The Scenic Resources of Ai Shan National Forest Park

Ai Shan has abundant rainfall and superior natural conditions. The trees and flowers here are lush, just like the virgin forest. A total of 820 species of vascular plants (756 species, 57 varieties and 7 forms) were recorded in the park, belonging to ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms 1 12 families and 400 genera. The number of vascular plants accounts for about 50% of the total species in Shandong Province, the number of genera accounts for about 65% of the total genera, and the number of families accounts for about 73% of the total families. It can be seen that Aishan is rich in vascular plants. Specific classification: woody plants belong to 55 families 127 genera and 27 1 species (240 species, 28 varieties and 3 forms); 72 families, 266 genera, 5 18 species (487 species, 27 varieties, 4 forms); Lianas belong to 12 family, 18 genus and 3 1 species (29 species and 2 varieties). Among all kinds of tree species, there are many rare tree species, such as Tilia amurensis, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Apple, Chestnut, Cherry, Elm, Maple, Albizia Albizzia, such as Tilia amurensis, Quercus acutissima, Magnolia officinalis, Pu Shu, Osmunda tatarinowii, Dalbergia odorifera, tassel and mignonette. Wild flowers include: Rhododendron Camptotheca (Rhododendron), Spring Festival, Forsythia suspensa, Brocade, Shandan, calcined lead, carnation, Cao Xia, wild chrysanthemum and so on. There are 78 families 187 species of Chinese herbal plants, accounting for 23% of the total species of vascular plants in Ai Shan. The main Chinese herbal medicines are Radix Ampelopsis, Eucommiae Cortex, Sanguisorba officinalis, Cortex et Radix Polygalae, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Platycodi, Apocynum venetum, Rhizoma Belamcandae, Sedum sarmentosum (Notoginseng Radix), Radix Peucedani, Herba Leonuri, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Arisaematis Northeast, Plantaginis, etc. In addition, there are 8 species (including varieties and variants) of wild vegetables1/kloc-0 in Ai Shan, which are divided into five categories: bracken, leafy vegetables, cauliflower, root vegetables and fruits and vegetables. The number of wild vegetables in Ai Shan accounts for 49% of the total wild vegetables in Shandong province. Wild vegetable resources are rich and diverse, belonging to characteristic tourism resources.

Since the establishment of Ai Shan Forest Farm, due to the limitation of natural conditions, most forest areas have closed hillsides to facilitate afforestation. By 1952, the forestland area has reached 2 13.3 hectares, and the suitable forestland is 92.6 hectares. 1955 has 286 hectares of forest land; 1962 has 305.4 hectares of forest land. From 1974, some pure forests were damaged by Dendrolimus punctatus and Dendrolimus punctatus. According to the investigation of 1983, there are 239.6 hectares of woodland (Pinus densiflora 130.7 hectares, Robinia pseudoacacia 86.5 hectares, Quercus acutissima 6 hectares and Larix gmelinii 2.6 hectares). The stand volume is 5925 cubic meters, the total standing stock volume is 6029 cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is 78.5%. According to the investigation in 2000, there are 293.6 hectares of forests in Ai Shan Forest Farm, including coniferous forest 153.9 hectares, broadleaf tree 139.7 hectares and standing tree 19572 cubic meters, with a forest coverage rate of 96.2%. Among them, Pinus densiflora 53.8%, Quercus acutissima 5% and Robinia pseudoacacia 4 1.2%.

The excellent ecological environment makes the forest park form a landscape with evergreen seasons and blooming flowers in three seasons. In early spring, flowers such as green trees and azaleas are in full bloom, and the flowering period is from late March to early May; In midsummer, the sun is shaded and the mountains are green; Autumn, colorful, full of branches; In the middle of winter, it's another scenery to be wrapped in silver and hung with trees in the cold. Ai Shan Forest Park has superior natural environment and abundant plant resources, creating the best habitat and breeding environment for wild animals. There are 47 orders, 22 1 family and 1008 species (including subspecies) of wild animals recorded in Ai Shan Forest Park. Among them, there are 5 classes of terrestrial invertebrates, 19 orders, 15 1 family, 68 1 species (including subspecies), and only 14 orders, 12 1 family are recorded. Many insects can be used as landscape resources to increase tourists' interest. There is a small reservoir, many streams, ponds and other wetland ecosystems in the park, but it is greatly affected by seasonality and has less fish resources. According to the preliminary investigation, there are 4 orders, 8 families and 25 species, among which the dominant species are carp, crucian carp and silver carp, which can be used as fishery resources.

There are 2 orders, 6 families 13 species of reptiles (including freshwater animals) recorded in Ai Shan. It accounts for 68.4% of the total number of reptiles in Shandong province, among which there are three kinds of reptiles under special protection in Shandong province: tortoise, black-browed snake and northern grass lizard. Reptiles are mainly Palaearctic species, such as mountain lizard, spotted lizard and yellow-backed snake. The widely distributed species include soft-shelled turtle, tiger-spotted snake and red-chain snake. The only poisonous snake in Shandong Province, Agkistrodon nigromaculata, is only distributed in Jiaodong, with a small number, but it is often seen in Ai Shan Forest Park.

The natural vegetation in Ai Shan is deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, shrub and cultivated vegetation. There are many kinds of plants and insects, which provide rich food for all kinds of birds. Moreover, it is remote and sparsely populated, and it is a paradise for many birds to inhabit and multiply. It is the only place and post station for many bird migration. Ai Shan is located on the shortest route between the north and south of China or bird migration in the northern and southern hemispheres. Every spring and autumn, countless birds migrate here with the monsoon. There are many kinds of birds and diverse ecological types. Ai Shan * * * recorded 253 species (including subspecies) of birds 15 orders, 40 families, accounting for 20.3% of the total number of birds in China and 62.3% of the total number of recorded birds in Shandong Province, which is one of the richest areas in Shandong Province. Among the birds in Ai Shan, passeriformes have the most species, reaching 18 families, 1 17 species, accounting for 46.2% of the total number of birds in Ai Shan, followed by passeriformes, reaching 28 species, accounting for1./kloc-0. Birds, Mercedes-Benz beasts, roaming fish and colorful insects play the sounds of nature, and with the sound of beautiful waves, they add infinite charm to Ai Shan Forest Park. Ai Shan is the second highest mountain on the peninsula, with a broad vision and special terrain. Climbing Ai Shan can enjoy many beautiful celestial landscapes, such as watching the sun, the moon and floating clouds, which is unique. "The sunset glow on the lonely mountain" is a famous astronomical landscape on Mount Ai. Every sunset is colorful, twilight tassels, birds return to their nests, and I reflect colorful colors.

Ai Shan's cloud landscape makes Ai Shan, known as "Little Huashan", more beautiful. Ai Shan is foggy in spring and autumn, with an average annual total cloud cover of 50-60%. The main peak is often surrounded by fog and haze, just like Wei's poem: "Waterfalls often bring rain, and the sunset suddenly becomes a haze." Standing on the top of Genting Peak, as far as the eye can see, white clouds float from the sea and the air like a ribbon, and the fog rolls and fluctuates with the wind. In an instant, the peaks are hidden, just like entering a fairyland. Tang Wenhua is the main line of the park's human landscape, full of people's praise and yearning for the country's prosperity. Many historical stories and myths and legends have entrusted people with the pursuit of a better life, the praise of heroic deeds and the strong attack on evil. 1 historical sites

Famous historical sites in the park include longxing temple in the south, Tangwangdian in the north, and Tangwangmiao, Huanggu 'an and Gongzhufen in Aishan.

Longxing temple is located on the west side of Nangong Guding, above Tiekougou, with beautiful environment. Founded in the Tang Dynasty, it was once a Buddhist resort with magnificent buildings and three courtyards in the north and south. There are four monks' rooms in front and four in the back. There are thousands of monks dedicated to Guanyin, Manjusri, Pu Xian, Tibetan Bodhisattva and Empress Songzi. On the first day of February every year, the temple fair is full of visitors, and the incense is at its peak. Destroyed during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. There are two existing temple foundations, stone pillars, stone pagodas, bell tower columns and residual monuments, one of which is "Inscription of Jidanling incense in Mengdong in the first year of Qing Qianlong ...".

Tangwangdian is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Gu Bei. It is said that the building includes a front hall and a back hall. It was built when the Tang King was stationed in Gu Bei, and it was the place where the Tang King handled military aircraft and deliberations. It is said that tourists and mountain people often find ancient coins around the main hall, which proves the existence of the main hall and the real life of the ancients.

Tang Wang Temple is located in the little dutiful son on the north side of Tianmen, Ai Shan. According to legend, in the 18th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (644), the king of Tang Dynasty failed in his eastward expedition to Korea and led his army back to Aigu Mountain. After Tang Jun's retreat, the Yi people built the Tang King Temple in Xiaokunzi, Aishan as a memorial, and now the building no longer exists.

There is a site of King Temple in the south of Zhanma Village. It is said that after the Tang King retreated to Ai Shan, he fought a life-and-death battle with the North Korean general Quan Gai Suwen, and his uncle and brother died in Zhangjiacun, a war horse. Therefore, the Tang King ordered General Wei Chijingde to supervise the construction of the Dawang Temple in the south of the village, which has now been completed.

Huanggu 'an and Gongzhufen Huanggu 'an are located in Dakunzi, Ai Shan. It is said that the sister of the Tang King who accompanied the crusade was killed by a horse and witnessed the suffering brought by the war to the people. In order to accompany her husband and surpass all sentient beings, she resolutely built a buddhist nun here, formerly known as Huanggu 'an. But Huang Gu died of illness soon after becoming a monk, so she was buried under Tian Tong's back, named Princess Tomb, facing Huang Gu 'an across the stream, and the site still exists today.

Two historical stories

The stories and legends of the Tang King Story Garden are almost all closely related to the legends of Li Shimin's crusade, such as Xie Jiashan, Jianquan, Shuang Xie Shi, Huanggu 'an, Gongzhufen, Ma 'anshan Stone, Tang King Shengquan, Shiyue, Yinmawan, Halawan, Fenghuangling, Sun Yanshu, Longdun, Shoudun, Dongshi Resistance, Flag-planting, Dazhong Pit, Killing Ditch and so on. The most interesting story is the story of "The King of Tang and Wei Chijingde play a game of chess". In the west school yard, the two watched the soldiers drill and played games on a whim. It is agreed that if Tang Wang wins, Wei Chi will rebuild the temple in Nangu, and if Wei Chi wins, Tang Wang will give Nangu to Wei Chi, which is a game of chess! The result of three games of chess is a draw with one win, one draw and one loss. Wei Chi renovated the Nangu Temple as promised, erected the monument of "Rebuilding Wei Chijingde" and won South Gu Shan. From then on, Wei Chi became famous, and was honored as a god to ward off evil spirits among the people, and formed an indissoluble bond with Foshan.

As for the stories of "mass graves" and "murder ditches", they reflect the cruel situation of war, which is quite different from the positioning of tourism development projects and the feelings of tourists. The mass grave is located at the upper end of liujinzhai ditch in the north, and the ditch is very deep. There is a toad stone on the outer slope. It is said that Quan Gai Su Wen led an army to attack Tang Jun and sent 10,000 vanguard troops into the valley at night. Tang Jun ambushed behind the frog stone, and Gai army advanced to the frog stone, killing one. Su Wen, a beggar gang, didn't know the secret. It was not until there was a river of blood in the ditch that he realized that he had been cheated and suffered heavy losses. The story of "Shashenggou" tells that the king of the Tang Dynasty was in a hurry to get water. Anyone who asks about water shortage is killed and thrown into the ditch on the south side of the west campus, hence the name "murder ditch". Historical stories can be circulated, but as tourist attractions, these names need to be renamed, otherwise it will bring terror to tourists.

3. Myths and legends

The myths and legends in the park are as rich and vivid as the story of the Tang King's crusade. It is a legend that the Eight Immortals went to Ai Shan and prayed for water when they saw the bad weather. This is the only "evidence" left by the Eight Immortals when they traveled in Ai Shan. It is this line that connects Penglai Xiange with Confucius and Mencius in Ai Shan, forming the development idea of "Nanshan Beihai" and "Southern Buddha and Northern Fairy" with large space, large landscape and large tourism.

The Pole Stone is the preface of the park, and people in the city give people a touching fairy tale that makes people hate evil forces. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng and Guangwu exposed the uprising, but the Jade Emperor helped to abuse it. As soon as the epidemic situation fell, the soldiers of the rebel army became ill and lost their combat effectiveness. At the time of crisis, Uncle Jade saw that the mage was chivalrous and brave, stole two horses and sent them to the rebel army with a pole. On the way, the Jade Emperor found out, so he killed the horse with lightning, and the pole fell at the foot of Ai Shan, turning it into a "pole stone".

"Stone" is located at the top of the incense burner on the ridge of Beishan Mountain. This is a strange stone. It looks like an old lady. It is said that she is in love with an old couple, Grandpa Shi. After quarreling about the lock, Shi was smart and capable, and kicked Grandpa Shi to the dam at the east end of Upper Xue Cun. Her half face is facing the stone, which is not conducive to the local atmosphere and popularity. In a rage, the villagers buried grandpa Shi underground, and as a result, the local atmosphere and the popularity of nearby villages improved. This myth gives people the enlightenment of family harmony and happiness. Ai Shan's myths and legends are rich and colorful.

4. Revolutionary relics

Ai Shan is a mountainous area with steep terrain. Historically, it was an important station for Tang Jun's eastward expedition. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Aigu mountain area was an important base for the soldiers and civilians in Jiaodong to resist Japan and save the country, and became the production and supply and demand base of military supplies.

The Eighth Route Arsenal was built in the ruins of Huanggu 'an in Dazhaizi. 1938, * * party member established the Second Road of the Third Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army (hereinafter referred to as the Second Road of the Third Army), launched an armed uprising, and built the Eighth Route Arsenal in Dajianzi, which was originally a three-story building, but was later burned down by the Japanese army. After the founding of New China, 14 hard mountain tile houses were built and three east wing houses were renovated. The main wall is embedded with the stone carving factory logo "Zhou Jilong of the Eighth Route Army Weapons Factory" and the seal of Zhou Jilong. There are mortar stones and medicinal grinding tools in front of the house.

There is a cave in the cliff on the east, west and north of longxing temple, and the cave in the north of Temple is divided into two small holes. These caves were the printing house of No.2 Sanjun Road when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was born. The caves are still there, but the ancillary facilities are gone.

In addition, there are several small caves between temples in longxing temple, which is the prosperous period of temples. Because monks have good medical skills, many women come to seek medical treatment and have nowhere to live. Monks dig small holes in the temple for women to stay in hospital, which is called "Kannonji". During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Kannonji contributed to the growth and victory of our Party.