe River, Tanghe River, Daihe River, Yanghe River and Yinma River. From east to west, it forms its own water system, distributed at equal intervals, parallel to the sea and from north to south.