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Zhao ling's anecdotes in Zhao ling

Why didn't Zhuang Fei bury Zhaoling?

Originally, an independent "Zhuangfeiling" was to be built inside Zhaoling. In that case, Zhaoling today will be even bigger and more magnificent. However, this "Zhuangfeiling" was not built in Shenyang, but was built in Malanyu, Zunhua, Hebei Province, thousands of miles away from Shenyang. The reason is still an unsolved mystery.

Zhuang Fei is also known as the "Empress of Xiaozhuang Wen". She is a girl from Mongolian grassland. Her surname is Bolzigit, her first name is Bumubutai, also known as Benbutai (meaning "a noble person from heaven"). She was born on the eighth day of February in the forty-first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 13). Her father is the chief of Mongolian Horqin tribe named Zhasai, and he is a descendant of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu. After the establishment of Jin State by Qing Taizu, due to political needs, he attached great importance to the relations with Mongolian ministries. Zhuang Fei's hometown, Horqin, is closer to the territory of the post-Jin State, and its military strength is relatively weak. She has been abused by Chahar, a powerful department for many times, so she is also close to the post-Jin State and willing to make friends with it. Manchu and Mongolian customs pay attention to the wedding for each other, and even form several layers of kinship, which is considered to be the most sincere and reliable friendly way. Therefore, the Horqin Department has married many women to Nurhachi and Huang Taiji, and Huang Taiji alone married three aristocratic women in Horqin. These three princesses are not only Zhuang Fei herself, but also her aunt and sister. My aunt is Wen's queen Zhezhe, and my sister is Guan Chen's princess Hai. Two generations in a family, three women and one husband, this is the first surplus of the primitive group marriage system, which was very common in the early Qing Dynasty. In the 10th year of Destiny (1625), in February, accompanied by her brother Wu Keshan Huang Taiji, Zhuang Fei came from Mongolian grassland to Liaoyang Gongcheng, the capital of the late Jin Dynasty, and married Huang Taiji, known as the "Four Baylers" in fashion. At this time, she was just a thirteen-year-old girl. In the second year after Ban Butai married Huang Taiji, Mao died. After Huang taiji succeeded Jin Guohan, he changed his country name to Tiancong, and Zhuang Fei became the side Fujin of Jin Guohan. In the first year of Chongde, Huang Taiji won the Yuan Dynasty, and Shan Jianguo was the Emperor of Chongde, conferring five concubines. Originally, he was named Zhuangfei and settled in Yongfu Pass, also known as Xigong Princess. On the 30th day of the first month of the third year of Chongde, Zhuang Fei gave birth to the ninth son of the emperor, Fu Lin. At that time, Huang Taiji was immersed in the anguish of the death of the "Crown Prince", who was born in Chen Fei and lived in the palace. In the sixth year of Germany, Heilanzhu, Huang Taiji's favorite princess, died. Huang taiji was heartbroken and fell ill. In order to maintain feudal ethics, the Qing dynasty did not advocate empresses to interfere in politics. But in real life, the queen, as the head of the harem, has to influence the words and deeds of the emperor and even government affairs. So is Zhuang Fei. According to Records of the Qing Dynasty and Notes on Kangxi Residence, Zhuang Fei is said to have "sponsored" Emperor Taizong and "created Piji". Although these words are procedural "official documents". But it will never be a historian watching the wind shadow.

In August of the eighth year of Chongde, Qing Taizong died. Six-year-old Fu Lin succeeded to the throne. Change the year number to Shunzhi. Because the emperor shunzhi was young, he was regent by his uncle, nine kings Dourgen and Zheng Qinwang Jihalang. Empress Zhe Zhe is honored as the Empress Dowager, while Zhuang Fei has no title of Doer Queen. Soon, Dourgen and Ming defeated the peasant army headed by Li Zicheng and occupied Beijing. In September of the first year of Shunzhi, the ruling center of the Qing Dynasty moved from Shengjing to Beijing, and Zhuang Fei and Fu Lin bid farewell to Shengjing Palace. According to legend, Regent Dourgen claimed to be the eldest son of Taizu, with outstanding achievements in founding the country, inflated ambitions and attempted to usurp the throne. When Zhuang Fei arrived in Yanjing, she was worried when she saw Dourgen's arrogance. In order to control and win over Dourgen and consolidate Fu Lin's throne, Zhuangfei married Dourgen. Thus stabilizing the possible separatist situation. Of course, getting married is just an anecdote, which is not credible. Whether it is true or not remains to be verified by historians.

In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Fu Lin gave a banquet and succeeded his youngest son, Michelle Ye, as Emperor Kangxi. Zunzhuangfei is the empress dowager. Michelle Ye lost her mother very early and was raised by her grandmother, Zhuangfei. Grandchildren and grandchildren have deep feelings. In this regard, Kangxi himself is outspoken. Kangxi once said: "Looking back on my age, I missed my estimation. I have been taught by my grandmother for more than 30 years, and I have achieved something. If there were no grandmother, the empress dowager, it would never be today. " Because of this, Kangxi was extremely filial to his grandmother. The history books recorded several things about him: whenever Emperor Kangxi went sightseeing with his grandmother and encountered a slope, Kangxi always dismounted and went to his grandmother's imperial coffin to help him personally; When Kangxi traveled eastward to Shengjing, he also soaked the fish he had caught in sheep fat to keep it fresh, and ordered people to send the post to the queen mother as soon as possible. Kangxi also said in the letter that as long as grandma "bowed her head and smiled" when she saw these things, she would be satisfied. When Empress Dowager Cixi was in danger, Emperor Kangxi often stood by his bed to show filial piety. Kangxi made a wish before God that he would give his life to his grandmother, hoping to prolong her life, and gave money to the temple to pray for the blessing of God and Buddha. In a word, Zhuang Fei was one of the outstanding empresses in the early Qing Dynasty, who assisted Sai-jo and Sheng-zu all her life.

According to the tomb system of the Qing Dynasty, the queen died before the emperor and had to wait until the emperor died before being buried with her. After the emperor died, another tomb was built next to the emperor's tomb. Zhuang Fei died more than 30 years after Taizong, so Xiao Zhuang's tomb should be built in Zhaoling. It is said that Zhuang Fei did not bury her in Zhaoling for the following reasons: First, Zhuang Fei left a will before her death. The general idea of the will is that Taizong has been buried in Shengjing, so don't open the underground palace for me to be buried with. Just bury yourself next to Xiaoling Mausoleum (Shunzhi Mausoleum), because I miss your father and son (Shunzhi and Kangxi) and don't want to be far away. So, Kangxi followed her grandmother's instructions and built a tomb of Zhuang Fei next to Xiaoling, named "Zhao Qianling". There is also a saying that Zhuang Fei has married nine kings Dourgen, and her marriage with Emperor Taizong has ended, so she can no longer be buried in the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong. But whether Zhuang Fei's marriage is really true is still inconclusive. The third argument is that the cremation system prevailed in the early Qing Dynasty. For example, concubines such as Taizu and Taizong were cremated. In her later years, Princess Zhuang abolished the cremation system, but if she was buried in Zhaoling, she must be cremated according to the old system. Fearing that she would be cremated, Zhuang Fei offered to be reburied in the pass. What happened is to be confirmed by new historical data.

Phantom of the tablet computer

There is a strange phenomenon on the back of the "Shengde Monument": whenever it rains, there will be a person's shape looming on it, which looks like a "pretty girl", slim, with a high head and a good face, wearing a robe with a coat off, floating like a fairy. The more you think about it, the clearer the figure will be. So throughout the ages, I don't know how many literati and dignitaries are interested, which has led to a lot of gossip. It was even "deified" as one of the ten scenes of staying in the capital (Shenyang) in the Qing Dynasty, and it was rendered as a scene of Shengjing, named "Monument Shadow". There is also a poem in "A Brief Introduction to the Capital" praising this scene, saying: "Ancient stones are full of vitality. Better than Dan Qing's skillful hand. There are statues behind the two tombs (Zhaoling and Fuling), which can be included in the capital. " (Liu Shiying: Introduction to the Capital) In the ninth year of Daoguang, a minister named He Rulin went east with Emperor Xuanzong to worship his ancestors. Because he heard that this monument was strange, he came here to watch it in his spare time. According to his speculation, this human figure is very similar to "Master Guanyin" (Tathagata). He Rulin praised him for his vivid image, which even has "clothes and fingers". It is really a magical thing, and it is a "match made in heaven" (A trip to Shenyang). "Shenyang County Records" also called this monument a "sacred monument"; Jin Liang called this monument "Beauty Stone" and "Guanyin Stone" in his book Investigation of Fengtian Historic Sites. But some people think that the human figure on the tablet is not a female corpse. For example, Shen Gu said that the human figure and hair of the monument are very similar to Zhuge Liang, the "Han Shou Hou Ting"; Others say that its image is very similar to Guandi. In short, this is all speculation, and different people have different opinions.

This phenomenon is not only found in the sacred monument of Zhaoling, but also in other monuments. According to historical records, another stone tablet in Zhaoling, the sacred tablet on the upper floor of Daming, will also have a human figure on the back. Some people try to figure it out, much like the legendary "Ma Gu". During the Republic of China, when the warlord Feng De served as the guardian minister of Fengtian Mountain Mausoleum, he specially sent painters to draw this "Magu" according to the texture on the tablet, and painted it in various colors to make a "Magu's birthday map", which was neither fish nor fowl nor ridiculous. Although the paint was later painted off, the stone tablet was burned down because of lightning and fire. But you can still see some traces from it. For another example, the "Valley of God" records that there is a stone tablet in Yaozhou Temple in southern Liaoning, which can stand a "Wei Tuo statue".

Xinmin Evening News reported on May 22nd 1992 that there are two invisible stone tablets in Tang Wenhua site of Heilongtan scenic spot in Renshou County, Sichuan Province. At first glance, the stone tablet is bright and clean, but when water is poured, a line of words immediately appears on the stone tablet on the right. On the stone tablet on the left, there appeared a painting of ink and bamboo with profound skill and elegant charm. The words and paintings on the tablet disappeared with the water vapor. Legend has it that the calligraphy and painting on these two tablets were written by Wen Tong, the cousin of Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty. Wen Tong, Zi He Ke, were famous calligraphers, painters and essayists at that time. He used to be the secretariat of Duanzhou (Renshou). According to Renshou County Records; "If there is light on the two walls, there are strange stones and bamboos here, without ink marks and carvings, and the stones are washed with water. Stippling is still fresh. " Beijing Daily also reported that there is a stone tablet in Beijing Banbidian Forest Park, and a "bear" will be exposed on the stone tablet in rainy days. This monument is about two meters in diameter. This stone is irregular in shape and about 0.5 meters thick. It is white marble produced in Quyang County, Hebei Province. On the front of the stone tablet is Comrade Chen Yun's inscription: "Banbidian Forest Park". There are many similar examples. Then, why do these stone tablets show various shapes in wet conditions? So far, no one has made a convincing explanation for this puzzle. However, according to my guess. It may be because the texture of these stone tablets is composed of a dry turquoise with low density and good water absorption, so whenever it rains and the air is humid, the texture of the stone tablets will become prominent because of the wet color. For example, the coarse magnetic cylinder used in rural areas in the north, because of its low density and loose texture, will wear a skirt at the lower part whenever the air is humid, and some people regard it as a harbinger of rain. Therefore, the ancients also said that "the moon is dizzy and the wind is rising, and the foundation is moist and silent", which is the truth. The reason why the stone tablet is wet may be similar. Of course, this is only speculation, and it is still left to scientists to explain correctly.

"Bai Xia" Arsalan and "Xiao Shi" Shang Xi.

Whenever there is a big sacrifice in Zhaoling, there is a "bodyguard" wearing royal clothes and holding a sword on both sides of the confession in Long 'en Hall. Two people, one is called "Bai Daxia" and the other is called "Little Ambassador". Heroes and Xia Pingri have no other duties, and their only duty is to act as "imperial guards" during the big sacrifice. However, their titles are very high. Bai Daxia's official position is "hereditary first-class bodyguard, a captain without pomp", and his rank is third-class, which is tied with the highest official in Zhaoling. Xiao Xia is a "hereditary first-class bodyguard, riding a captain", ranking from the third grade, which is more than half of Zhaoling customs officers. Heroes and chivalries are hereditary and passed down from generation to generation. The first person to win the title of hero was Arsalan, and the chivalrous man was named Shang Xi. Both of them were imperial guards before the death of Emperor Taizong and Huang Taiji.

Arsalan, whose real name is "Mendu" and surname is Bolzigit, is a descendant of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu. "Arsalan" is an honorary title given to him by Huang Taiji, which means "lion" in Chinese. The door is huge, "unparalleled arm strength, good at wrestling, endless strength, really as brave and powerful as a" lion. "

There is no official record about how the car door became the bodyguard of Taizong Huang Taiji before driving, but there is a legend among the people:

It is said that Mendu was originally an unemployed man. He is extremely powerful, but his stunts are not reused. So I always want to find a chance to show myself in front of the emperor. One day, he heard that Huang Taiji drove past a stone bridge, and there were two big lions at the bridge. Arsalan moved a stone lion from the bridgehead to the middle of the stone bridge, blocking the way. Then he hid under the bridge and waited. Soon after, Huang Taiji went down to the stone bridge in front of the minister of civil and military affairs and the officers and men of the Eight Banners. However, the big group can't get through. After asking about the situation, Huang Taiji sent a message to the military commanders around him, asking them to move the lion. However, no one can move it. Huang taiji was very angry and said, this is the man who dared to do such a thing, and ordered to arrest the man who refused to answer the phone. What happened on the bridge, Arsalan heard clearly under the bridge. So he unhurriedly walked out from under the overseas Chinese, knelt before the emperor and explained the situation. Although Huang Taiji was angry, he thought to himself that since he could move such a heavy stone lion, he must be a mighty warrior. If he is really a wizard, he will definitely work for me if he is driven off. Then he said to Arsalan, I can forgive you if you move the lion back to the bridge. Arsalan kowtowed and thanked him. Then, he stood up and walked to the stone lion among the overseas Chinese. He tied the belt tightly around his waist and stretched out his hands and feet. Then he opened his arms, bent down, called for strength, picked up the stone lion, strode to the bridge and gently placed it on the stone base. See three noodles don't change color, not from heavy hiss. Huang taiji was very surprised when he saw it, and the minister was dumbfounded on Thursday. At first glance, Huang Taiji saw that this man was really a strange man to find. Therefore, Arsalan was placed under driving as a private bodyguard. (According to Gu Guangqing's collected works: "Arsalan offers skills to seek officials")

Although this is only a folklore, it is a historical fact that Arsalan is a brave wrestler. Wrestling, called "Buku" in Manchu, is a very popular sports and entertainment activity among Mongolians and northern minorities. This kind of competition will be held in every festival or other festive occasions. Arsalan (Mendu) has become a bodyguard since he joined Huang Taiji, and his fame is getting bigger and bigger. It is well known at home and abroad that Huang taiji has such a strongman, and there is also a "cloth library" expert around him. Huang taiji himself is proud of having such a wizard. Whenever Mongolian kings come to Shengjing to appear before him, he always appears at the gates. At that time, Mongolian ministries also had two wrestlers, one was Tebendehe of Aru and the other was Dhurma of the Fourth Division. They have heard of the door for a long time and have been looking for opportunities to compete with him. To test the actual situation. In the early days of Tiancong, Emperor Taizong and Mongolian ministries fought against Chahar Lidan Khan in the "Three-Eva Alliance". Temudhek and Dhurma followed the Mongolian prince to Sanwa to appear before Huang Taiji. At a grand welcoming banquet, after three rounds of wine and five flavors, Huang Taiji preemptively said to the Mongolian prince, I heard that you have two experts in cloth storage. It's a rare opportunity today. You can let them come out and have a try with my guards. Learn from each other to toast. This is exactly what you want. The Mongolian prince and two wrestlers had this citizen a long time ago. Later, the door came out with Temude and Dhurma to salute Huang Taiji and the Mongolian prince first, and the three met again. Huang taiji proposed to divide the game into two games. In the first game, Tebendeh played against Dhurma, and the outcome was the first. The second game is played by the winner and the door. The three changed to "take the main road" and came to the grass in front of the walking pavilion. They did some jumping movements to exercise their muscles and bones, and then the first game began. Holding Mulder and Chermat, they tried their best. You hooked me up and asked me behind my back. After more than ten rounds, Toure Ma grabbed Dale Dehe's chest and threw Mulder and he to the ground with a powerful back span. The audience immediately burst into warm applause. Then there is the competition between Durma and Mendu. Although Tourema won the first victory, he was ashamed of himself in front of the famous Gates. He was short in stature and far from Gates in physical strength and technology. Therefore, it was almost effortless for Gates. He only walked two or three laps and gently pressed Toulma down. The Mongolian prince and all his entourage present were deeply impressed by Mendu's performance and whispered "deserved it!" Huang taiji was even more happy, and he rewarded Temude and Dhurma. After Huang taiji returned to Shenyang, he named three cloth storage experts. The title for Mendu is "Tuxie Tubuku, Arsalan", and give him a leopard coat; The name given to Temudheh is "Batulubuku", a tiger coat, a broadsword and a satin; The title given to Dhurma is "Zhanbuku", a tiger-watching leather coat. Huang taiji also reiterated that from now on, they are only allowed to be called by this royal name, and they are no longer called by their original names. Anyone who calls him by his original name will be punished.

In the first month of the eighth year of Tiancong, three Mongolian princes, Tuxie TuJi Nong Badali, Za Saquetoux, Dulingbuqi and Gaerzhu Zamuer, went to Shenyang to congratulate Huang Taiji on New Year's Day. They have heard a lot about Huang Taiji. There is a wizard named Arsalan, but they are dubious. So this time, they brought six of the best experts from the Ministry to see Arsalan. Huang taiji still held a banquet in the palace nave as usual to entertain guests from afar. It was Tai Chi who asked about the three princes' banquet. He has six excellent bookkeepers. They want to meet Arsalan and ask him to be their enemy. Seeing the intentions of the three Mongolian princes, Huang Taiji brought Arsalan to the front and asked him to meet the Mongolian princes. Then he warned him loudly that he should show mercy during the game and not hurt six guests. The Mongolian sovereign thought, Arsalan, no matter how capable you are, you can't control a pack of wolves. Unexpectedly, Arsalan really made a outrageous move. After a fight, some of the six wrestlers were thrown on their backs by Arsalan, while others were thrown out of the circle by Arsalan with his hands raised. Six wrestlers are still cocky and embarrassed. The three Mongolian princes were a little embarrassed. They admire Arsalan from the bottom of their hearts and say repeatedly that he is really a "brave" talent.

Chongde eight years, Huang Taiji died, sai-jo Fu Lin inherited the throne and changed the title of Shunzhi. The following year, Regent Dourgen and Ming defeated Wu Sangui, and the peasant rebels from Li Zicheng occupied Beijing. Soon, sai-jo Fu Lin moved to Beijing. Arsalan entered the customs with the dragon. At this time, he is old and very nostalgic for his hometown. So, in the early years of Shunzhi, he wrote to the emperor sai-jo, asking him to return to the old Shengjing to guard the mausoleum for Emperor Taizong and Huang Taiji. Considering that he was the most effective attendant of Emperor Taizong before his death, Emperor Sai-jo was very satisfied with his request to defend Zhaoling. I agree to this request. Give him a promotion and knighthood, and give him the title of "hereditary Adahavan first-class bodyguard" (captain who knows his way around). Together with Arsalan, he was approved to return to Shengjing to guard Zhaoling, and there was another bodyguard named Shangxi, who was also sealed by the sai-jo. Arsalan monk Xi returned to Shengjing with his dead ancestors and built a house near Zhaoling.

At this time, Arsalan, though over 60 years old, was still strong. Once a monument was erected in Zhaoling, because it was too heavy for all masons to put into the pedestal. Is difficult, just Arsalan came along. He looked at the tablet and told everyone, don't worry. Put the tablet on first. I can move my back to the seat. Masons simply don't believe that the old man in front of them has such great power. But seeing Arsalan's firm and calm attitude, I have to give it a try. As a result, the white-haired old man actually carried this stone tablet of more than 1000 kilograms on his back. With everyone's help, he combined the stone tablet with the falcon and stood very steady. Masons were very surprised when they saw that Arsalan was "old and full of energy". This story is still circulating in Shenyang.

Arsalan was buried on his own land 20 miles north of Zhaoling after his death. When Fu Lin heard about it, he gave him a "Double Lion Monument", that is, the head of the monument was composed of two lions. This is a unique special case in the tablet system of Qing Dynasty. Fu Lin named this monument because his father Tai Chi named him Asalan (Lion). Arsalan Cemetery is located in Baijiatun Village, Chenghua Township, Yuhong District, Shenyang. This tomb is also called "Baijiafen". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, many Manchu and Mongolian families changed their surnames to Han, because his surname was Bolzigit, and the first word of the original surname was changed to Han, and the homonym of "Bo" was "Bai". In the mid-Qing dynasty, this place has gathered into a village with the place name of "Baijiafen", which was renamed as "Baijia Village" in recent years. Unfortunately, Arsalan's tomb was destroyed in the "Ten Years' Unrest" together with the double lion tablet with special shape. It is worth noting that in the summer of 1983, the descendants of Arsalan, an old man who lived in Wangniutun, Chenghua Township, Yuhong District, Shenyang, came to the author with a piece of double lion tablet carefully collected by him, so that we could think of a remedy for him. The author has the right to "remedy" the historical events in Arsalan now, and that's all.

According to historical records, Arsalan took the position of "hereditary first-class bodyguard, second-class arrive without pomp", with an annual salary of 232 silver, which is 1 17 stone. This official position has been handed down in his family for more than ten generations. According to Bai Shizhong, the descendants of Guangxu period in Arsalan had three brothers: Tiger Tonga, Tiger Tongli and Tiger Bao Tong. Tiger boy once served as the head of the yamen of Prime Minister Sanling, with four ranks. Bai Shizhong is the great-grandson of Tiger Tong A, Bai Shizhong's grandfather Bai Yude, and his father's name is Bai Wenfu. His family was renamed Bai by his grandfather Bai Yude in the early years of the Republic of China. Arsalan's descendants have two branches, He Ying and Ban, except his sexuality. British surnames began with a man named Bai Yingyuan, and later generations changed their surnames to English. According to Chengde County Records, those who attacked Arsalan during Guangxu and Xuantong years were indeed known as "Yingyuan", which shows that the information provided by Bai Shizhong is reliable.

In addition, there are few historical records about "Shaoxia" Shang Xi, except that his surname is "Moji, Daishi" and he is a descendant of the royal family in the Yuan Dynasty. Shang became the bodyguard of Emperor Taizong and Huang Taiji with "meritorious military service". At the beginning of Shunzhi, he returned to Shengjing with Asalan from Beijing to protect Zhaoling, and was awarded the title of "hereditary first-class bodyguard and riding captain" by his ancestors. His descendants have inherited this position for more than ten generations. His family lives near Xiaobeiguan in Shenyang.

Armored "shovel" case

Before introducing this anecdote, it is necessary to explain why juice "knocks". According to unofficial history Daguan, in ancient times, if anyone who was unjustly imprisoned, or any other grievances, complained to the provincial government that they could not enforce the law impartially, and then appealed to the punishments, according to the law, the punishments could not just decide the case. In this situation where there is no ladder in the sky and no door in the underground, the families of unjust cases have to take risks and ask the emperor to knock them to death. It's called knocking. Knocking on the door is a very difficult thing. First of all, the sniffer should find out the time and road of the emperor's trip in advance and write a form paper. Before the emperor passes by, he will hide in the "sewer" next to the imperial road in advance, regardless of the muddy water, waiting for the emperor to pass by! The guard shouted "wronged" while holding up grievances. The guard heard the sound and arrested the person knocking at the door to the headquarters. The emperor may or may not look at the "grievances", or he may simply ask about the grievances, and the district will hand over the culprits to the punishments or the province for re-handling. However, the wronged person has the emperor's oral instructions or the royal approval by knocking at the door, and criminal officials at all levels generally dare not cheat, so the unjust case is often handled fairly. However, the knocker was convicted and punished for the conflict. Some local officials were also implicated. The Law of the Great Qing Dynasty stipulates: "Anyone who knocks on patrol places will be punished by the military academy for six months, the deputy commander of the infantry for two months, and the infantry will be flogged for 80 in flood season." It can be seen that the attack on the map must be carried out in secret and cannot be exposed, otherwise local officers and men will not let go. The law also treats people who knock shovels in hell to pay, and generally sends them to remote areas for hard labor. However, despite this, knocking at the door still happens frequently, because after all, the wronged person can get a chance to live. It is said that there is also a special kind of professional knockers who knock for others and have to earn some money to support their families. It can be seen that knocking at the door is the true embodiment of the social darkness in the feudal autocratic era.

In the 11th year of Kangxi (1682), there was a rare situation in Zhaoling and Fuling that armored cavalry/Huling cavalry collectively knocked and shoveled. There are 80 armored soldiers in Zhaoling and Fuling, who are responsible for mountain protection. They patrol the mountains and check the roads every day, and the task is too complicated. These people have been working since they became adults. As long as they don't die of illness or die in battle, they can only wear armor for life until they retire in old age. There are no other development opportunities. Therefore, the ironclad people in the two tombs were very dissatisfied with this, and they wanted to take advantage of the opportunity of Emperor Kangxi's eastward tour of the mausoleum to collectively "knock out" the emperor and ask them to open a road to promotion. In March of the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), Michelle Ye led a large group of people to Shengjing. On this day, after the emperor saluted Zhaoling and Fuling, the two tombs were dressed in armor and knelt on the plane, and the emperor arrived. Perhaps because of the "great responsibility" or the grace of Kangxi, he not only did not punish the soldiers, but agreed. Kangxi said in the imperial edict: "These soldiers guarding the mausoleum went back for a long time and did not rise for life. It is really pitiful." Decided to break the routine and give them a way to be promoted, that is, to select some "bodybuilders" from the military at regular intervals, or to work in Fuling and Zhaoling, or to work as a dispatcher (also known as a leader) and a member of the Seven Schools in Beijing.

A year later, because of housing difficulties, the ironclad people in the two tombs asked the Ministry of Industry to build a house. When Emperor Kangxi learned that he was taken care of again, Qin ordered Shengjing to contribute 14820 yuan, giving 12 pieces of silver to each of the two mausoleums to "build their own houses" and "choose houses for Qin". Zhaoling chose to build 40 houses on the east side in front of the mausoleum, named Dongying House.

The collective shoveling incidents of armored soldiers in Fuling and Zhaoling are rare in the history of mausoleum system in Qing Dynasty, and the official books are secretive about it, so the records are unknown. However, it is not difficult to trace this important event from sporadic historical materials.

The legend of ganoderma lucidum and dragon robe

In the corner of Long 'en Hall in Zhaoling, there used to be a big camphor box. It is said that this wooden box is specially used to hold three Daoguang robes and three Ganoderma lucidum. At this point, there is a folklore:

The story happened in Daoguang nine years. Daoguang visited Sheng JD.COM before offering sacrifices to the mausoleum. According to the system of customs officers, there are special personnel in the police station to clean the environment, sweep dust, pull weeds and clean up sundries. In particular, the Long 'en Hall is carefully cleaned, because it is the main place for the emperor to worship his ancestors, so it should be cleaned very carefully. After cleaning up the able-bodied men, the customs officers came here to check again and again, and they were relieved to see that no loopholes were found. The next day, Daoguang led all the Baylor ministers to the Long 'en Hall in Zhaoling to hold a ceremony. Just as he boarded the platform in front of the temple, waiting for the guide officer to lead him to the throne, he suddenly saw several weeds growing in the southeast corner of the platform, which made him very unhappy. He thought: the customs officers at the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the mausoleum are still so careless, and their routines can be imagined. At this time, the Zhaoling people standing by found these weeds and were very frightened. They hurriedly knelt before Daoguang. Daoguang thought, since Lingguan can clean up other places, how can he ignore such an important place? This kind of grass is destined to be extraordinary. Bao worked as a bodyguard for three years. He pulled down the grass and sent it to me for inspection. Daoguang took the grass in his hand and looked intently. There are three kinds of "ganoderma lucidum grass" now, which is an auspicious sign. So he turned anger into joy and pardoned the customs officer's fault. He also gave Ganoderma lucidum to the customs official, asking him to take good care of this treasure. Whenever there is a big sacrifice, please take it out and put it on the confession. Soon, Daoguang toured Shengjing Licheng. On the eve of bidding farewell to his ancestors' land of Longxing and returning to Beijing, he suddenly remembered three ganoderma lucidum plants in Zhaoling, which he thought was a very auspicious thing when he traveled eastward to Shengjing. So, he ordered his minister to leave the three robes he was wearing and give them to Zhaoling customs officials to hide together with Ganoderma lucidum. Since then. On June 6th, on the occasion of the Dragon Robe Festival, the customs officers took Daoguang Robe and Ganoderma lucidum out of the camphor box and put them on the platform in front of Long 'en Temple to dry. Please come out for sacrifice during the big sacrifice. In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu, Russian soldiers invaded Shengjing, and Ganoderma lucidum disappeared. (Miao Wenhua: Beilingzhi (4 1))

The above is a folk legend circulating near Zhaoling, but this rumor is not a completely fabricated "lie", and some plots are indeed based on historical facts. According to the Black Map Archives, Zhaoling does have the emperor's robes. However, this robe is not Daoguang's, but Qianlong's royal robe. The thing is this: in the forty-eight years of Qianlong, Li Hong traveled eastward to Shengjing for the fourth time to worship his ancestors. One day, after the Zhaoling ceremony, Qianlong sent a message to the Minister of the Interior, asking him to send a good "golden button silk robe" to Zhaoling and give it to the customs officers, asking them to "respectfully hide in the Long 'en Hall". In the future, whenever there is a major sacrifice, please offer this dragon robe as a sacrifice. Emperor Qianlong's move had his intention, because Qianlong was 72 years old at this time. Shengjing is far from Shi Jing, and the traffic is inconvenient. It's hard to come to Shengjing again. Moreover, judging from the east tour system, his grandfather Kangxi the Great only visited Shengjing four times in his life to worship his ancestors (the last time was a tribute from Prince Yong). As a descendant of Kangxi, he should not surpass his grandfather. After thinking hard, Qianlong came up with two alternatives and left his best royal costume. Later, every time he met a grand ceremony, he presented this imperial robe next to Taizong's throne, saying that he would always serve his ancestors to show filial piety. Therefore, the dragon robe in Daoguang legend is probably the dragon robe left by Emperor Qianlong. Of course, the possibility of Daoguang Emperor's robes in Zhaoling is not ruled out. Because the emperors of the Qing dynasty had an unwritten rule, such as what the former emperor did, the later emperor often had to follow it, because it was a "ancestral system" and must follow it. There are many such things. For example, after Emperor Qianlong wrote The White Horse Song, Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang also wrote such a white horse song when they came to Shengjing to worship their ancestors. Therefore, Emperor Qianlong left a dragon robe, and Daoguang may have followed the ancestral system. It's just not in the file yet.